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Suicide: Arthur Hu's Index of Diversity

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Suicide

Rates for some groups are high, but in general lower than average for Asians in San francisco and California by 1/3. Teen suicide rate is also lower, but Japanese national rate is higher. National Asian Women's health organization claims elderly rates among women are the highest of any ethnic group. Among whites, more die from suicides with guns than homicides, whereas the opposite is true with blacks.

By the way, if you happen to be contemplating suicide yourself consider:

http://www.befrienders.org

it's got a directory of support services in over 40 countries, information on support by e-mail, and translations into 8 languages including Chinese and Arabic


Relative rates - Higher in Japan, but generally
lower among Asian Americans.
--------------------------------------------
US Elderly W1.0                A "highest"
US/ Japn   W1.0                A 1.6
US Teen    W1.00 B-1.9         A-1.95
CA State   W1.0  B-1.8  H-3.0  A-2.7 O-2.3
SF         W1.0  B-2.2  H-12.7 A-3.6


Suicide Spectrum

Deaths per 100,000 people, 1985                 
            Suicide Index  						
  USMale 20 24.0
  France    21.30  1.7															
  MIT       21.2         Katharyn Jeffries
  Japan     19.60  1.6															
  Japan 98  17.2     
  W Germany 18.60  1.5															
  USArmy    15.5         USAToday
  Marines   15.0
  20-24 US  13.6         Natl Inst Mental Health
  USA       12.20  1.0	
  Navy      11.0         USAToday
  Us Milit  10-14														
  Britain   8.50  -1.43     													
  US AirFor  5.6         USAToday


@@black

clip\96\05\blaksuic.txt Date: Tue, 23 Jul 1996 07:22:54 -0400 From:
NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) Suicides up for young black men
Rates increased 63 % between 1980 and '93, statistics show By Fern
Shen Washington Post

@@china

\clip\96\04\worldeat.txt Date: Sun, 15 Sep 1996 15:48:09 -0400 From:
NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) Fatal Germs Being Surpassed by
Other Causes of Death By LAURAN NEERGAARD Associated Press Writer

In China, injuries constitute 17 percent of the health burden,
including a staggering 180,000 women a year who kill themselves in
what scientists call Asia's ``suicide belt.''



@@College

z54\clip\2002\01\mitsuic.txt
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/01/25/usat-mit.htm
01/24/2002 - Updated 11:25 PM ET
Suicide at MIT raises parents' ire
By Rochelle Sharpe, special for USA TODAY
"About 30% of colleges reported at least one student suicide. At MIT alone, 12
students have committed suicide since 1990."

http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/103/metro/Student_burned_in_reported_suicide_attempt_at_MIT+.shtml
z41\clip\2000\05\jump.txt
Student burned in reported suicide attempt at MIT 
By David Abel, Globe Correspondent and John Ellement Globe Staff,
4/12/2000 
According to Katharyn Jeffries, an MIT junior who researched suicides
for the campus newspaper, there are 21.2 suicides for every 100,000
undergraduate student years, a figure used to compare suicide rates
among different populations. The national average among all people
between the ages of 20 and 24, according to the National Institute of
Mental Health, is about one-third lower, or 13.6 per 100,000.

@@elderly

\doc\96\03\aswmheal.txt National Asian Women's Health Organization
announcement, Asian Week Nov 17, 1996 p. 14 - Elderly Chinese and
Japanse American women have the highest suicide rate of all racial
and ethnic groups

@@Executives

\clip\97\16\japnsuic.txt June 24, 1997 Executive suicides on the rise
in Japan TOKYO (AP) National Police Agency said Tuesday.  478
executives killed themselves last year, up from 411 the previous year.


@@gay

http://www.glsen.org/pages/sections/news/chaseremarks
z45\clip\2000\10\chase.txt Remarks Bob Chase, NEA President For The
Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network Chicago, Illinois October
7, 2000 the Massachusetts Department of Education found that gay,
lesbian, and bisexual youth are four times more likely than
heterosexual students to commit suicide.


@@general

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/digest/nat2.htm
\clip\97\04\youtviol.txt Washington Post For Children, an Epidemic of
Homicide By Judith Havemann Washington Post Staff Writer Friday,
February 7, 1997; Page A01 

* The suicide rate alone for children age 14 and younger was double
that of the rest of the industrialized world, the agency said. 

*since 1950 in the United States, childhood homicide rates tripled
and suicide rates quadrupled. 

* Children committed suicide using methods other than firearms at
about the same rate in the United States as in the other 25
countries. 


@@Japan

SUICIDE IS HONORABLE EVEN FOR CHILDREN
\zip36\clip\99\14\japansu.txt
Rate of suicides among children in Tokyo nearly doubles Seattle Times
May 4, 1999 p. A10 AP 74 under 18 vs 40 in 1998. 24 high school, 10
jr hi, 3 elementary, 37 late teens not in school. 45 male, 29 female.
"In japan, suicide is seen as an honorable way to escape life's
difficulties and a way to accept responsibility on the behalf of
others". 17.2 per 100,000 is among highest national rate.


@@Method


Suicide in the U.S.A.: 1994American Association of Suicidology.
\clip\98\04\suicide\SuicideStats.html

Methods of Suicide: Detailed (1994 data)

                              National Figures
            Method             Percent of Total (31,142      Number of
                                   suicides total)           Suicides
   Firearms and explosives              60.3%                 18,778
    Hanging, strangulation,
         suffocation                    15.2%                  4,745
    Solid & Liquid Poisons              10.4%                  3,229
         Gas Poisons                     6.6%                  2,044
      All Other Methods                  7.5%                  2,346

-----------------------------------------------------------

Most frequent suicide methods in Washington State in 1996:

Rank Number Method
1.   447    Guns
2.    98    Hanging
3.    90    Drugs
4.    58    Car Exhaust
5.    29    Jumping from height
6.    15    Suffocation
7.    13    Knives / Sharp Objects
8.     8    Drowning
9.     7    Jumping / Lying in front of moving object
10.    4    Fire

As cited by Seattle Times Feb 2, 1998 p. B2

Sources: state center for Health Statistics; analysis by
Seattle Times researcher Vince Kueter.


@@military

More soldiers die from suicide than from combat, but the rate
is lower than a comparable demographic in civilian life.

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washdc/ncsmon09.htm
z42\clip\2000\07\armysuic.txt USA Today 06/13/00 More soldiers are
committing suicide

24.0 civilian white male 20s
15.5 Army
15.0 Marine Corps
11.0 Navy
 5.6 Air Force

65 confirmed, 12 suspected suicides in 1999
In the Army, second-leading cause of death, after accidents, about 10
times as many troops have died at their own hand as from hostile
fire. 

\doc\95\04\milsuic.txt "Military conducting anti-suicide campaign"
Seattle Times 5/19/96 p.  A1 Neil A Lewis. Walter Reed Army Institute
says that the military ranges from 10 to 14 per 100,000 population,
no different than the general population, but study by Dr. Joseph
Rothberg in JAMA 1990 showed that for age, race and gender, the
suicide rate is much lower, probably due to focus and complete rate
of employment. F052496


@@Statistics


Suicide in the U.S.A.: 1994American Association of Suicidology.
\clip\98\04\suicide\SuicideStats.html

31,142 suicides per year in 1994 all but 6000 were men
Average of 1 person every 16.9 minutes killed themselves 
Average of 1 old person every 1 hour 27.6 minutes killed themselves 
Average of 1 young person every 1 hour 46.1 minutes killed themselves (If the 322 suicides below 
 age 15 are included, 1 young person every 1 hour 39.6 minutes) 
9th ranking cause of death in U.S.; 14th for old; 3rd for young 
4.2 male completions for each female completion 
Old made up 12.7% of 1993 population but committed 19.3% of the suicides 
Young were 13.8% of 1993 population and committed 15.9% of the suicides 

http://www.sfsuicide.org/stats.html
\clip\98\04\sfstat\stats.html
San Francisco Suicide Prevention Website 2/98

#8 cause of death
Men account for 80% of all suicides in the United States.
Generally, women are more likely than men to make suicide attempts, as over 50% of suicide
     attempts are made by women. However, men are much more likely to be successful at killing
     themselves as they choose more lethal methods of suicide. 


@@teen

SINCE 1950 CHILD HOMICIDE UP 3X SUICIDE UP 4X
Rand Corporation Children and Welfare: Investing in What Works (1997)
http://www.rand.org/publications/RRR/RRR.spring97.children/welfare.html
For children between 5 and 15, homicide rates have tripled and
suicide rates have quadrupled since 1950. (USA)

\clip\96\08\whoswho.txt AP 13-Nov-1996 Teenager Survey on Immigration
Issue Survey of "Who's Who Among American High School Students"

72% female
79% white
26% considered suicide
 4% tried suicide
10% date rape victims
25% of rape victims tried suicide

d:\doc\94\20\teensuic.wk1 - Teen suicide by Race
Overall W1.00 B-1.91 A-1.95
Male W1.00 B-1.83 A-1.57
Female W1.00 B-2.30

\doc\doc934\suicide.xls San Francisco Health Dept
            white   black   chinese other   total
    1988    130     14  1   4       6       162
    percent 0.80    0.09    0.09    0.04    1.00
    pop     0.46    0.11    0.18    0.27    
    index   1.74    -2.20   -3.55   -12.72  

\doc\doc938\lifeexpec.xls
    Source: World Health Organization                   
    Deaths per 100,000 people, 1985                 
                Heart           Lung    Stomach 
                Disease Strokes Cancer  Cancer  Suicide Index
    France      74.40   79.80   31.70   11.60   21.30  1.7
    Japan       45.00   123.60  25.00   42.90   19.60  1.6
    W Germany   167.00  104.50  34.60   18.80   18.60  1.5
    USA         229.80  62.80   52.00   6.10    12.20  1.0
    Britain     243.30  104.30  57.70   16.00   8.50  -1.43

doc938\death1.xls CA B-1.8 H-3.0 A-2.7 O-2.3 CA State rates

%%Asian

z39\clipim\99\12\12\pressure.efx Asian Youths feel pressure of two
cultures Boston Globe, sometime in 1985?  Cambodians and SE Asians
have high rate of suicide in high school and college. Most are
female, torn between strict Asian mores of no dating from Asian
culture, and loosening up from popular culture. 7 of 109 Cambodian
students at South Boston High attempted suicide one year.