@@Contents
My view is that the Bible was written by people who wrote what they
knew. The Genesis version of the creation and the flood appear to be
variations on the Sumerian and Babylonian legends of the city where
Abraham's family lived. It's not likely that if God told Abraham
about the Big Bang, radioactive decay, or the process of mutation and
natural selection it would have been written down. There is no reason
to believe that the accuracy of the rest of the bible which is based
on actual witnesses is made invalid because the first page was based
on what was widely believed at the times.
Philosophically, I have less problem with people who simply taking it
on faith the world was created in 6 days 6000 years gao than people
who attempt to misuse science discredit science. It seems to come down
to whether you have the "faith" to accept that light travels and
materials decay at a constant rate, and that materials take millions
of years to deposit layers of strata, or discard whatever evidence it
takes to uphold an interpretation of scripture.
You can't reject just Darwinism, you have to reject the entire
science of geology, the notion of radioactive dating, dating by
strata, dating meteor strikes, the rise and fall of dinosaurs, the
appearance of life chemicals 3 billion years ago and progression /
evolution of life forms whether by mutation or continuous creation,
most of astronomy, and anything else science has to say about
anything that happened more than 6,000 years ago, which is a lot. You
even have to reject fairly simple concepts such as counting tree
rings, ice cores, or layers of algae at a bottom of a lake which all
result in dates from 20-40,000 years without resort to "unreliable"
dating methods.
As far as education policy goes, it is immoral to require compulsory
attendence to learn what is contrary to one's religious beliefs,
whether or not somebody like me think they can prove evolution is
science or creation science is not. Even debating the topic can be
disrepectful of another's religion. I don't smoke, I don't own guns,
and I don't believe in scientific creationism, but I defend the right
of Americans to exercise their rights and conscience even if it is
different than mine.
Hovind says that they are just big reptiles, when the earth was young,
reptiles don't stop growing, so they get really big.
Conventional geologists believe each layer of strata was laid down at
the bottom of the seas during different eras separated by millions of
years of time.
Earth revealed - 19th century named the strata in relative sequence.
Fossils always show up in the same sequence and strata, original
horizontality holds sediments were originally horizontal. Later radio
dating consistent with earlier estimates and ordering. Cambrian and
other layers named for sites where things were found
http://www.kjvbible.org/
Christian Geology Ministry
When you honestly think through all these considerations, it becomes
quite clear that the fossils of the earth's sedimentary rock layers
have been there a long, long time. Those creatures were dead and
buried and the strata was already present on the planet when we find
the earth void and without form at Genesis chapter 1, verse 2. No
other interpretation meets all the criteria of truth.
\zip36\clipim\99\08\24\SedimentLayers.htm
http://ww2.customcpu.com/mgroseth/origins/SedimentLayers.html
Sediment layers Origins of the Column The standard geological column
is composed of 10 layers or strata; the Cambrian, Ordovician,
Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic,
Cretaceous, and Tertiary. The standard geological column was first
devised by catastrophists and scientific creationists prior to 1860.
Approximately 77% of the earth's surface area has 7 or more of the 10
strata missing; approximately 94% of the earth's surface has 3 or
more strata missing; and approximately 99.6% has at least 1 strata
missing. Only few locations, like west Nepal, west Bolivia and
central Poland, actually contain all 10 strata.
Hovind evolution debate "It's a big hoax" There is no such thing
as a index fossil. It all happened over a few months. Clams live
on the bottom, birds will end up on top. It's only found in textbooks
All of the layers of the earth are the same age.
The most popular alternative in 20th century America is the Biblical
account given in its entirety on the first page of the Bible, usually
in conjunction with the story of Noah and the great flood Though the
Bible doesn't have much to say on the topic, Chrisians, mostly
fundamentalists, have created volumes of arguments that the literal
interpretation, that the earth was created in 7 days 6,000 years ago,
and that all men, women, and creatures are descendents of those on
the ark, is true. It is widely believed that there is no evidence to
support any belief in evolution, a planet or universe more than 6,000
years old.
How Genesis is like Scientific Evolution
Tony Smith's
Timeline
EVOLUTION TIMELINE
also see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_life
http://www.arthurhu.com/index/evol.htm
Evolution time line time before present
----------------------------------------------------
NO OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE OF ANYTHING BEFORE THIS TIME!
-----------------------------------------------------
IN THE BEGINNING
THE BIG BANG
10^-34 sec universe 10^-33 cm in size, 10 ^32 deg
10^-5 formation of protons and neutrons from quarks
1 sec electrons
3 min helium nuclei
300,000 yr helium hydrogen atoms, visible light
10M first galaxies
400M Red infant galaxy in Hubble ultra deep field aweek 3/15/2004 p. 20
1 million sec exposure
750M Abell 2218 lensed object 25x bright by red shift awk 2/23/2004
1B first stars, quasars galaxies
1B Hubble Deep Field
time from beginning of time
-----------------------------------------------------
time before present
12-16B big bang creation - hubble constant, red shift
16B age of milky way galaxy britannica.com
15B farthest Quasars observable from ground
15B farthest observed galaxy - Hubble red shift
14B 2001 estimate of age of universe
13.5B Gravitational lensing at forming galaxy
12B Farthest cluster of galaxies
13B Oldest stars in Milky Way
7B Oldest observable galaxies from ground
5B? Supernova blows, forming solar system
4.5B Nuclear fires of sun ignited
4.5B+10K Earth begins forming
4.5B Rock from mars - radio date
4.5B+10M Earth reached 64% of present size [5]
4.5B+30M Earth struck by mars-sized object [5]
4.5B+50M Original age of earth from crust rock [5]
4.6B Meteorite with amino acids
4.6B Earth, meteors, solar system and sun - radio, star model
4.4B Moon crust - radio date
4.3B Earth forms layers atmosphere
4.0B Bombardment by planetesimals stops
4-2.5 Archaen Eon Prokaryotes (no nucleus) 1 cell organisms
3.9B Mars rock with bacteria-like magnetite
3.9B 15 hour day, moon 4x apparent size, sun 75% bright
3.8B Earth crust solidifies, oceans form
3.8B Fe3O4 Magnetite ferrous Banded Iron
formations begin to be formed by bacteria.
3.8B Oldest US rocks - radiodate Rhodesian-Kaapvaal craton
3.5B Fossilized prokaryotes
3.5B First bacteria fossils - radiodate/strata
3.5B Stromatolites, limestone with algae
3.5B Photosynthesis
2.5B 5 continents NAm, Europe, Siberia, China, Gondwanaland
2.5-.57 Proterozoic Eon Eukaryotes with cell nucleus and membrane
2.4B Rise in oxygen stop uraninites, starts iron
2.2B Earth is iceball down to 11 deg of equator
1.7B Bottom of Grand Canyon laid down
1.5B Multicellular organisms
1.4B Shungite coal from algae laid down
1B Youngest stars in Milky Way
1B Pikes peak rock (radiodate)
640M Large soft organisms - radio, strata
600M Glacial age
570-500M Cambrian Period
570M Trilobite fossils
544M Phanerozoic / Paleozoic Era - visible life
540M Cambrian - explosion of hard body animals,
520M Pikaia worm with stiff back cord
500-435 Ordovican Period primitive land life
500 Vertebrates - fish
470 Oaklahoma bromide trilobites
470 Jawless fish, no front fin Pteraspis
440 1st great extinction
435 Silurian Period 1st plants and insects on land
435 Ice age
430 Coated algae live on land
420 Water scorpion
420 Millipedes 1st land animals
410M Silurian - jawed fish
408 Spore bearing plants
400M Flying insects burke museum
400M All major fish groups burke scary fishes
380 Cherirolepis oldest ray fin in lake burke
375 Lungfish with lungs, lobe fins burke
fin structure similar to modern human
375 Eastmanosteus jawed fish burke
375 Bothriolepis first common freshwater fish burke
375 Appalacian mountains
375 Sharks
375 Fern trees proto vonifers burke
370 2nd great extinction
410-360 end devonian, low oxygen inoceans killing most fish burke
360 Land animals with limbs appear
360 Early armoured fish no jaw extinct burke
350 Amphibians
350 Ferns - rooted plants
310 Reptiles live out of water
300M Longest ice age
300M Winged insects
2-300M Pangea, dinosaurs emerged
286M Conifers appear
255M Permian greatest extinction of all time
Trilobites died
85% of plants animals die
Ray fin fishes survive
250M Top layer of Grand canyon
245M Mesozoic Era
230M Roaches Termites
228M Euroaptor 1st dinosaur
225M Modern ferns Bees
210M Early mammals
200M Pangea breaks apart
200M Rock dating limit, dating gap
200M Crocodiles, Mammals
163M Dinos, Ammonoids peak
150M Ice age cycle time
145M Archaepteryx first bird
140M Apto(bronto)sauus
140M Stegosaurus
136M Kangaroos
130M Flowering plants
120M Snakes
100M Cranes
100M Fossil sturgeon
100M N cascades meets n america burke
95M Ammonite pre nautilus
70M Tyranasaurus
6-70M Rocky Mountains form
65M Yucatan meteor strike
65M Cenozoic era - modern life, continents
65M Great dinosaur extinction
End of marine reptiles, ammonites
60M Rats Mice Squirrels
56M Carnivora - leads to cats, dogs
45-50 freshwater herring Knightia most common fish fossil
40M Cascades erupt in NW N.America
40M Earliest link to primates
37M Cats appear
35M Grand Canyon river is on plain
28M Koalas
20M Chimpanzee Hominids
20M Start to cut Grand Canyon
18M-6m E washington basalt lava
6M-7M Human and apes shared ancestor (Ardi)
6M Columbia River Plateau
6M "Millenium Man" first hominid Kenya 2000
5.5M Australopithecus in Africa
5M-50K Neandertal found in Africa?
4.5-6M men diverge from apes (DNA)
4.4M Ardi
4.4M Earliest manlike creatures
4.4M 1994 ethiopia human-like teeth
4.4M Ardipithecus ramidus apelike hominid
3.9-3M Australopithecus afarensis "Lucy", upright chimpanzee
3.8M Tanzania homonid footprints walking
3.2M 1970's Lucy skull
2.8M Leaky 1973 skull
2.7M Lucy splits into africanus, aethipicus, homo?
2.5M enters current ice age
2.5M stone tools Homo Habilis pre-human
2.5M Genus homo found
2.3M Andromeda Galaxy image
1.8M Olduvai gorge ash, early man, radio
1.8M Ice at poles, ice age starts
1.8M-50K Homo Erectus, hunts, builds fire
1.7M First Homo ergaster found out of Africa
1.6M Earliest evidence of homo erectus fire
1.5M Swartkrans S.A. cave oldest human controlled fire
1.5M Hand axe
1.5M Leakey finds Erectus, Habilis, Australopithecus @same time
1.5M Human exodus from Africa to Europe Asia (Last Neaderthal)
1M Homo erectus fire
750K Definitely controlled fire
700K Last reversal of magnetic poles
700k Ice ages begin
600k Zinjanthropus 1961
600k Nanjing Man 580-620 Homo Erectus
500K Java Man (epic of man)
500K Neanderthal and modern man diverge
400K Torralba animal kill site, live in huts, no language
400K Chellean man
400K Peking Man 4/5 modern brain size
350K Simple symbolic thought / art
300K Oldest ice core data
250K Fire widespread
240K Small Magellanic Cloud image
200K Polar Bears evolved ABC news
200K Transition Homo Erectus - HSapiens
200K Arrow heads, harpoons, bows arrows, skin scrapers for clothing
200K Africans split from other humans
200K East Africa settled [6]
200K Mitochondrial Eve (Last Neanderthal)
180K Neanderthal emerges
160K Vladivostock ice core
150K Eve, common mother to all modern humans [eve1]
130K "Pathfinder" found on way out of Africa
120K-0 Homo sapiens leave Africa
110K Euro/Mongoloid split from Africans
100K Kohsian in Southern Africa diverged [6]
100K Potassium Argon dating to billions yr. Dating gap to 50k yrs.
100K Symbolic art blossoms
100K Light Diameter of Milky Way
100K Homo Sapiens reaches middle east
100K Last Homo Erectus "Java" man
50-100K Homo sapiens (Modern races of man)
80K Homo Sapiens leave Africa [mead]
80K Blombos middle stone age cave
75K Toba Eruption - ice age
75K Humans fall from 100,000 to 1,000 (BBC, diputed)
70K West Africa settled [6]
60K Mungo Man oldest DNA, looks, but not related to moderns
60K Australian aborigines - oldest living culture
traveled by boat. Sea Level 250 feet below present
55K Oldest rock painting Australia
10-50K Europeans from 4 mtDNA lines from South Asia
50K Middle East, Southeast Asia, Australia settled [6]
50K Limit of Carbon dating, dating gap to 100,000 years.
Any living thing with less C14 is older than 50K yrs.
50K Meteor Crater Arizona
50K Oldest rocks on Mt St. Helens
47K Neanderthal mammoth tooth carving
45K People bury their dead
45K Japan Lake algae C14 dating
41K NE Asians split from Caucasians
40K Hamster / Mouse dating method Middle East
40K Cro-Magnon Culture, less nomadic
40K Humans found siberia N China
40K NativeAm Asian gene clock diverge
40K Brazil charcoal
40K Limit of Greenland ice core layers
40K Human art, paintings
35K Rock paintings Tanzania THRace 14
35K First Mt St. Helens Eruptions
32K Ivory horse, oldest animal carving
30K East Asia, Siberia settled [6]
30K Symbols in paintings (pre-writing)
29K Oldest C14 + Tree ring dating
28K Blades in China similar to Meadocroft
27K Last known Neandertal remains
27K Oldest woven cloth
25K Human pop 100,000
25K Brazil cave paintings
25k seas start to lower for Bering bridge
25k bone needles
20-25k Genetic evidence of Bering Bridge crossing [mead]
20K Southern Europe settled [6]
20K Oldest dated tree Huon Pine Tasmania
20K Ice age warms towards present - 3
20k saber tooth cat la brea burke
16k Meadowcroft site in Pennsylvania similar to China [mead]
15k North America settled [6]
15k wolf domesticated in Asia
14k meadowcroft pa site dates
14k southmost glacier in Wa state
14k Montana ice dams flood E Wash
13K bering land bridge crossing (traditional)
12K South America settled [6]
12K SeaTac airport ground sloth Burke museum
12K Mesolithic nomadic hunter gather (Stone Age)
12K Mongolians cross into N America
12K goats domesticated for milk
12K coral C14 calibration
11K Mastodons large mammals extinct
10K Oldest copper Turkey
10-12K Near east agriculture
10K Oldest sandals found in Oregon
10K Neolithic middle east revolution
10K End of last ice age - 3
10K Mesopotamia tokens for accounting
10K Complete tree ring history
10K oldest man site in US C14
10K cows domesticated
10K Neolithic - farming, domestication
10K TBT Human population 5 million
9,500 Jericho established ThumanRace p17
9,400 tree ring c14 calibration
9,400 Nevada mummy, oldest N.Am
9,300 Kennewick Man WA, non-Mongolian
9,000 evidence of dance
9,000 Mongolians wipe out SAm Australians
8,200 Copper tools
8,000 End cro-magnon
8,000 1st ag settlements Korea http://infoplease.lycos.com/ipa/A0107686.html
8,000 Cats, humans, mice on Cyprus domesticated from mild to wild
8,000 Pottery in Jerico THumanRace p17
7,500 Mount Mazama Crater Lake eruption ash layer
7,000 Irrigation
7,000 Copper mining Balkans
7,000 Rice in China, earliest settlements
7,000 Catal Huyuk S. Turkey Stone Age
7,000 Sumerian farming villages
7,000 Corn C. America
6,800 Earliest Egyptian/Badarian culture
6,500 Copper used
6,640 Crater Lake / Mazama explosion C14
6,200 Xia earliest Chinese civilization
6,000 Copper age Europe - 4,400
6,000 Oldest european plow
-----------------------------------------------------
-- time before 6,000 impossible- 6-day young earth creationists
-----------------------------------------------------
6,000 Sumerians document constellations
6,004 Creation Archbishop Usher
Day 1: light
Day 2: water and sky
Day 3: dry land and plants and trees
Day 4: Sun, Moon, stars visible
Day 5: Water and sky creatures
Day 6: land animals, man
Day 7: rest
5,761 Creation according to Hebrew Calendar
5,743 Adam and Eve-2
5,700 Wheel invented probably Sumeria TBTimeline
5,500 Sumer accounts on clay tablets, 1st civilization
5,500 Cities rise on nile
5,500 Cities in Indus Valley
5,500 Farmers use cattle to pull carts in Europe
5,500 Babylon people first settle
5,400 TBT Major flood inundates city of Ur. 8ft layer of silt found
5,200-4,900 Sumerian flood myth
5,200 Sumerians build Towers (of Babel?)
5,200 Zurich oldest maple wheel
5,050 First Egyptian dynasties
5,000 100M world population
5,000 Sahara expands soil overgrazed
5,000 Assryians use block wheel from Mesopotamia
5,000 Athens first settled in Greece
5,000-6k Wheel invented
5,000 Alps Iceman died with copper axe
5,000 Indus
5,000 Copper, Bronze age
5,000-5,500 Horse bones with evidence of bit
5,000 Sumeria collapses
5,000 Neolithic farming in Europe
5,000 Early Indian civilization
5,000 rise of Hebrew, Semitic languages-1
4,900 Stonehenge I built - ditch posts
4,879 Mythological founding of Vietnam
4,700 silk dicovered in china
4,700 Gilgamesh, King of Uruk in Babylonia.
4,700 Pyramids of Giza
4,600 Indus Valley civilization
4,600 Chinese Calendar started
4,500 North China farming
4,500 Actual Crab Nebula explosion
4,500 Bronze age britain - carts, bridges, forts
4,400 oldest writing on papyrus
4,300 Choson culture in Korea http://infoplease.lycos.com/ipa/A0107686.html
-----------------------------------------------
4,285 TBT Flood comes
4,217 Noah's flood, one language, one race-2
hydrosphere contained water in sky
atmosphere had much more oxygen
oil created
entire planet covered by water to highest mtn
all strata laid down
all races, species micro-evolve
salt water oceans
salt water fish adapt in 1 year
grand canyon, niagra, mississippi delta forms
complete ice cap forms
------------------------------------------------
4,000 Books of old testament are written
4,000 Tower of babel, all languages created
4,000 Gilgamesh written onto tablets
4,000 Malays drive out aborigines from SE Asia
3,850 Abraham journeys to Canaan, the first Jew/Arab
3,700 Jews arrive in Egypt
3,700 Last Mastadons Wrengel Island Siberia
3,600 End of Stonehenge work
3,500 Shang dynasty earliest evidence of dyn
chinese writing developed
3,500 Phoenician alphabet
3,500 Book of Genesis written by Moses
3,400 Writing in China on bones
3,400-500 Moses
3,250 Moses leads Israel out of Egypt-1
Ten commandments
3,220-3,200 Joshua invades Canaan-1
3,200 Fall of Jericho-1
3,000 Iron age (THumanRace) Egypt
3,000 Evidence camels domesticated-1
3,000 Written Hebrew-1
3,000 Maya numbers heiroglyphs
2,800 Mesopotamians determined ecliptic
2,800 Greeks adopt phonenician alphabet, add vowels
2,600 Chaldeans exile jews, bible written?
2,500 Ezra assembles books of hebrew bible
2,500 King Nebuchadnezzar II Tower of Babel
2,200 Chinese script resembles 4K old Afghanistan script
2,200 Septuagint Greek translation of hebrew bible
2,000 0 AD Christianity
2,000 Water wheels to mill grain
1,750 250 Ptolemy uses epicycles to explain planet motion
1,430 570 Muhammed born
1,400 Punctuation / Reading invented
1,200 800 Vikings start raids
1,100 Iron produced
1,000 1054 Crab Nebula explodes
1325 Zenith of Ethiopian civilization
1492 Columbus sails to New World
1543 Copenicus dies, put sun at center
1610 Galileo telescope: Jupiter moons, phase of venus
1611 King James Bible
210 1788 Hutton sedimentary theory
1700s Herschel proposes disk like Milky Way
200 1800 Industrial Age
1800 Parallax used to measure star distance
1800 Earth dated at millions of years from fossil layers
150 Sumer creation tale translated
1856 Neanderthal man unearthed
141 1859 Darwin proposes evolution
1905 Rutherford theory radioactive dating
1912 Wegener: Continents as puzzle pieces
1912 V.M. Slipher: Andromeda radial velocity measured as extra galactic [4]
87 1913 Wright Bros Powered Aircraft
1915 Einstein General Relativity set up Big Bang
1918 Sun at edge, not center of Milky Way
1920 Milky Way is one of many galaxies
1923 Hubble uses cephid variable dist to andromeda [4]
1929 Hubble discovers red shift, expanding universe
70 1930 Computed date of Crab Nebula Explosion
1946 Gamow says big bang would result in excess microwave radiation
1947 Carbon Dating
1947 X-1 Supersonic flight
1950 Hoyle coins "Big Bang" term
50 1950 Mainframe computers
1952 Milky Way is determined to be spiral
1959 Soviets orbit Sputnik
1965 Penzias, Wilson discover big bang microwave radiation
1968 Global Plate Tectonics
31 1969 Apollo lands on moon, moon rocks dated
1969 First internet
1972 Discovery of 3.5mya hominid footprints
1974 Lucy found 3.5mya skeleton
1980 IBM PC
1987 UCBerkeley researchers announce 200K Eve
1987 Big bang radiation likely but not proven yet
5 1995 www web browsing
1998 Neanderthal DNA found different from moderns
0 2000 40% of US rejects evolution, big bang, geology, biology
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 Global Warming is destroying the planet
2008 Call it climate change since the planet has not warmed since 1998
NOW 2009 YOU ARE HERE
[1] The Gifts of the Jews
[2] See Sons of Adam dating below, from Abram's
leaving for Canaan in Gift of Jews
[3] Ice cores
[4] http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m031.html "M31" Students
for development and exploration of space
[5] Stein Jacobsen report in Science June 6, 2003
[6] The big idea genography National Geographic Sept 2009
Billions of Years
bang 14 earth 5
v V
*************#
^life 2
^ multicell life 1
Hundreds of Millions of years
* 900
* 800
* 700 - large multicell animals
* 600 - Cambrian explosion
* 500 - Vertebrates
* 400 - Jawed Fish, Permian extinction
* 300 - Reptiles Amphibians
* 200 - Crocodiles, mammals
* 100 - Age of Dinosaurs, Mammals
Tens of Millions of Years
90 - Ammonites
80
70
60 - Dinosaurs die out
50
40
30 - Koalas
20 - Chimpanzee
10 - Age of Man
Millions of Years
9
8
7
6 Australopithecus in Africa
5
4
3 Lucy Afarensis
2 Ice age starts, Homo Erectus
1 Fire, Homo Sapiens
Hundreds of Thousands of Years
400 Peking, Java Man
200 Arrow Heads, bows arrows, tools
100 Homo Sapiens leaves Africa
Tens Thousands
80K Toba Eruption, near extinction of man
50K Boat painting australia
40K Cro Magnon
30K Ivory horse, last Neandertal
20K Bone needles
10K North American peoples, civilization
Most Striking Creationist Claims
Leading Creationist sites:
http://www.answersingenesis.org/ Answers in Genesis
http://icr.org/ Institute for Creation Research
Kent Hovind's Creation Science Evangelism
Evidence creation was more than 6,000 years ago, no
global catastrophic flood (counter arugment)
----------------------------------------------------
-Genesis account appears to be monotheistic version
of Sumerian creation, Abraham's host culture
(if the Sumerians believed it, it proves Genesis was right)
-Tree ring histories have been counted up to 10,000 years
(tree rings are not accurate)
-End of ice age 10,000 years ago
(ice age dating is not accurate)
-No evidence of recent global flood in ice cores, tree rings, Mt St
Helens, etc. There is evidence much or all of planet was under the
ocean millions of years ago
(fossils on mountaintops prove there was a global flood)
-Ice cores in greenland go beyond 40,000 years
(ice cores are deceptive)
-No mongolians in US before 10,000 yrs ago
(C14 dating not valid)
-All fossils dated more than 6,000 years ago
(all radioactive dating is invalid)
-No humans or human like animals more than 4 million years ago
(all dating methods invalid)
-Humans, dinosaurs and Trilobites clearly lived millions
of years apart in different strata
(Human and dinsaur footprints have been found together, all species
existed together since Adam named every one of them his first day on
the job)
-Strata is clearly formed from periods in history millions of years
apart
(a-strata was either laid down in the flood or b-strata
was created in place with fossils already in it)
-Most or all fossils consistent with strata dating
(all radioactive dating is invalid)
-Crater Lake erupted 6,640 years ago from previous state
(all dating methods are invalid)
-Most stars / galaxies are computed to be more than 6,000 light years away
by brightness, red shift
(a-light may not travel at constant speed, b-space may not be constant, c-light
was created in place to distant objects)
-Pangea was one continent 200M ya
(a-pangea never existed b-continents moved less than 6,000 years ago)
-Very distant galaxies are farther computed by red shift
(red shift does not indicate accurate distance, is not evidence of big bang)
-Oldest rocks on earth, moon, meterorites consistent with formation of solar system
(all dating systems are invalid)
-Farthest observeable objects (12B lyrs) consistent with big bang time
(mere coincidence)
-No evidence current races of man "evolved" starting 4000 years ago
after flood
(all races of man possible from sons of Noah)
-Genetic clock puts Native Americans 40,000 years apart from East
Asians, common "Eve" at longer than taht
-Common human ancestor is African, not middle eastern
(see sons of noah)
-C14 dates objects up to 50,000 yrs, or older than 50K, verified
against known layers in lake
(dating is invalid)
-Potassium argon dates rocks up to 3.5 billion years old
(dating is invalid, assumes constant time, decay, etc)
-Dates form consistent puzzle
(evolutionists use circular reasoning to get from one date to
another)
Evolution Links
Creation Links
@@Aborigine
From: parami.internetnorth.com.au Date sent: Tue, 24 Aug 1999 08:29:55
+1000 I asked an aboriginal elder what he thinks about the creation of
the world and his answer was just as clear and logical as the one from
your unnamed Rabbi: A big frog was sitting on a hill. He had too much
to eat and too to drink. When he opened his mouth it all cam out and
covered all of earth. The water became rivers and oceans and the food
became forests, animals and humans.
Kurt Willrich
Of course the aboriginal elder must be wrong since he's not a jewish
Rabbi.
@@Accident
Most believers in evolution say that the universe and life cannot be
intelligently designed, rather we are the unlikely outcome of an
infinite number of coincidences. But could chance be the work of a
supernatural creator who plays by the laws of a physical natural
universe?
MAN IS EVOLUTION OF ZILLIONS OF UNLIKELY OUTCOMES From: Michael
Shermer @@Creationism
Science has determined that humasns, all life, and the universe
appears to have evolved from completely natural processes. It puts
the point of creation beyond which no evidence exists at a big bang
about 15-20 billion years ago. Fundamentalists believe in a literal
interpretation of the bible based on the first two pages of Genesis,
combined with the Flood to explain geology and the races of man.
"facts"
* strata prove the existence of a great flood
* no scientific dating methods that give age > 6,000 years old are
reliable.
* The universe was created about 5-6,000 years ago
* The grand canyon could have been carved over dozens or hundreds, not
millions of years or was created that way.
* The moon, continents, mountains and everything else created before man
were created at the same time.
* Can't explain why most stars appear to be more than 6,000 light years away,
they were probably created "in place", or some other mechanism not understood
by man.
* A great flood created most of the strata, fossils and geological features
* Dinosaurs and trilobites probably lived among men at the same time (Dry Bones)
* Red shift is real, but is not evidence of a big bang
* All men and creatures are descended from survivors of Noah's ark about 5,000
years ago.
* All languages were created after the Tower of Babel
* Explosions do not create order
* Evolution violates the laws of thermodynamics
* Order cannnot come out of chaos
sciweak.txt
9/13/05
(13 pages)
Scientific Weaknesses to the Theory of Evolution
To the Biology Students of Tomball High School,
http://www.kjvbible.org/
Christian Geology Ministry
Yes, God made this present world's heavens and earth in six, literal
24 hour days, and about 6000 years ago, just as the Bible says (see
Heb.1:2). But that
...The question of course remains, even if the scientists are right,
how do public schools teach evolution when their parents teach them
that evolution is wrong, and still respect their beliefs and religion?
http://www.indirect.com/www/wbrown/onlinebook/toc.html
In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood (6th ed.)
>> The Webster's dictionary I use has definitions of "dogma"
--specifically three separate definitions... equally useful....
equally powerful, yet distinct.
http://washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/specials/policy/creationism/
Washington Post Links
Hu: Yet if you take all scientific evidence and put together the
puzzle, you get this neat nearly complete explanation of where the
universe and planet and life and humanity have been for the past few
billion years.
If you simply concentrate on attacking and discarding all of this
evididence, THEN you can conclude that mankind, the earth, the stars,
and everything that you see that looks like it's older than 6000
years old is in fact 6000 years old, all people are direct
descendants of Noah, all langauges have no common origins but were
created after the tower of babel, all notion of tracking DNA
similarity and similarity between life forms is a coincidence, etc.
The distance to the stars, galaxies, and size and age of the universe
are not fact, the geologic history of the earth is not a fact,
All of the strata are less than 6000 years old
Coal and gas were created less than 6000 years ago
The Hawaiian islands are less than 6000 years old
The Grand Canyon is less than 6000 years old
All fossils are newer than 6000 years old
All mountains are 6000 years old
The moon is 6000 years old
The sun is 6000 years old
The crab nebula is 6000 years old
Meteors from Mars are 6000 years old
Moon rocks are 6000 years old
Chinese and Japanese languages are 5000 years old
The continents and oceans are 6000 years old (therefore no
continental drift)
There was no ice age (or it was more recent than 6000 years
ago)
The stars are either a) closer than 6000 light years away or
b) we haven't figured out how god could make a universe so
big yet be only 6000 years old
There _is_ red shift, but it's not because of the big bang, in
fact theres zero evidence to support that theory.
There is no evolution, but all of the races of mankind are
direct descendents of noah and adam less than 6000 years ago.
The first human was created, not born
All animal and plant species are descendents of creatures from the original ark.
There is NO scientific evidence that contradicts the bible.
If science teaches that moon rocks are million of years old,
that's wrong. If they taught that everything is 6000 years old,
that would be right. (interestingly, the bible does NOT give
a direct age of the universe, or date of creation)
How do we know everything is 6000 years old? The first page of
the bible (out of thousands of pages) says so.
All creation science is based on tearing down not just evolution,
but all other science that has anything to say about the universe
more than 6000 years ago. All dating is based on the age of
the universe based on a geneology in the written bible, they have
no other way of dating the planet, the universe, or anything in it
at 6000 years.
It's like arguing with the gays that there isn't any evidence that
Asians are less likely to have AIDS or that gays are more
promiscuous. Problem is, there's tons of data, and 99.99% of it
indicates that's exactly the case. This survey is biased. That one
isn't accurate. This one is not appropriate.
So you discredit all the data, but you don't have to provide any data
to prove your case in the positive. There aren't any data that shows
that Asians have AIDS rates equal or higher than whites .There aren't
any data that show that gays are equally or less promiscous than
other groups. There is no way to measure the age of the planet or
universe that yields 6000 years (other than by computing based on
geneaology)
%%Conversion
Dr. Joshua Zorn renouces young
earth creationism as a Christian
The Testimony of a Formerly Young Earth Missionary
Dr. Joshua Zorn
1997 by the American Scientific Affiliation
http://members.aol.com/paluxy2/joshzorn.htm
%%Links
http://www.newscientist.com/creationism/features_22352.html
z43\clipim\2000\07\06\creation\main.htm Unnatural selection Creation
science is far from extinct. On the contrary, says Debora MacKenzie,
it's mutating and spreading IN THE BEGINNING, there wasn't that much
fuss. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859. By
1900, mainstream Protestants had adapted their theology to it. More
conservative Christians had misgivings. But nearly all agreed that
the Earth is millions of years old, and there was no organised
opposition to the teaching of evolution.
http://library.advanced.org/19012/intro.htm
Thin content but lots of links
Yahoo links
http://dir.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Religion_and_ Spirituality/Science_and_Religion/Creation_vs__Evolution/
%%Books
[[Anti
Fenris suggests: Robt. Pennock's "Tower of Babel: The Evidnece
against the New Creationism," MIT, 1999? (Best price I found was at
borders.com--about $27, including shipping) I'm finding it difficult
to force myself to keep track of the differences between the absurd
beliefs of the various species of Creationists.
jrmonrad suggests If you really want some details on the various
flavors, try Ronald L. Numbers (1992) _The Creationists_. Provides
a nice history of pre-ID creationism and its evolutionary pathways.
;)
%%Leading
Dr. Hugh Ross
"Reasons to Believe"
http://reasons.org/ Testable evolution hypothesis
Realaudio:
http://reasons.org/resources/multimedia/interview/199903.ram
03-99 The New, Testable, Creation Model
Dr. Ross at Trinity Law School (2 hours, 46 minutes)
- Speed of light is constant, always has been.
- Vertical but not horizontal branches
- 100 phyla created during cambrian explosion in 5M years from Canada/China
- Accepts Big Bang, billion year old universe, fossil record
- Adam geneology was not complete, 4000BC is a myth
- Male Y chromosomes merge at Noah, but female go back to Eve
- Neaderthal was separately created just as man
- Universe and its laws are designed
- Humans created last
Dr. Kent Hovind has lots of videos, speaks across the USA
RBOCCHINO says Check out books by Eric Skousen, especially the one
titled Earth: In The Beginning. He goes into detail re the
fossil/geological record, from a creationist point of view.
Jon Fleming
Cro Magnon are evidently the
same as modern caucasians, but can't tell from the bones from
modern africans. They may have appeared at the same time in Asia
and europe.
The Last Neanderthal Discovery cable
program
@@dance
z48\clip\2001\02\dance.txt In Dawn of Society, Dance Was Center Stage
By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD New York Times, 1.2.27 an illustrated record of
dancing from 9,000 to 5,000 years ago. This record, apparently the
earliest of its kind, coincides with the place and time hunters of
wild game and gatherers of wild plant food first settled into villages
@@Darwin, Charles Robert 1809-1882
The complete Origin of the Species online:
http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species/
Darwin's theory of evolution was the first general princople
established in biology (encyclopedia americana 1987). He wondered why
similar species were nearby if they were all created independently.
On Galopogos, each island had distinct life even though similar, why
so much creation. Most believed in immutability of species.
1836 - Beagle returns to england
1837 - started Notebooks on the transmutation of the species
1859 - On the Origin of the Species
Says creation is a natural process, not divine design
Evidence found 50 yrs later
%%Race
DARWIN NOTICED DIFFERENCES IN "CONSTITUTION" AMONG RACES Darwin on
race (found by Steve Sailer) In "The Descent of Man," he wrote, "...
the various races, when carefully compared and measured, differ much
from each other -- as in the texture of hair, the relative
proportions of all parts of the body, the capacity of the lungs, the
form and capacity of the skull, and even the convolutions of the
brain. The races differ also in constitution, in acclimatization and
in liability to certain diseases. Their mental characteristics are
likewise very distinct; chiefly as it would appear in their emotions,
but partly in their intellectual faculties. Everyone who has had the
opportunity of comparison must have been struck by the contrast
between the taciturn, even morose aborigines of South America and the
light-hearted, talkative negroes." Steve remarks Darwin would not be
surprised who invented rap music.
%%Racist
z49\clip\2001\05\darwrace.txt Louisiana House Committee: Darwin's
Ideology Is Racist http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,19540,00.html
Tuesday, May 01, 2001 BATON ROUGE, La. Charles Darwin, the father of
evolution, supported racist ideologies that Louisiana's Legislature
should reject, a state House committee decided Tuesday in a
resolution educators said would open the state to ridicule.
@@Dating methods
%%Methods
Dating Methods
http://ww2.customcpu.com/mgroseth/origins/DatingMethods.html
There are several ways to date the earth, life, and early man beyond
6,000 years ago.
%%Fossil
The Last Neanderthal Hamsters and
Rats used to date layers of human sites.
%%Gap
The Dating Gap The radiocarbon method of dating is believed to be
accurate going back about 40,000 years*. Another method, referred to
as K-Ar, for potassium-argon, can be used to date fossils which are
at least 200,000 years old by dating igneous rocks in the area**. So
there we are with a gap, from 40,000 - 200,000 years old. This
roughly covers the Middle Stone Age. Many of the fossils that have
been used to demonstrate the smooth transition to modern homosapien
fall into this time period. All of us can remember seeing the charts
showing the various stages of man with date inscriptions plainly
showing how we evolved. Oddly, these short comings, and others, are
almost never mentioned in evolution literature.[but we're still way
beyond the biblical 6,000 year limit]
%%Potassium Argon
The Science of Fire Discovering Archaeology Sept Oct 1999 p. 88
Potassium 40 half life is 1.3 billion years, accuracy starts at
100,000 years. Normally used for volcanic sediments
%%Problems
http://www.rae.org/ch04tud.html TIME UPSIDE DOWN Dr. Erich von Fange
Ph.D. E-Mail: fangmer@lni.net One of the first suggestions that the
decay of radioactive material as a constant might be in trouble
appeared in a news magazine as early as1964, when a group of
physicists reported that they had proved that they could influence
the rate of radioactive decay. Yet radioactive dating methods stand
or fall on the assumption that the rate is a constant. A geophysical
research journal reported that lava which formed in the year
1800-1801 was tested by the potassium-argon dating method and showed
an age of 160 million up to 3 billion years in age. Other reports
have been published of similar dates for young rocks in Norway,
Germany, France, and the Soviet Union (Journal of Geophysical
Research , July, 1968; CRSQ, 1970, 7:3, p.145; Time , 10/3/1969,
p.72-74). In the Canadian Arctic on a rock ledge on Victoria Island,
researchers found a number of brachiopods and tracks in a Precambrian
deposit. No such life was known to appear until the Cambrian period,
however. Laboratory dating produced the impossibly young date of 445
million years (Ordovician Period). Presumably laboratory tests will
continue until a reassuring date of more than 600 million years is
secured (Time , 11/12/1965, p.160 plus 11/19/1965 letter to the
editor).
http://www.angelfire.com/ms/jesusdinosandmore/carbondating.html
The Problem with Carbon 14 and other dating methods.
\clipim\99\08\24\carbond\carbond.htm
Living mollusk shells have been dated using the carbon 14 method,
only to find that the method gave it a date as having been dead for
23,000 years! (Science vol 141 1963 pg 634-637)
The body of a seal that had been dead for 30 years was carbon dated,
and the results stated that the seal had died 4,600 years ago! (from
the "Illustrated Origins book")
@@Dinosaur
The most famous prehistoric creatures were related to, but different
from reptiles. The latest theory is that their extinction happened
about the same time as a large metor strike which created a layer of
iridium across the planet.
%%Pterosaurs
Pterosaurs, flying reptiles first appeared at the start of the
Jurassic not too long after the dinosaurs 215 million years ago and
lasted 150 million years, dying out with the dinosaurs. "Lords of the
ancient skies: Pterosaurs" p. 87 National Geographic May 2001.
%%Tracks
Many creationists point to man tracks next to dinosaur tracks, but
this has been discredited.
mommy1995 one of the big things
evolutionist believe is that dinosaurs went extinct before man was
ever on earth. If this is true than why do they find man and
dinosaur bones together. I also have a picture that was taken in
Texas that shows a Mans footprint inside of a dinosaurs
footprint...This was found in a river bed that dried up and the
imprints were fossilized.
http://members.aol.com/paluxy2/paluxy.htm Glen J. Kuban's Last
Updated: 11 Nov. 1998 For many years claims were made by strict
creationists that human footprints or "giant man tracks" occur
alongside dinosaur tracks in the limestone beds of the Paluxy River,
near Glen Rose Texas. If true, such a finding would dramatically
contradict the conventional geologic timetable, which holds that
humans did not appear on earth until over 60 million years after the
dinosaurs became extinct. However, the "man track" claims have not
stood up to close scientific scrutiny, and have been abandoned even
by most creationists. My Paluxy work helped prompt many creationists
to largely abandon the "man track" claims.
@@Disease
MALARIA AFFECTS HUMAN EVOLUTION
z50\clip\2001\06\malaria.txt
http://unisci.com/stories/20012/0626011.htm The Archaeology And
Genetics Of Malaria Resistance Between 7,000 and 12,000 years ago, a
dramatic climate change increased temperature and humidity in Africa,
creating new lakes and pools of water.
@@Dog
Dogs have been artificially selected from wolves into yhe incredibly
variety we see today, starting as long as 100,000 years ago. Only
people have as much variety in one species, some say that variety in
culture, iq and appearance is similar to that found in dogs.
z76\clip\2004\02\dogev.txt
Man's best friend likely got start from wolf 100,000 years ago
Full story: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2001857959_snoopy14m.html
By Paul Recer Seattle Times 2/15/2003
The Associated Press
From Yorkshire terriers the size of a teacup to Irish wolfhounds near
the size of a small pony, all dogs originated from a single species,
probably an East Asian wolf seeking the warmth of the human hearth and
an easy meal.
Cochran on dog evolution
Genetic distance of dogs is closer
than humans, but physical characteristics is much more different.
@@Earth
%%old
McCarthy reviews 1911 Britannica:
Geologists saw evolution of life before they could explain it.
Evidence of strata came up with ages in millions of years, at least
for animals with hard parts. Kelvin had arguments about how long it
would take the earth to cool, but radioactivity fixed that problem by
1095. Metorites and the moon place 4.6B for the solar system and 4.2B
for the earth.
http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm
Paleomap project
The Age of the earth, and evidence
http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/faqs-youngearth.html The Age of
the Earth The Earth is accepted by scientists to be around 4.5
billion years old. But how do they know the Earth is this old? Some
of the lines of evidence for an ancient Earth are presented.
The Extinction Files video: The earth at 3.9 billion years ago - 15
hour day, sun 3/4 as bright as now, moon 4 times larger than now.
http://www.seds.org/~spider/spider/Mars/Marsrock/marsrocks.html
4.5 billion old rock from mars
http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/age.htm
How Old is the Earth
The Age of the Earth
A. How old is the Earth?
4.6 billion years (4,600,000,000 years)
Radiometric dating (Uranium, Thorium). Mass spectrometer.
Early ideas of the age of the Earth:
1.1654 Archbishop Usher (Ireland), genealogy in Bible
Earth was created October 26, 4004 BC, 9:00 am
Earth was 6000 years old.
Document created by: Pamela J. W. Gore
Georgia Perimeter College, Clarkston, GA
http://cfpa.berkeley.edu/darkmat/bbage.html
Radioactive Element Dating
Assuming we know how much of the lead isotope was originally
contained in a given sample, we can determine its age by comparing
present abundances of U-238 and Pb-206. This dating method has been
used to assess the ages of the oldest rocks on Earth, which have been
found to be about 4 billion years old. Lunar rocks and the oldest
meteorites yield ages of about 4.6 billion years. Similar dating
techniques exist for isotopes of strontium, krypton, and rubidium.
Taken together, we conclude that from the age measurements of
meteorites, lunar and Earth rocks, that the Solar System was formed
around 5 billion years ago.
%%Young
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html#magnetic
Common Young-Earth "Dating Methods"
Young-Earthers have several methods which they claim to give "upper
limits" to the age of the Earth, much lower than the age calculated
above (usually in the thousands of years). Those which appear the
most frequently in talk.origins are reproduced below:
Accumulation of helium in the atmosphere
Decay of the Earth's magnetic field
Accumulation of meteoritic dust on the Moon
Accumulation of metals into the oceans
Note that these aren't necessarily the "best" or most
SCIENTISTS DIDN'T SEE CREATION, ADAM AND EVE WERE THERE
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4059.asp
Teaching about Evolution (p. 52) makes the following dogmatic
statement: "The sun, the Earth and the rest of the solar system
formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas 4.5 billion years ago."
Why is that statement dogmatic? (p. 95) Because they weren't there to
see it happen. Nor was anyone else!
Dr. Russell Humphreys, a nuclear physicist, has developed a
cosmology that allows for the formation of the universe in a Biblical
time frame, using Einstein's theory of general relativity (the same
theoretical foundation as the "big bang"). Why does this new
cosmology work? (p. 95) It works because general relativity shows
that time is different in different reference frame with different
gravitational fields. The universe could have been made in six
ordinary days in Earth's reference frame, but the light had ample
time to travel in an extraterrestrial reference frame.
%%Young
Evidence earth is much newer than millions of
years:
http://www.bible.ca/dp-ageStansfld.htm
zip36\clip\99\16\yoeart.htm
@@Education
Christian Creationsts complain that evolution theory is taught as
"fact", but 1987 Supreme Court precedent so far clearly bans any
treatment of creationism, new tactics are to remove requirement to
teach evolution as in Kansas.
%%Creationist
Seattle Times June 14, 1999 Creationist book to be used in Burlington
Last year, high-school biology teacher Roger DeHart was told to stop
teaching "intelligent design," the theory that the complexity of life
reflects the work of an intelligent being. Last month, the
Burlington-Edison School District curriculum committee rejected his
proposal to use some material from a creationist textbook, "Of Pandas
and People," in his high-school biology class .
%%Supreme Court
CLINTON SUPPORTS BAN ON CREATIONISM IN PUB SCHOOLS Aug. 27 1999 (UPI)
- The White House: favors the right of school boardsto set
curriculum, accepts the 1987 Supreme Court ruling that schools may
not creationism. Vice PresidentAl Gore refused to take a clear stand
on whether public schools shouldbe required to teach evolution
:
@@Egyptian
http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/B94chron.txt
CHRONOLOGY OF EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Prehistoric Era:
Lower Paleolithic Age 250,000 - 90,000 BP*
Middle Paleolithic Age 90,000 - 30,000 BP
Late Paleolithic Age 30,000 BP - 7000 BC
Neolithic Age 7000 - 4800 BC
Predynastic Period 4800 - 3050 BC
Upper Egypt:
Badarian Culture 4800 - 4200 BC
Amratian Culture (=Nagada I) 4200 - 3700 BC
Gerzean A Culture (=Nagada II) 3700 - 3250 BC
Gerzean B Culture (=Nagada III) 3250 - 3050 BC
Lower Egypt:
Fayum A Culture 4800 - 4250 BC
Merimde Culture 4500 - 3500 BC
.....
(genesis)
Second Intermediate Period 1668 - 1570 BC
Dynasties 14-17
New Kingdom 1570 - 1070 BC
Dynasties 18-20
Late Period 1070 - 656 BC
Dynasties 21-24
Dynasty 25 (Kushite Domination)
Assyrian Domination
Saite Period 685 - 525 BC
Dynasty 26
Persian Period 525 - 332 BC
Dynasties 27-31
Greek and Roman Period 332 BC - AD 395
*BP = Before Present (i.e., years ago)
@@Einstein
Einsteins equations based on the constant speed of light predict the
big bang creation, not just e=mc2
http://www.bartleby.com/173/ Great Books Online: Relativity The
Special and General Theory by Albert Einstein
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/relativity/index.html
1920 showed Einsteins calculations were correct in Sun bending light
of stars in an eclipse
http://www.utdallas.edu/~brentely/RTGuide/index.html
Simple guide to Einstein's theory of relativity
Special relativity
z52\clipim\2001\09\24\specrel\specrel.htm
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Special_relativity.html
In September 1905 Einstein published a short but important paper in
which he proved the famous formula E = mc2.
http://physics.about.com/cs/specialrelativity/index.htm?once=true&
Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity Guide picks
Links to the best articles about Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity.
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101bb1.html
z52\clipim\2001\09\24\bigbang\bigbang.htm
Foundations of the Big Bang Model
The Big Bang Model rests on two theoretical pillars:
General Relativity
Cosmological principle: matter in the universe is homogeneous and
isotropic when averaged over very large scales.
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101bb2.html
Foundations of Big Bang Cosmology
z52\clipim\2001\09\24\found\found.htm
@@Elements
There are only 3 processes to create the elements, the big bag
for the lighest elements, cooking in stars for the elements of life,
and supernovas for everything else.
XSScience Forum: Cosmic Recycling: We Are Made of Stars UWTV Science
and Discovery Special Series The big bang created the lightest
hydrogen and most of its helium and lithium elements. Stars cook
atoms in multi-million-degree furnaces to create another dozen
chemical elements, including carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The
heaviest elements from from supernova explosions, stars form from
those elements and are re-cycled. There are very few supernovas, but
they are the only way to make the atoms to form materials that humans
regard as commonplace - nickel, tin, copper, lead and zinc, to name a
few.
Scientists today understand the universe in a very different way than
they did 50 years ago. Bruce Margon, a University of Washington
astronomy professor, regards as "a fundamental intellectual triumph."
see www.astro.washington.edu/margon/fls.html
z47\clipim\2001\01\08\madestar\madestar.htm
10-43 is start of known time
matter is 99% hydrogen, 9% helium, 1/10B lithium, 1% anything else as
predicted from nuclear physics
@@Engineering
6 trillion flies can't be wrong
How evolution affects man-designed creations, and why some products
just never die.
SUCCESSFUL PROJECTS START WITH ACHIEVABLE SHORT TERM GOALS
RADICAL CUTTING EDGE PROJECTS ARE DOOMED TO FAIL
TTK Ciar
MANMADE INNOVATION ALSO FOLLOWS RULES OF EVOLUTION
On 2000-06-23 John.van.Wyhe@Cambrdge.org.uk said: List members might
be interested in a new book by Cambridge Uni Press which I am reading
now: John Ziman, ed., Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary
Process. "Technological artefacts and biological organisms 'evolve'
by very similar processes of blind variation and selective retention.
This analogy is explored systematically, for the first time, by a
team of international experts from evolutionary biology, history and
sociology of science and technology, cognitive and computor science,
economics, psychology, education, cultural anthropology and research
management.
z56\doc\web\2002\05\scievol.txt
Notes by Steven Tripp
Basalla, G. (1988). The evolution of technology. London: Cambridge
University.
Holton, G. (1988). Thematic origins of scientific thought (Revised ed.).
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
@@Race
Creationists believe that all people are descendents of the sons of
Noah. Evolutionists believe that races and lanaguages evolved from
common ancestors long before the dating of the flood.
EDEN IN KUWAiT, ALL RACES EVOLVED AFTER NOAH 5,000 YA
z47\doc\web\2000\12\crearace.txt ..typically date the origin of
modern races to the Tower of Babel (on a strict YEC chronology, that
would be around 2250 BC.... don't believe in macro-evolution, but
they make up for it by REALLY believing in microevolution; all the
differences, originated in the few thousand years since the end of
Noah's Flood From: steven_j@my-deja.com
z45\clipim\2000\08\23\racedna.htm
z39\clipim\2000\02\14\race\raceyes.htm raceno.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/first/race.html "E. Aranyosi" : It's a
debate between Dr. C. Loring Brace and Dr. George W. Gill about the
reality, or lack thereof, of "race" as defined by American popular
ideology.
@@Racism
z49\clip\2001\04\evolrace.txt DARWIN CALLED SOURCE OF RACISM BR
legislator calls theory racist 4/18/01 Advocate BR legislator calls
theory racist By WILL SENTELL Capitol News Bureau Tonja Myles, right,
joins state Rep. Sharon Weston Broome= , D-Baton Rouge, during a
briefing session on a legislative resolution that= condemns Charles
Darwin's theory of evolution as racist. [photo shows 2 black persons]
PASSING OF THE GREAT RACE - THREAT TO WHITES FROM RACE MIXING greatra.txt Written during the First
World War, 'The Passing of the Great Race' was a best-seller when
printed in 1916, and was revised and reprinted in 1918 by Charles
Scribner's Sons, a major New York based publishing company. Grant,
then chairman of the New York Zoological Society; trustee, American
Museum of Natural History; and councilor, American Geographical
Society (i.e. hardly a fringe-thinker), argues for an ethnological
model of Nordic supremacy and heridity/racial foundation of the
history of Europe that would have done the German NSDAP and Nazi
philosophers like Alfred Rosenberg proud. After World War II, books
like 'Passing' became guilty of 'Crimethink' in an increasingly
multi-cultural society,
@@Radioactive Dating
Evolutionists use radioactive date to put absolute rather than
relative dates on items. Creationists argue that since radioactive
dating is not reliable, and it conflicts with a 6,000 year old earth,
it is useless.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.html
zip36\clipim\99\08\18\radio\radio.htm
Although Boltwood's ages have since been revised, they did show
correctly that the duration of geologic time would be measured in
terms of hundreds-to-thousands of millions of years.
%%Assumptions
http://ww2.customcpu.com/mgroseth/origins/RadiometricDating. html
Radiometric Dating
Four assumptions must be made for most dating systems:
1.Uniformitarianism = R was constant over the period in question.
2.Closed Isolated System = No outside influences affected the system, .
3.Base Initial Conditions = There was no B to start with, .
4.Conservation (which can be considered as part of #2) = All of A
either remained A or was converted to B, .
%%Constant Decay
Creationists believe radioactive decay must not be constant in order
to explain a 6,000 year old planet, however this has not been
observed. Any variations found are 20 order of magnitude smaller
than that needed to explain a young earth.
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html#constant
zip36\clip\99\16\faq-age-of-earth.html
To summarize: both experimental evidence and theoretical
considerations preclude significant changes to rates of radioactive
decay. The limits placed are somewhere between ten and twenty orders
of magnitude below the changes which would be necessary to accomodate
the apparent age of the Earth within the young-Earth timescale (by
means of accelerated decay).
%%K-AR
%%Potassium Argon
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.html
zip36\clipim\99\08\18\radio\radio.htm The potassium-argon method can
be used on rocks as young as a few thousand years as well as on the
oldest rocks known. Potassium is found in most rock-forming minerals,
the half-life of its radioactive isotope potassium-40 is such that
measurable quantities of argon (daughter) have accumulated in
potassium-bearing minerals of nearly all ages, and the amounts of
potassium and argon isotopes can be measured accurately, even in very
small quantities. Where feasible, two or more methods of analysis are
used on the same specimen of rock to confirm the results.
%%inaccurate
http://ww2.customcpu.com/mgroseth/origins/RadiometricDating. html
Radiometric Dating
Assumptions 2 and 3 previously discussed in the section on dating
methods are crucial to this method of dating. They are also flawed.
Modern rocks formed from volcanoes often yield ages of a billion
years or more because initial amounts of Lead, Argon and Strontium
are present. In addition, a single rock will yield several ages 100s
of millions of years apart.
13 Aug 1998 14:06:11 GMT, matts2@ix.netcom.com (Matt
Silberstein) wrote:
> This is not. It is entirely built upon the assumption that:
> 1. the rate of radioactive decay has not varied,
> 2. the rock's content of daughter lead at time zero is known, and
> 3. no parent uranium or daughter lead was either added to or taken
> from the rock since time zero.
@@Random Chance
Proteins cannot form by random
chance Actually atoms combine to form complex molecules all the
time, amino acids can be created by adding electricity to some basic
molecules.
@@Red Shift / Doppler effect
Known spectrum lines for elements from stars appear "shifted" towards
the red, in accordance with the Doppler effect. This is commonly used
to conclude the universe is expanding in all directions, and the
faster an object is moving away, the farther it is away. If you run
the system backwards, you get a universe which started with a "big
bang" 10 to 20 billion years ago, you can also predict the farthest
objects you should be able to see - which have been observed by very
powerful telescopes.
Creationists believe there are other explanations such as
non-constant speed of light.
%%Creation
http://www.parentcompany.com/creation_explanation/cx6h.htm
%%Non constant light velocity
http://www.best.com/~dolphin/cdkconseq.html
Implications of Non-Constant Light Velocity by Lambert Dolphin
@@Religion
%%As Religion
\clip\99\16\darwchu.txt The Wall Street Journal August 16, 1999
Commentary The Church of Darwin By Phillip E. Johnson, professor of
law at the University of California, Berkeley, and the author of
"Darwin on Trial" (Intervarsity Press, 1993)._
%%Compatible
Stan Pruss @@Human
Also see intelligence, If the right fears evolution because it
conflicts with Creation, the left may fear it because evolution may
explain persistent differences in race even with equal economic
decelopment. Phillipe Rushton of Canada has this wierd theory that
the reason that Asians are smarter than Whites than Blacks is because
they are higher up on the evolutionary scale. Also has wierd theories
that size of sexual organs is inversely proportional to health, skull
size and intelligence, widely regarded as racist, but an interesting
correlation if nothing else. His explanations are odd, but if
correlation isn't neccesarily causation, the patterns are worth
noting because his data appears to be correct. Humans are more alike
than different, but may be different enough to account for health and
behavioral differences.
Hominid Precursors
Aegyptopithecus
Proconsul
Australopithecus (Gen.) not found outside of africa. Purely
vegetarian.
A. afarensis
A. africanus
A. robustus
A. boisei
Homo habilis
Homo ergaster - first working man, gathered carcasses to common
location and open bones for marrow. Created specialized tools from
stone. First regular meat eater from body shape and teeth. Tall and
narrow, less apelike. Only meat eaters can have a shorter gut,
tradeoff powers larger brain. Free to follow game, move out of Africa
2M years ago moved out of the rift valley. Evolved into homo erectus
[the human journey]
z50\clip\2001\08\ergas.txt
August 14 2001
Fourth Pre-Human Skull Found in Georgia
TBILISI, Georgia (Reuters) - Georgian archaeologists said on Tuesday
they had unearthed a skull dating back 1.7 million years, similar to
three discovered last year which may represent the first pre-humans
who migrated out of Africa to Europe. [Homo ergaster falls in between
the more primitive Homo habilis and Homo erectus, a robust creature
with advanced stone tools that most scientists thought was the first
to move out of Africa]
Homo erectus - Java man, found across the world
Neanderthals
Archaic Homo sapiens
Cro-Magnon
Homo sapiens
%%Links
Arizona State's Institute of Human Origins,
http://www.asu.edu/clas/iho/
z47\clipim\2000\10\homev\homev.htm
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/6/79.06.02.x.html#b
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home Hominid Evolution by Stephen
P. Broker Excellent overview of evolution and human evolution geared
towards teacher preparation
%%Africans
z56\clip\2002\07\rafonda.txt
http://www.rafonda.com/age.html (blog 2002)
Age and Origin of the Human Species
suggests that speciation
occurred in Eurasia, not in Africa,
z49\clip\2001\04\origins.txt The Nando Times Europe founded by a few
hundred Africans, study finds Genome research at the Whitehead
Institute By EMMA ROSS, Associated Press EDINBURGH, Scotland (April
21 2001) - Modern Europeans, and possibly populations in other
regions of the world, are descended from just a few hundred Africans
who left their homeland as recently as 25,000 years ago, new research
suggests.
z42\clip\2000\05\earlaf.txt Friday, May 12, 2000, 12:00 a.m. Pacific
Fossils show early humans left Africa
http://www.seattletimes.com/news/nation-world/html98/mann12_20000512.html
by Robert Lee Hotz Los Angeles Times Reliably dated to 1.7 million
years ago, the bones offer the earliest known anatomical evidence of
the direct link between humanity's ancestral birthplace in Africa and
the primitive human forebears who colonized much of the rest of the
world.
AFRICANS HAVE MORE DNA MUTATIONS, SO MAY HAVE BEEN FIRST
http://www.usatoday.com/life/science/genetics/lsg010.htm
\clip\97\12\evol.txt USA Today 4/1/97 African origin theory advances
"The new study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
finds that Africans consistently have a greater number of mutations
than Asians or Europeans, suggesting that modern humans do have an
African beginning. "
%%Apelike
http://www.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/archive/1994/941003/ 941003.science.html
\clip\99\16\onelink.txt October 3, 1994 Volume 144, No. 14 ONE LESS
MISSING LINK Bones from the Ethiopian desert prove that human
ancestors walked the earth 4.4 million years ago BY MICHAEL D.
LEMONICK Reported by Andrea Dorfman/New York "This diminutive,
humanlike creature walked the earth some 4.4 million years ago - half
a million years earlier than the oldest human ancestors ever
identified. That stretches our family tree back almost to the era
when humans and apes branched off from a single ancestor." they were
enclosed in sedimentary rock that was neatly sandwiched between
layers of volcanic ash, which contains radioactive isotopes that make
material easy to date. The volcanic layer just beneath the fossils
turned out to be about 4.4 million years old. That jibes perfectly
with the ages of other fossil animals found, which were already known
from analysis of other sites.
%%Australoid
Australoid originated in Asia 40,000 yrs ago, dark skin adaption to
sulight p. 22 Today's World: The Human Race
%%Biodiversity
HUMANS ARE ADAPTED TO BE DIFFERENT, SO THEY CAN'T BE "EQUAL"
zip38\clip\99\21\saildarw.txt National Post Saturday, November 20,
1999 'A miracle happens here' Most people seem willing to accept
Darwinism as long as they don't have to believe in nothing but
Darwinism by Steve Sailer According to Berkeley anthropologist
Vincent Sarich, no mammal exceeds our species in physical variation,
except for dogs and a few other artificially selected animals.
%%Books
The Epic of Man Editors of Life 1961 val=12.50
Wheel from sumeria
%%Brain Size
Modern human races, even by the most controversial race science is
only about 1%-5% different in brain capacity, "earlier" humans were
significantly different. Common wisdom is that there are no valid
brain measurement methods. However there are no methods which result
in equal or greater sizes for Africans. Asians appear to have only
slightly larger brains. Rushton believes that this is consistent with
the "African Eve" theory of human origins (Stringer & McKie, 1996),
modern humans emerged in Africa some 200,0000 years ago, with an
African/non-African split about 110,000 years ago, and with an
European/East Asian split about 41,000 years ago. Vincent Sarish,
another IQ hawk, disagrees that brain size matters that much by
itself.
http://www.pro-am.com/origins/research/habilis1.htm Homo habilis
Kaveh Nateghi fard@interlog.com T
Cranial capacity in CC
375-485 -2.68 A. africanus
750 -1.73 Homo Habilis
1000 Homo Erectus (1)
1200 Human .25M years ago (1)
1300-1350 1.00 Modern Human
----------------------------------------
1276 Africans (1)
1347 Caucasians (1)
1362 -1.011 US Army AfrAm (1)
1364 Mongloids (1)
1378 1.000 US Army EuroAm (1)
1391 1.009 US Army AsianAm (1)
----------------------------------------
1700 1.23 Neandertal
Worldwide data adjusted for stature
1241 -1.045 African
1297 1.000 European
1308 1.008 E Asian
(1) Rushton 1995, unadjusted, differences greater adjusted for body
weight. Also 2000 z45\clip\2000\08\afrbrain.txt August 13, 2000 J. P.
Rushton
BRAIN AT LIMITS OF EVOLUTION? z54\clip\2002\01\brain.txt Man 'now at
limit of his intelligence'
http://www.portal.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/01/23
/nbt23.html Thursday 23 January 1997 By Robert Uhlig, Technology
Correspondent Researchers at BT's Advanced Applications and
Technologies Laboratories, who examined the ability of the brain to
process information, found that, at best, we are within 20 per cent
of our maximum information processing capacity. Only whales and
dolphins approach this complexity. According to a report in today's
New Scientist, to produce a significant increase in processing power
would require nerve cells to be wider to transmit signals more
quickly.
%%Brazil
8K-10k Brazil Skulls Look African z48\clip\2001\04\brazskul.txt
http://www.sciencenews.org/20010407/fob1.asp Week of April 7, 2001;
Vol. 159, No. 14 Early Brazilians Unveil African Look Bruce Bower
Human skulls unearthed in Brazil and ranging in age from about 8,000
to 11,000 years look more like modern Africans and Australian
aborigines than like modern Asians or Native Americans
%%Chimpanzee
z41\clip\2000\05\chimpsim.txt 98% Alike? (What Our Similarity to Apes
Tells Us About Our Understanding of Genetics) By JONATHAN MARKS
Chronice of Higher Education, 0.5.12 More recently, geneticists have
been able to determine with precision that humans and chimpanzees are
over 98 percent identical genetically, and that figure has become one
of the most well-known factoids in the popular scientific literature.
DNA is 98% common between humans and chimps.
EXN.CA
http://www.exn.ca/html/templates/htmlpage.cfm?ID=20000328-52
Remains of 29,000-year-old infant show we're not Neanderthals and probably
never were March 28, 2000
3.5% between like species humans or neanderthals
6.6-7.5% between humans and neanderthals
%%Collapse
WEATHER DISASTER IS KEY TO SOCIETAL COLLAPSE
z47\clip\2001\01\collap.txt ARCHAEOLOGY: What Drives Societal
Collapse? Harvey Weiss and Raymond S. Bradley [#affiliation] *
Science, 1.1.26 That perspective is now changing with the
accumulation of high-resolution paleoclimatic data... These climatic
events were abrupt, involved new conditions that were unfamiliar to
the inhabitants of the time, and persisted for decades to centuries.
They were therefore highly disruptive, leading to societal collapse
%%Creationist
from RBOCCHINO
"But it is scientifically unresolved whether these remains are
pre-Adamic hominids descended from Adam and Eve, or ancestral to the
post-Adamic humans. " 1) Frank B. Salisbury, The Creation (Salt Lake
City, Utah: Deseret Book, 1976); 2) Eric N. Skousen, Ph.D., Earth: In
The Beginning, (Orem, Utah: Verity Publishing, 1997)
%%Difference
There is less difference between
average white and chinese genetically than in typical crowd
in NYC but not the distinguishing characteristics
Date sent: Mon, 12 Jul 1999 19:53:21 -0400
From: Samson Vermont
@@Sumerian
The Sumerians published the first known version of the Genesis story,
but it had many instead of only one god.
%%Myth
The Assyro-Babylonian Mythology FAQ version 1.8
history. Similar, evolved from Sumerian dieties
zip36\clip\99\16\assyrbabyl-faq.html
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~cbsiren/sumer-faq.html
Sumerian Mythology FAQ (Version 1.11html)
by Christopher Siren, 1992,1994
zip36\clip\99\16\sumer-faq.html
Sumer may very well be the first civilization in the world
7,000 start of farming villages
5,000 Sumeria collapses
Sumerian cuneform, the earliest written language, was borrowed by the
Babylonians, who also took many of their religious beliefs. In fact,
traces and parallels of Sumerian myth can be found in Genesis.
The Jemdat Nasr period lasted from 3200 BC to 2900 BC. It was not
particularly remarkable and most adequately described as an extenson
and slowing down of the Uruk period. This is the period during which
the great flood is supposed to have taken place.
The bulk of Sumerian parallels are the book of Genesis. As in
Genesis, the Sumerians' world is formed out of the watery abyss and
the heavens and earth are divinely separated from one another by a
solid dome. The second chapter of Genesis introduces the paradise
Eden, a place which is similar to the Sumerian Dilmun, described in
the myth of "Enki and Ninhursag"
"The Lord God formed man out of the clay of the ground and blew into
his nostrils the breath of life, and so man became a living being."
Enki and Ninmah (Ninhursag) use a similar method in creating man.
Nammu, queen of the abyss and Enki's mother, bids Enki to "Kneed the
'heart' of the clay that is over the Abzu " and "give it form"
The one who cures his rib is named Ninti, whose name means the Queen
of months, (Kramer & Maier 1989: pp. 28-30) the lady of the rib, or
she who makes live. This association carries over to Eve.
The prologue of "Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Underworld" may contain
the predecessor to the tree of knowledge of good and evil. This tree
not only contains a crafty serpent, but also Lilith, the legendary
first wife of Adam.
In the Sumerian ark, the pious Ziusudra is informed of the gods
decision to destroy mankind by listening to a wall. He too weathers
the deluge aboard a huge boat. The flood lasts a long time, but
Ziusudra comes to rest within seven days and not the near year of the
Bible. He does not receive a covenant, but is given eternal life.
@@Sun
@@solar system
The oldest rocks and metorites all come up at about 4.5 b years ago,
as well as models for evolution of the sun.
The planets A&E 4.5 billion years ago a supernova on the edge of the
galaxy exploded, ran into a gas cloud, forming sun once enough gas
collected, remaining heavy elements formed planets
The Solar FAQ Solar Neutrinos and Other Solar Oddities 1998,1999 by
Sverker Johansson
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-solar.html#_Toc430357861 This
process can be used to calculate the age of a star. In the sun's case
the result conforms nicely to expectations from radioactive dating of
the rest of the solar system (around 4.55 billions of years (Strahler
1987), leading to a predicted age of the sun of 4.563 -4.576 billions
of years (Wasserburg 1995)). Guenther & Lemarque (1997) find 4.5± 0.1
billions of years for the age of the sun, whereas Brun & Turck-Chieze
& Morel (1998) favor an age closer to 4.6 billions of years, as do
Dziembowski et al (1998).
@@Supernova
talkorigins.org FAQ "Supernovae, Supernova
Remnants and Young-Earth Creationism" [1]
http://www.valinor.freeserve.co.uk/supernova.html
SN1987A directly measured as 186,000 light years from earth
z47\clipim\2001\01\24\sn1987a\sn1987a.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Thebes/7755/ancientproof/SN1987A.html
SN1987A and The Antiquity of the Universe by Todd S. Greene. Measures
how long shockwave hit the closest vs farthest part of radius around
exploding star, which gives radius in light year of ring, solve for
distance given apparent size of the ring in arc seconds. Now
let's plug everything in:
1.radius = 6.23 x 1012 km (see note 1 below) = 0.658 light-years
2.angle = 0.808 arcseconds (see note 1 below) = 0.000224 degrees
3.distance = 0.658 ly ÷ tan(0.000224)
4.distance = 0.658 ly ÷ 0.00000392
5.distance = 168,000 light-years
Note that taking the measurement error limits into account makes this
value 168,000 light-years ± 3.5%.
@@Television
Getting the Facts Straight: A Viewer's Guide to the PBS Series
"Evolution" Discovery Institute is pleased to release its
comprehensive "Viewer's Guide," downloaded in PDF
format on Discovery's special website for the series,
http://www.reviewevolution.com,
z52\clipim\2001\09\25\viewersGuide.pdf
@@Tidal Rhythmites / Time
Sediments are often deposited with the tides and years, geologists
can compute how many years it took for sediments to develop (this
proving that it didn't all happen in one year for all sediments as
creationists claim) and even showing how the length of a day varied
compared to the length of a lunar month or a solar year.
http://adamite.igs.indiana.edu/indgeol/time/tidaltime.htm
z47\clipim\2001\01\17\tides\tidaltime.htm
Andrew MacRae: Layer by layer, the sediment records the tidal events
like the ticks of a clock, day after day, over a period of months and
(if thick enough) years. From that, all sorts of lunar, earthly, and
solar astronomical cycles can be detected, and their long-term
changes studied over geological time. Rhythmites are also a very
sensitive indicator of the environment of deposition.
@@Timeline
http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/scales/geohist1.txt
Evolutionary/Geological Timeline Version 1.0
\zip\zip36\clipim\99\08\19\geohist1.txt
http://ww2.customcpu.com/mgroseth/origins/AgesOfEarth.html
The Ages of the Earth
@@Toba Eruption
The Eruption of Toba was seen as a key moment in human evolution, as
population fell to as few as 1,000 worldwide.
From: Henry Harpending [mailto:harpend@xmission.com]
Sent: Wednesday, November 22, 2000 10:05 AM
> Do we really have good reasons to think that the population crashed rather
> than there just being reproductive isolation?
Absolutely not. We had an awful time with the BBC crew since they had a
script and we did not have the proper enthusiasm for their scenario. The
idea that Toba is responsible for the human genetic pattern is, IMHO,
marginally plausible only.
\clip\99\21\volcwin.txt University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign
(http://www.uiuc.edu/) Posted 9/8/98
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/09/980908074159.htm
http://www.admin.uiuc.edu/NB/98.09/Volcanic.html news release Ancient
'Volcanic Winter' Tied To Rapid Genetic Divergence In Humans
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- A new hypothesis about recent human evolution
suggests that a horrific "volcanic winter" 71,000 years ago, followed
by the coldest 1,000 years of the last Ice Age, brought widespread
famine and death to modern human populations around the world.
@@Tools
The use of tools predates modern human beings. The use of stone tools
predates Biblical culture. Adam and Eve did not hunt mammoths with
stone knives.
History Channel Power Tools October 1999 Homo Habilis (handyman) was
about 3 evolutionary generations, 2.5 million years away, was 3.5 ft
tall, 1/3 brain size of modern humans, was first to make sharp tools
from stone. Also hammers for cracking nuts and bones to get marrow.
Believed to spark evolution, after this comes change in teeth and
brain. 1.5 million years hand axe with wide flat cutting edge. 0.5
smaller "steak knife" style edges. 100,000 yrs modern humans near
Neanderthal - rock tied to a stick. 6,500 yrs ago end of stone age.
Mesopotamia found copper could be used for tools. Egyptians had hand
drills. 1100BC iron . Clawed hammer head Roman Empire 2000 ya
The name of this species, Homo habilis, which means "Handy Man",
comes from the early stone tools with which it was associated. This
small-brained specimen comes from East Turkana,
http://www.amnh.org/enews/skulls/s5.html
@@Torralba, Spain
Large kill site of Homo Erectus in Spain at least 400,000 years ago.
Bones of elephants, rhinos, deer, but no dinosaurs. Evidence of fires
used to drive elephants into the swamp where they were trapped.
http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/archaeology/sites/europe/torralba.html
z47\clipim\2001\01\18\torralba\torralba.htm
The Emergence of Man John E. Pfeiffer 1969 p. 112
http://www.dla.utexas.edu/depts/anthro/courses/98spring/selby302/lecture2.html
The meaning of progress
z47\clipim\2001\18\progress\progress.htm
Homo erectus was a big game hunter: the first predator that they had
ever had. Burst into a world that was a new ecological niche. Hunted
in groups; using stratagems and communication. They clearly had
empathic communication which is the communication of emotion. But
speech is probable too. Bulge on the left frontal love called Broca's
area. Developed in fossil skulls previous to homo erectus (H.
habilis, 2,000,000 years ago H. erectus, by 300,000 ybp was
approaching human standards of conduct. Complex communication (but
not true language) was possible among them, much more complicated
than that of modern day chimpanzees for whom over 300 different calls
have been recorded.
@@Tower of Babel
zip36\clipim\99\08\18\babel\babel.htm
http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/babel.htm Babylon was one of a number of
cities built by a succession of peoples that lived on the plain
starting around 5,500 years ago Archaeologists examining the remains
of the city of Babylon have found what appears to be the foundation
of the tower: a square of earthen embankments some three-hundred feet
on each side. The tower's most splendid incarnation was probably
under King Nebuchadnezzar II who lived from 605-562 BC. The King
rebuilt the tower to stand 295 feet high.
@@Trade
TRADING IS WHY HOMO SAPIENS DOMINATED OVER NEANDERTHAL
\clip\2005\04\homotrade.txt
Economist.com
HOMO ECONOMICUS?
Apr 7th 2005
...the thesis propounded by Jason
Shogren, of the University of Wyoming, and his colleagues. For Dr
Shogren is suggesting that trade and specialisation are the reasons
HOMO SAPIENS displaced previous members of the genus, such as HOMO
NEANDERTHALENSIS (Neanderthal man), and emerged triumphant as the only
species of humanity.
@@Transitional Forms
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional.html
Actually there's quite a bunch of transitoinal fossils,
especially of newer animals.
@@Tree of Life (Phylogeny)
%%General
The tree of life
http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html
One branch per page
From the base to primates:
,===== Eubacteria ("True bacteria", mitochondria, and chloroplasts)
|
=====|||||| Archaea (Methanogens, Halophiles, Sulfolobus, and relatives)
|
`===== Eukaryotes (Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals, etc.)
?=== Viruses
====== Microsporidia
|===== Retortamonads
<<===|
|
====== Mitochondrial Eukaryotes (animals, plants, and most other eukaryotes)
===|
===| === Crown Eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, stramenopiles, etc.)
===| |
======| | ====== Dictyosteliida
=== Metazoa (animals)
===|
======| |
| | ====== Choanoflagellates
| |
| ========= Fungi (mushrooms, molds, yeast, chytrids, etc.)
|
|============== Green Plants (green algae and land plants)
| | | ========= Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crabs, etc.)
| | | |
| | | | ====== Annelida (segmented worms)
| | | | | | |============== Mollusca (snails, clams, squids, etc.)
| | |
| | | ============ Chordata (vertebrates and relatives)
| | | ===|
| | | ===| ============ Hemichordata
| | | ===| |
| | ==D=| | =============== lophophorates
<<===| | === Cephalochordata (amphioxus)
===| ===|
===| === Yunnanozoon
|
====== Craniata (hagfishes and vertebrates)
Hyperotreti (hagfishes)
---- Vertebrata (lampreys and jawed vertebrates)
==2==| |
==3==|===== Osteostraci
|
====== Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)
=== Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and four-legged vertebrates)
==Osteichthyes=|
==Teleostomi=| === Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
===1=| |
<<===| | ================== Acanthodii
| =============================== Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, sawfish, and chimeras)
<<===| | ====== Dipnoi
| |
======| ====== Rhizodontimorpha
| |
===| === Osteolepimorpha
===|
=== Terrestrial vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds etc.)
Mammals birds === Amniota
| ======= Living Amphibians
| ===|
===================== Synapsida (mammals and their extinct relatives)
==|
======= Diapsida (lizards, crocodiles, birds, Sphenodon, and their extinct relatives)
=== Therapsida (mammals and their extinct relatives)
Eutheria
| ======| ================== Rodentia
| | ================== Primates
Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/threedomains.html
%%Heirarchy
HTTP://biology.fullerton.edu/courses/biol_403/web/Hierarchies. html
@@Trees
Trees produce rings of growth each year, these can be matched to date
sites where there is wood and charts have been made of rings.
%%Creation
Creationists deny any dating system that goes beyond 6,000 years,
including tree rings.
hovind: oldest tree is 4300 yr old. Tree ring dating not
reliable unless it agrees with bible
mommy1995 A ring on a tree does not
stand for a year like they use to believe. It wasn't till recently
that they found that 1 ring stand for a period of time not just 1
year.
%%Oldest
Earth Revealed - scientists have found trees as old as 8,000 years old
http://www.jhutin-arbor2000.com/
zip36\clipim\99\08\18\trees\trees.htm
Oldest trees in world: up to 20,000 years
for Huon Pine in Tasmania
http://biology.fullerton.edu/courses/biol_445/web/bristle.htm While
the coast redwood can reach 300 feet tall and a giant sequoia's trunk
alone can weigh 1385 tons, none can match the longevity of the Great
Basin Bristlecone Pine, Pinus longavea. These subalpine conifers have
been aged at an astounding 4,900 years old. Due to this noteworthy
characteristic, a vast array of information is available on these
trees.
%%Rings
zip36\clipim\99\08\24\treering\treering.htm
http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/student/nang/treering.htm Common
Species for Tree-Ring Dating Nang Kham Noam, Quaternary Geology, ES
767, Spring '97 Trees recorded the climatic and evironmental
changes and provided information to reconstruct past events such as
floods, droughts, temperature changes, forest fires, earthquakes,
etc. Laboratory of tree-ring research at the University of Arizona
used crossdating to reconstruct the past climate back to 9000 years.
Besides crossdating, tree-rings are used for calibration of the
radiocarbon time scale and can be drawn back to nearly 10,000 years.
If radiocarbon calibration of tree-rings is combined with varve
records, timescales can be drawn back to 28,000 years.
\zip36\clipim\99\08\24\ringdate\ringdate.htm
http://ww2.customcpu.com/mgroseth/origins/TreeRings.html In 1957
Schulman found a Bristlecone dating back 4600 years. The tree is not
marked for its own protection. Laboratory tests have shown that
under various conditions, like a particularly wet season, the trees
can grow more than 1 ring. The research has even suggested that many
periods in history may have been characterized by the growth of an
extra ring every four years. This tends to indicate that the tree
ring series extends back something less than some sources claim.
TREE RINGS DATE ABANDONED MESA SITE 700-1200 AD
\doc\web\99\12\treering.txt Solving the Riddles of Wetherill Mesa
National Geographic February 1964
See "Secrets of the Southwest Solved by Talkative Tree Rings" by
Andrew E. Douglass, National Geographic December 1929
http://www.ltrr.arizona.edu/
The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research was organized in 1937 as an
outgrowth of the pioneering tree-ring studies initiated by Andrew
Ellicott Douglass at the University of Arizona in 1906.
Crossdating in Dendrochronology: Ring Anomalies Question: If one tree
ring is grown each year ("annual rings"), why not just count the
rings? Answer: Ring growth is not always annual: Occasionally, a ring
isn't grown during a year -- called "locally absent" or "missing" for
that year http://tree.ltrr.arizona.edu/skeletonplot/ringanomalies.htm
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-noahs-ark.html#implications Mark
Isaak Why is there no evidence of a flood in tree ring dating? Tree
ring records go back more than 10,000 years, with no evidence of a
catastrophe during that time. [Becker & Kromer, 1993; Becker et al,
1991; Stuvier et al, 1986]
@@Trilobites
The first wildly successful complex animals, came up from soft worms,
turned into arthropods (bugs). 2nd in fame only to dinosaurs. Now
extinct, died out with Permian extinction 255M years ago.
Creationists like Hovind believes that they lived the same time as
all the other creatures, and there is evidence they are still alive
today. (But there isn't any evidence of evolution)
Kevin's trilobite page
http://www.ualberta.ca/~kbrett/Trilobites.html
Springina looks like a trilobite, but it's a
soft worm.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/spriggina.html
The striking Vendian fossil Spriggina (shown here) and its close
relative Marywadea make up the Sprigginida, a clade of soft-bodied
organisms that are restricted to the Precambrian.
1998/05/06 Author: Mark Isaak karl wrote: Trilobites are found the
same way, that is, millions of them spread out through the fossil
record as demonstrated in the various strata . When they are found
there is only slight differences between the trilobite fossils. Once
again, there is no intermediates or proto-trilobites ancestral linage
found. ... You seem to be neglecting the fact that intermediate and
proto-trilobites have been found.
@@Uniformitarianism
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4059.asp
zip36\clipim\99\08\24\study\study.htm
[Classic] Uniformitarianism is the philosophy that process have
always occurred at roughly constant rates (the present is the key to
the past). Catastrophism is the belief that processes have
occasionally occurred as the result of a catastrophic (violent) event
(such as flood, volcano, etc.)
@@Universe
%%Creation
Creationists believe the universe was created during the first few
days of creation. Interestingly, even though the stars in the sky
have been constant throughout recorded history, the stars are far
enough away that even if they were created 6,000 years ago, most of
the stars would not be visible for millions of years. They
acknowledge that stars do "evolve" in that they explode and leave
nebulas, but they do not believe we have seen any stars being created.
%%Evolution
How do we know how old the universe is?
* The most distant stars and galaxies are 12B light years away
* Turn the expansion of the universe backwards, depending on the
Hubble constant
* Radioactive dating with supernova events
http://cfpa.berkeley.edu/darkmat/bbage.html Independent age estimates
For a value of H=50 km/sec/Mpc, we have an age of 10 billion years,
while for H=100 km/sec/Mpc, the age is 20 billion years. Hence, we
conclude that the age of the Universe, as derived from Hubble's Law,
is somewhere between 10 and 20 billion years old.
Radioactive dating: The heavy elements in the Universe were largely
produced in supernova explosions. In order to estimate the age of the
Universe, we must combine the age of the radioactive elements with
the supernova age. The rate of supernova events in our Galaxy is
estimated to be about one every 30 years or so. If we add in the time
for galaxy formation, around 1 billion years, we find an estimate for
the age of the Universe in the range between 11 and 18 billion years.
%%Model
Virtual Universe Natural History Magazine April 2004
http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/0404/0404_feature.html
Hayden Planeterium as developed 3D computer model of universe
Virtual Universe
Centuries of astronomy, plus video-game technology,
combine to offer a stunning new perspective on our place in space.
By Brian Abbott, Carter Emmart, and Ryan Wyatt
Click on galaxy for slide sho
Scale of Universe
-----------------
Light Day - just outside the distant space probe, planets
Light Week - planets lost in glare of sun
Light Year - Oort Cloud
20 LY - Dozen closest stars with planets, constellation lines diverge
65 LY - dozens of stars with planets, distance of radio signals
1000 LY - beyond most visible constellation stars
5000 LY - star clusters show how flat galaxy is, center of galaxy visible
(Age of creationist universe)
2M LY - distance to M31
50M LY - out to Virgo galaxy cluster
500M LY - galaxy pattern looks like big soapy web
5G LY - looks like cobweb
13G LY - quasars, edge of visible light
(Age of big bang universe - edge of universe is probably much larger now)
@@Video
www.tlc.com
The Human Journey In Search of Human Origins Trace the origins of
modern man. Visit a South African cave that yielded a 3.3 million
year old skeleton and Africa's Klasies River Mouth, where our ancient
ancestors lived, ate, and raised their families.
Tale of Two Species Explore archeological evidence supporting the
theory that modern humans emerged from Africa while a
similar-looking, yet biologically different, species lived in caves
and rock shelters in the Middle East.
The Creative Explosion As ancient inhabitants of the Middle East
ventured into Asia, they adapted to the changing climate and natural
resources. They discovered a new food source in seafood and exhibited
the first signs of cultural evolution with cremation and rock art.
75,000 yrs ago Toba erupted, 10 year winter, humans fell from 100,000
to as few as 1,000.
@@Vietnamese
From: "Derbyshire, John"