\doc\web\index\success.htm
Jaime Escalante succeeded in taking barrio Hispanics and passing AP
calculus. Claude Steele took minorities at Stanford, who normally
score far below school average and made them perform above average.
...An approach like direct instruction, she said, "really dishonors
the professional craft of the teacher. Educators do not find in this
program, or any other package, the depth and breadth and the variety
of reading styles that they need to get all their kids to read and to
find reading purposeful and fun."
It's those teachers whose students are failing, or just getting by,
who need help. If programmed instruction stifles their ineffectual
"creativity" but enhances their children's academic success, is that
such awful music?
WESLEY DOES WELL BECAUSE IT HAS HIGH TEST RATE
e:\doc\web\99\01\wesley.txt
WESLEY ALSO EFFECTIVE IN G4-G5
\doc\web\98\10\wesley.txt Don
Crawford, Ph.D. donc@wce.wwu.edu composite scores for the ITBS from
1974-1986 show 5th graders at Wesley scoring at about grade 6.4.
This ought to be above the 50th percentile by most evaluations.
---Source is Field Report-On Track: Fifteen years of student
improvement-Wesley Elementary School, Houston, Texas. (1992)
Effective School Pracitce, 11(2) 1-3.
http://www.chron.com/content/interactive/special/schools/schoolstats96.cgi?mode=campus&district=HOUSTON_ISD&campus=WESLEY_EL
District: HOUSTON ISD
Campus: WESLEY EL
Address: 800 DILLARD ST
City: HOUSTON
Phone Number: (713) 696-2860
Wesley Wesley Greene League City
% passing TAAS 1995 1996 1996 1996
Reading 90 90 93 93
Math 80 88 89 93
Writing 99 100 100 96
AEIS Rating: RECOGNIZED ACCEPT RECOG
Stars: * * * * **** *** ****
Enrollment: 1126 701 567
Low Income: 84% 16% 33%
Minority: 99% 20% 29%
TAAS LEP Exemptions: 3 Demographics:
African-American: 1045 Anglo: 11 Asian: 1 Hispanic: 69 Native
American: 0 1126
Compare to
http://www.chron.com/content/interactive/special/schools/schoolstats96.cgi?mode=campus&district=CLEAR_CREEK_ISD&campus=GREENE_EL
District: CLEAR CREEK ISD
Campus: GREENE EL
Address: 2903 FRIENDSWOOD LINK RD
City: WEBSTER
Phone Number: (713) 482-0022
% passing TAAS 1995 1996
Reading 90 93
Math 84 89
Writing 98 100
AEIS Rating: ACCEPTABLE
Stars: * * *
Enrollment: 701 Low Income: 16% TAAS LEP Exemptions: 2 Demographics:
African-American: 53 Anglo: 558 Asian: 22 Hispanic: 68 Native
American: 0 Total: 701 Minority:
District: CLEAR CREEK ISD
Campus: LEAGUE CITY EL
Address: 709 EAST WILKINS
City: LEAGUE CITY
Phone Number: (713) 332-3562
% passing TAAS 1995 1996
Reading 92 93
Math 88 93
Writing 99 96
AEIS Rating: RECOGNIZED
Stars: * * * *
Enrollment: 567
Low Income: 33%
TAAS LEP Exemptions: 7
Demographics:
African-American: 31 Anglo: 398 Asian: 6 Hispanic: 131 Native American: 1
Date sent: Sun, 20 Dec 1998 08:46:05 +0000
From: Jimmy Kilpatrick Contents
What Makes a Successful School for Minorities? Basics! Not
Progressivism Not Integration
Success Spectrum
Percentile Scores
99 K Healthy Start academy North Carolina
94 K reading New Frontiers San Antonio TX
91 K6 Math Healthy Start Academy Durham NC
90 G4 Moten Wash DC
87 G4 reading Kreole El. Moss Point Mississippi
85 G4 math CTBS Zillah near Yakima WA
84 G6 math Portland Elementary, Portland AK
81 G1 reading Advantage schools, Worcester MA
81 math KIPP Academy Houston TX
79 G2 math Bennett Kew Inglewood CA
77 G3 Beacon Hill Elem Seattle WA
76 Chicago Catholic Schools
70 G3 math Barclay School Baltimore MD
56 G1 reading, Baltimore 2001
55 G3 math Thurgood Marshall, Seattle WA
55 K6 Zion Academy Seattle WA
45 G3 African American Academy Seattle WA
40 Seattle and suburbs, African American average
29 G1 Baltimore 1998
Summary - The Best Schools and Programs for UnderPerforming Minorities
College
-------
Martin Bosangue held a Calculus
workshop for Blacks and Hispanics with relatively low math SAT scors,
but they got higher GPAs in the course work than Asians or whites who
did not take the workshop
Georgia Tech reportedly produces high quality black engineers, same
graduation rate as whites
Xavier sends high numbers of blacks to medical schools
\clip\98\15\oppor.txt
http://www.policyreview.com/nov98/opportunity.html
Policyreview.com, November-December 1998 issue, No. 92
OPPORTUNITY WITHOUT PREFERENCE
By D.W. Miller
Colleges that set the standard for fostering black achievement
- Philip Uri Treisman has class for blacks in calculus. the six-year
graduation rate for blacks and Hispanics in the program equals the 64
percent rate for UT students overall, far higher than for UT blacks
overall (40 percent) and for UT Hispanics overall (45 percent).
- Georgia Tech The performance gap between minorities and whites in
engineering has been eliminated. For minority engineers at Georgia
Tech, the odds of graduating have risen to 70 percent, nearly double
the national average for minority students in engineering departments
and about the same as Georgia Tech students overall.
- Xavier University, a small liberal-arts college in New Orleans, has
a unique pedigree as the only private, Catholic, historically black
school in the country. It has emerged in recent years as the leading
supplier of black undergraduates to the nation's medical schools. In
addition, it also produces more black graduates in biology, physical
sciences, and chemistry and places more blacks in pharmacy schools
than any other college. More than 70 of the 1,100 blacks who entered
medical school in the fall of 1997 were Xavier alumni
- Every year a foundation affiliated with the College Board designates
about 800 of the nation's top black high school students "National
Achievement Scholars," based on SAT scores and high school records.
But for the last seven years, Florida A&M University, a once-obscure,
historically black public university in Tallahassee, has vied with
Harvard for the number-one spot. Last year, 59 of them came to FAMU.
High School
-----------
- Whitney Young Magnet High School in Chicago is 65% black or Hispanic,
yet ranks in the top 7% of high school statewide, top high school in
the city, top 0.5% in math statewide, and has an ACT score that is
the equal of the predominantly Chinese and Asian Lowell High School
in San Francisco.
- Jaime Escalante's "Stand and Deliver", also books "Best Teacher In
America" and the movie. Takes barrio Hispanic school and create a
winning class of AP Calculus kids. My high school didn't even offer
calculus in 1976
Elementary
----------
@@Advantage
FOR-PROFIT CHARTER SCHOOLS DELIVER 81-96 PERCENTILE SCORES
z39\clipim\2000\02\01\charter.tif
The Charter School Advantage Investor's Business Daily Feb 8, 2000
A24 Don Soifer. Advantage Schools is a for-profit charter based on
phonics and basic math skills. In Worcester Mass, Kindergarteners
scored in 96th and 93rd in reading on ITBS, 1st graders improved from
43rd (typical urban) to 81st percentile. Rocky Mount in North
Carolina 60% vs 36% state average in highest writing score, San
Antonio New Frontiers K= 94th percentile in 1st year, investors have
pumped in $35M as of March 1999.
@@AVID
AVID STEERS UNDERSERVED INTO 4 YR COLLEGE TRACK SUCCESSFULLY
\clip\98\16\avid.txt
http://www.latimes.com/sbin/iawrapper?NS-search-set=/36420/aaaa001ht420474&NS-doc-offset=84&NS-adv-search=1&
Wednesday, November 4, 1998 Upward bound at Hoover High School cited
for AVID program that helps challenged students make it to college.
By RODNEY TANAKA
"AVID targets underserved, low-income students, gives them guidance
and encourages them to reach their goal of attending four-year
colleges and universities."
"Sophomore Astine Suleimanyan started AVID last year during her
second semester, and her grades improved from "C"s and "D"s to "A"s
and "B"s. She took English as a Second Language in eighth grade, but
is enrolled this year in honors English and will take Advanced
Placement English as a junior."
* 92.8% of AVID graduates enroll in college. * 89% of them are still
in college two years later. * The four-year college acceptance rate
for AVID graduates is typically more than 60%; the nationwide average
is 35%.
@@Barclay School, Baltimore Maryland
By emulating a tough private school curriculum, which was criticized
by one administrator as "a rich man's curriculum" and "inappropriate
for African American children", scores have been raised from the 20th
percentile, typical of inner city minorities to above 50 and in some
cases 70.
Data
- tests scores have risen from 20th percentile to 50, sometimes 70th
- language up from below 30 to above 60.
- Economist reports 85th percentile, math , 80th percentile readin ts
administered as part of the Maryland School Performance Assessment
Program.
Skill Tested 1996 County State
Results Avg. Avg.
Reading 3rd Grade 23.1 11.2 35.3
Math 3rd Grade 20.5 8.7 38.7
Reading 5th Grade 12.5 10.9 33.7
Math 5th Grade 22.5 13.2 47.8
Barclay 3rd graders were about twice as high as county average, but
still trails state average.
\doc\web\96\06\stringf.txt Sam Stringfield, who did study of Barclay
comments on value-added vs. schools that just get the best kids.
\priv\96B\03\BARCOLD.HTM THE SUN J.R.L. STERNE, Editorial Page
Editor Monday, December 26, 1994 JOHN S. CARROLL, Editor Teaching the
Old-Fashioned Way At the Barclay School, this "old-fashioned"
approach has produced students who consistently score at or above the
national average in reading and comprehension. .. it keeps repeating
exercises until the student gets the spelling and syntax right. The
reading program is a mixture of children's classics and phonics.. The
problen is that it is costly - and that Calvert is not enthusiastic
about over- extending its resources.
file:C:\priv\96B\03\BARCLAY2.HTM Published by the Johns Hopkins
University Center for Research on Effective Schooling for
Disadvantaged Students, Baltimore MD. Stringfield, Samuel (1994).
Fourth-Year Evaluation of the Calvert School Program at Barclay
School.
\priv\96B\03\BARCLAFT.HTM By Albert Shanker, President The American
Federation of Teachers A Baltimore Success Story Barclay is 94
percent minority and its students come mostly from poor
African-American families. Eighty-two percent are eligible for free
or reduced-price lunch The average reading scores for Baltimore
students in grades 2 to 4 were between the 35th and 40th percentile;
the average scores for Barclay students were in the low 20th
percentile. Now, according to a fourth-year evaluation of the
program by Sam Stringfield, a Johns Hopkins University researcher,
Barclay reading scores are "consistently at or above the 50th
percentile, and, in one case, approach the 70th percentile"--a gain
of 30 to 50 points. Language arts and writing scores, which were
consistently below the 30th percentile, are now above the 60th
percentile
\priv\96B\03\BARCL50.HTM A SYSTEM OF HIGH STANDARDS: WHAT WE MEAN AND
WHY WE NEED IT. AT THE BARCLAY SCHOOL IN BALTIMORE, Maryland, where
virtually all of the students receive free lunches, teachers use a
very specific, challenging curriculum. (It is the same curriculum
used by the prestigious, private Calvert School, whose students come
from much wealthier families.) After four years of using this
curriculum, reading scores which had been under the thirtieth
percentile are now at or above the fiftieth.
\priv\96B\03\BARCCHOI.HTM "IMPROVING PUBLIC EDUCATION BY CHOICE" I
think of the Barclay School and Carter G. Woodson Elementary. The two
schools have adopted the rigorous private school Calvert School
curriculum, with funding provided by the Abell Foundation. With its
strict back-to-basics approach and heavy emphasis on writing skills,
the curriculum has exceeded expectations for raising student
achievement
>>f121495: \doc\95\14\barclay.txt "A better idea" The Economist Dec
2, 1995 p. 23 Barclay public school in Baltimore Md. emulates a
tough private school to achieve 85 percentile math, 80 reading scores
with 90% black students, 82% free lunch who previously were scoring
20-30 percentile. Superintendent was fired who had opposed "rich
black man's curriculum" inappropriate for poor students. It used lots
of homework, drilling, spelling tests, world history, literature, and
art, and must be adept at writing reports, creative essays and
letters by the age of 11. (85% is good enough to get into the
University of California system, or UC Berkeley with affirmative
action) , = 116 IQ. Its also equal to Seattle area's Mercer Island,
which has the best test scores in Washington state and is almost
entirely affluent whites and Asians.
\priv\96\02\failpriv.txt The New Republic 1/29/1996 p. 10 Failures in
school Privatization. LEARNING CURVE By Elissa Silverman Five years
ago, Barclay's principal, Gertrude Williams, had to fight both the
teachers' union and the former city schools superintendent to bring
the Calvert school approach to her public school, but it alas paid
off. Calvert focuses on the substance of traditional subjects like
phonics, spelling, grammar, reading, writing and math rather than on
test preparation, experimental teaching methods or even computers.
Their test scores consistently exceed the city average.
web: http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/1JOHN.HTM
priv\96\04\barclay.htm John Leo US News and World Report April 1,
1996 On Shakespeare and Spiderman. Barclay has no nonsense vs.
gobbledygook liberal standards. Doesn't mention it's nearly all black
kids normally at the 20th percentile
@@Bell, A.G Lake Washington
A.G. Bell claims 90% proficient
at 2nd grade, 90% of kindergarteners above the 80th percentile by
giving K kids 45 min worth of reading and writing homework every
night all year. Homework typical is 12 sentences with no pictures,
with comprehension questions. Kindergarten Reading Companion.
@@Inglewood
@@Bennett-Kew Inglewood CA
Reservations about Kew Scores in
Bennett-Kew drop regularly with each year. Second graders in 1998
scored 60 on SAT9 reading, then fell to 58 the next year, and to 52
the next. Third graders in 1998 also scored 60 on SAT9 reading, and
fell to 57 the next year and 49 the next. This pattern is true for all
of Bennett-Kew's test results since the SAT9 was introduced. The
lowest scores are still very good for a school with Bennett-Kew's
profile, but the decline is of concern.
z47\clip\2001\01\povach.txt
New York Times January 3, 2001 Poverty and Achievement, and Great
Misconceptions By RICHARD ROTHSTEIN
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/03/national/03LESS.html Consider
Bennett-Kew Elementary School in Inglewood, Calif., a "No Excuses"
school. Its pupils are in the lunch program, but 30 percent have
parents who graduated from college, a rate higher than the national
average; 12 percent have parents with graduate degrees. Bennett-Kew
may be terrific, but can schools filled with the children of high
school dropouts learn much from it?
z41\clip\2000\05\ingle.txt
http://www.latimes.com/news/state/updates/lat_ingl000430.htm SUNDAY
REPORT April 30, 2000 Inglewood Writes Book on Success Its elementary
(Bennet Kew, Kelso) schools draw experts studying how poor, minority
students get test scores as high as those in Beverly Hills. Keys
include phonics, constant testing and intensive teacher training.
Inglewood's elementary students__virtually all Latino or African
American__have produced Stanford 9 test scores that equal levels
found in more upscale cities. In some cases, the Inglewood schools
register math scores surpassing those in largely white enclaves of
affluence such as Irvine, Malibu and Beverly Hills. Although
Bennett_Kew has received more acclaim, Kelso, a year_round school,
has quietly assumed the top rank in the district.
Cited by Mathematically Correct, IBD
\clip\99\11\inner.txt MODEL SCHOOLS IN INNER CITIES? New Studies Show
Poor Kids Excel Using Basics Investors Business Daily 5/17/99 Author:
Anna Bray Duff Bennett- Kew, Inglewood, Calif. Nearly four in five
students at this elementary school are poor, and a third have limited
English skills. The school is one of the top performing elementary
schools in Los Angeles County.
Bennett-Kew scores 62-81 with 98% minority 70% poor
1997 Inglewood CA
\doc\web\98\06\benkew.txt
Test Scores
The test is CAT-5 and the numbers are NCE, which is essentially percentile
GRADE
1 2 3 4 5
Math 62 79 81 75 68
Standards and Curriculum - Direct Instruction, Open Court, old
pre-1992 fuzzy math standard texts.
@@Black Private School
z38\clipim\99\11\13\blkpriv.efx Strength in Diversity Black Private
Schools John Hood Current June 1991 Monroe Saunders Schools Baltimore
Sheenway School and Culture Center Los Angeles "If experience at
these schools is any guide, ed reform efforts based on state mandates
and higher spending are doomed"
Sheenway has no rigid class times or official grade levels.
90% of Xavier Prep in New Orleans students go on to college
Laurinburg Institute North Carolina found in 1904
87% of graduates since 1950s have completed 4 years of college
Many not only have nearly 100% minority enrollment but
consider it crucial to their program. Coleman found that
even after adjusting for family background, Catholic schools
had better test scores and lower drop out than public
schools.
@@Boston
\clip\99\01\malden.txt
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/990118/18bost.htm
[U.S. News Online]
Cover Story 1/18/99
METRO BOSTON
At Malden Catholic High School outside Boston the search for
excellence begins with careful recruiting and cultivation of new
faculty. It ends with loyal and . . . Seasoned Teachers BY HOLLY
HOLLAND "Malden Catholic's teachers move the entire student body
through a rigorous curriculum, and more than 9 of 10 students go on
to college."
CHARTER SCHOOLS DEMONSTRATE 58% OVER GRADE LEVEL IN 1 YEAR WITH POOR
STUDENTS. "Schools at the top of the hill" Economist Feb 22, 1997 p.
27. F050597-1 At City on a Hill in Boston, 38% performed expected
math when they arrived, a year later, 58% could. 55% were more than
two years behind in reading compared to 39% a year later.
Neighborhood House test scores looked more like a suburb than the
inner city. Boston Renaissance school has 63%, Neighborhood House
66% poor children. Schools are not allowed to select on the basis of
ability.
@@Brighton High School Massachusetts
VIETNAMESE BILINGUAL HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM HAS 90% COLLEGE RATE
z39\clipim\99\12\12\brighton.gif Boston Globe March 5, 1989 Ruth Ann
Weinstein letter to ed Brighton High school reading scores among top
5 in city, totally integrated bilingual Vietnamese program has 90%
attending post-secondary edcucation
@@Brooklyn
"Scores Count At This School" Readers Digest Feb 1997 by Sandra
Mosle(from New York Times Magazine Sept 8, 1996) Micheal A Johnson
sets high standards for his students at Science Skills Center public
high school in Brooklyn, N.Y. He makes his students practice on the
PSAT. Billydee Flynn entered reading at the 26th percentile, and rose
to the 85th percentile on the citywide reading test in only one year.
Educational reforms that don't emphasize direct instruction in basic
skills don't serve poor students well. F031197
@@Catholic - see %%Catholic Schools
Catholic schools are famous for producing good results at low cost even
with inner city children
\clip\99\03\cath.txt INVESTOR'S BUSINESS DAILY 1/25/99 THE MAGIC OF
CATHOLIC SCHOOLS How Poor Inner-City Kids Learn More at Less Cost by
Michael Chapman In inner cities, Catholic schools beat public schools
hands down. Nationwide, the average Catholic-school tuition is
$2,178; at some schools its less than $1,200. In contrast, the
average per-pupil expense at public schools is $6,459, 10,000 in wa
dc "High School Achievement: Public and Private Schools," by James
Coleman and Thomas Hoffer. It's viewed as the top reference book
comparing public and private schools.
rand study of ny mostly minority high schools
* Catholic schools graduated 95% of their students, compared with only 50%
of students for public schools.
* Two-thirds of Catholic-school graduates received the New York State
Regents diploma for completing a college prep program. Only 5% of
public-school grads got the diploma.
* Eighty-five percent of Catholic high-school graduates took the SAT.
One-third of public high-school grads took the test.
* Kids in Catholic schools performed, on average, one grade level higher
than their counterparts in public schools.
St. Gregory the Great grammar school in New York City lo-inc minority
In 1995, 62% of the third-graders there were reading above the
minimal standard, and 92% were working above the standard in math.
Tuition is $1,800.
A 1997-98 report from the Ohio Catholic Conference compared the annual
per-student costs of public and Catholic schools in three major cities. In
Cleveland, the costs were $7,409 and $3,476, respectively; in Cincinnati,
$6,881 and$3,654; and in Columbus, $6,418 and $3,232.
do public schools, Shokraii-Rees says. And while 13% of white public
schoolers drop out, only 2% of white students drop out of Catholic schools.
Fewer blacks and Hispanics leave Catholic schools early as well. The
dropout rates for blacks and Hispanics in public schools are 17% and 9% ,
respectively. At Catholic schools the rates are 4.6% and 9.3%.
\priv\96b\08\cathmira.htm Wall Street Journal July 17, 1996 The
Invisible Miracle Of Catholic Schools By SOL STERN City Journal,
Summer 1996 Catholic schools in NYC are now mostly minority, but kids
perform 1 year ahead of public schools, challenge the city to send
their bottom 5%. A landmark 1982 study by education scholars James
Coleman, Thomas Hoffer, and Sally Kilgore, for instance, demonstrated
that Catholic-school students were one grade level ahead of their
public-school counterparts in mathematics, reading, and vocabulary. A
study by Andrew Greeley revealed that the differences between
Catholic-school and public-school performance were greatest among
students from the most disadvantaged backgrounds. Catholic 60%
minority NYC SATs are 815 vs. 900 US avg and 642 for neighborhood
schools. 75% took the SAT.
@@Charter Schools
Some charter schools are very good, but as a group, their test scores
in Arizona and in Texas are lower than average.
http://www.arthurhu.com/arthurhu/index/success.htm#marvacollins
@@Collins, Marva
Wildly praised black inner city miracle educator from Chicago who
quit public schools to start her own school based on phonics and back
to basics. She was the subject of a TV movie and 60 minutes. Her name
is given to a charter schools program.
Some IQ proponents say she really hasn't done anything to raise
actual IQs. Her detractors also include progressive educators who
believe you must attack racism and poverty first, not academics.
Others say she has little in actual test score data to show the
improvements claimed, and that she serves middle class kids.
Tip - Lots of hits on search engines on this lady
%%Against
Marva Collins Hoax
%%For
z56\clip\2002\07\marva.txt
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel on July 22, 2002
Educator tells schools to stop using her name
Mediocrity won't be tolerated, Collins says; educators say she wants money
By FELICIA THOMAS-LYNN
of the Journal Sentinel staff
Last Updated: July 21, 2002
Marva Collins - the educator who made a national reputation from
Chicago by not giving up on children others thought couldn't be
educated - is demanding that dozens of schools bearing her name or
using her methods "cease and desist" or face lawsuits.
http://www.learntolearn.co.uk/education/MC%20excerpts.htm
Excerpts from Marva Collins
"Our children are not the culprits; they are the victims. My twenty years of
experience in education have convinced me that children want to learn and
can learn. Provide them with the right environment, the right motivation and
the right material and children will demonstrate their natural ability to
excel."
z40\clipim\2000\03\27\marva\marva.htm South Bend Tribune -- February
12, 1998 MARVA COLLINS Marva Collins: Excellence must be focus for
teachers By MARGARET FOSMOE Tribune Staff Writer [photo]
CLAIMS STUDENTS 2-3 YEARS AHEAD OF GRADE LEVEL
z40\clip\2000\03\marvcol.txt
http://www.heartland.org/education/feb98/marva.htm
School Reform News
Marva Collins to Expand Program to Milwaukee
New teacher training program established in Chicago
At the relocated Marva Collins Preparatory School in Chicago, the
Iowa Test of Basic Skills showed that three- and four-year-old
students scored at 1st- and 2nd-grade levels, with some scoring at
3rd- and 4th-grade levels. In the 7th and 8th grade, the lowest score
was 10.9 (almost high school junior level) and the highest score was
12.9 (college freshman level).
MARVA COLLINS CLAIMS STUDENTS WERE 5 GRADE LEVELS HIGHER BY YEAR END
http://www.tdo.com/news/breaking/docs/30COLLIN-CMP-NWS.htm
Tallahassee Democrat April 30, 1999 Educator: It's time to teach a
new way Marva Collins addresses teachers, administrators and students
at FAMU. By Kathleen Laufenberg DEMOCRAT STAFF WRITER "At the end of
the first year, every child scored at least five grade levels higher
than at the beginning of the year. " Comment - Blacks are usually
2-3 years behind in inner cities, this would put them 2 years ahead,
affluent suburb level. This is not out of line with 80th percentile
performance claimed at Houston Wesley or Baltimore Barclay schools.
There is an informative story on the
Marva Collins school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Mary Zahn, a reporter
for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, who spent a semester as a
teaching assistant at the school.
http://www.jsonline.com/news/edu/marva
_The Raising of Intelligence_ (1986) by Herman Spitz
questions the record of collins with respect to raising IQ