College Education: Anydex
College Education | Arthur's Anydex: The Index of Anything
Arthur's Anything Index
| Home
| Home
| Diversity / Politics / Opinion
| webmaster
|(c) 1995-2011
View
My Stats Page Contents
Hu's Index of Education
Note: if you're looking for specific race admissions comparison, it's
been dumped into the affirmative action page.
This section concentrates on college going rates and population
Asians go to and graduate from college at
the highest rates, are the most over-represented at elite colleges,
and get the highest math test scores, and combined SAT scores. Asians
are causing whites to be under-represented, while quota-based
affirmative action goals are causing blacks to be better represented
than whites at some of the most selective campuses.
No nation on earth except Canada (which is basically part of the US
anyway :) ) graduates 25% and sends 50% of its young adults to higher
education which you'll never hear anybody celebrate
Frequently Asked Questions
Which Groups Go to College at the Highest Rates?
Contents
General Reference
@@college asian Asian.College
Asian College Spectrum
1998 LA Times Survey of US Colleges
Undergraduate enrollment of Asians
\clip\98\10\ascoll.txt
http://www.latimes.com/HOME/NEWS/STATE/t000064679.html
Los Angeles Times, Tuesday, July 14, 1998
The Changing Face of Higher Education Trends: Asian Americans' numbers and
influence now mark all segments of college life.
58% UC Irvine 97
43% UC Riverside 97
41% UC Berkeley 97
40% UCLA 97
28% Massachusetts Institute of Technology
27% Cal Tech 97
24% Stanford 97
23% Wellesley 97
22% New York University 97
19% Harvard 97
18% Northwestern 97
17% Columbia 97
17% Yale 97
15% Brown 97
13% Princeton 97
12% Duke 97
Source: UC Berkeley Office of Student Research; Los Angeles Times
survey of other universities.
Degree Rates
----------------------------------------------
US 4yr deg 25-29 1998 W1.0 B-2.0 H-3.0 A1.7
Representation Spectrum vs US or state population
--------------------------
20.00 Chin MIT undergrad 1990
20.00 Jew grad UC Berkeley 98
11.24 Chin biological BA UC Berk 98
10.00 Jew undergrad UC Berk 98
10.00 Asian MIT undergrad 1990
8.59 Chin engineering UC Berk 98
8.51 Indi chemistry UC Berk 98
7.42 Chin undergrad UC Berk 98
6.89 Indi business UC Berk BA 98
6.22 Indi biological sciences BA 98
5.14 Indi engineering UC Berk BA 98
5.00 Indi undergrad UC Berk 98
3.65 Indi graduate UC Berk 98
2.76 Chin humanities UC Berk 98
2.44 Chin graduate UC Berk 98
2000 Census?
z87\clip\2005\03\censusEducation.pdf
Egyptian1 64.0
Asian 49.8
Lebanon1 39.0
Palestin1 38.0
NHWhite 30.0
White 27.6
Black 17.3
Hispanic 11.4
1 3/2005 Census report on Arab Americans
Earnings in 2002 by educational attainment and
race
HsGrad Bach Advanced
NHWhite $28,756 $53,185 $74,122
Black $16,516 $42,285 $59,944
Asian $24,900 $46,628 $72,852
Hisp $24,163 $40,949 $67,679
Black some college $27,626 ~= $28,756 white hs grad
Foreign
4 Year College Rate spectrum
------------------------------
http://www.arthurhu.com/index/acollege.htm#college90
1990 Census
\doc\95\12\asiark90.txt
4 or more years of college, over 25
Group Rate Index White=1.00
IndImm 58.5
Gay 58.3 2.71 (Overlooked Opinions)
Indian 58.1 2.70
ChinImm 51.0
Russian 48.0 2.23
Jewish 47.0 2.18 (LA Times poll)
IndiaImm 44.0
FilipImm 42.3
OthAsian 41.7 1.94
Chinese 40.7 1.89
Filipino 39.3 1.83
Asian 37.7 1.75
AsianPI 36.6 1.70
Japnese 34.5 1.60
Korean 34.5 1.60
Evangelical(1)33.0
Thai 32.8 1.53
FilAmBorn 22.4
White 21.5 1.00
US 20.3 -1.06
Vietnam 17.4 -1.24
OtherPI 15.8 -1.36
Hawaiian 11.9 -1.81
Black 11.4 -1.89
PacIsl 10.8 -1.99
Polynes 10.8 -1.99
Micrones 10.2 -2.11
Guamanian 10.0 -2.15
Hispanic 9.2 -2.34
Samoan 8.0 -2.69
Melanesian 7.5 -2.87
Tongan 5.8 -3.71
Cambodia 5.7 -3.77
Laotian 5.4 -3.98
Hmong 4.9 -4.39
1 - Creationism Washington Post Oct 5, 1999
Proportions of Americans who have completed college by
self-identified ancestries (2)
Hispanic 9.2
Black 11.4
French-Canadian 16.7 percent
Dutch 18.5
Italian 21.0
Irish 21.2
German 22.0
Finnish 24.2
Norwegian 26.0
Danish 27.4
Swedish 27.4
Scotch-Irish 28.2
English 28.4
Welsh 31.8
Scottish 33.6
Asian 37.7
Russian 49.0
2. U.S. Census data reported by Andrew Hacker, "Caste, Crime and
Precocity," p. 105 in Steven Fraser (ed.), The Bell Curve Wars (New
York: HarperCollins, 1995).
Rates by city
-------------
@@administration
Many picks for administration are obviously attempts to be politically
correct, with final candidates being in some cases, one of each group
and each gender.
\doc\96\04\sjhead.txt NewsHound@sjmercury.com Jun 12,
1996 Illinois college official to head S.J./Evergreen By Laura
Kurtzman A white woman was chosen as chancellor of the the San
Jose/Evergreen Community College District, but she was opposed by two
trustees who felt she lacked "diversity" experience as a white person.
\doc\95\10\uwregent.txt - Of UWashigton 9, 1 Asian, 1 Black, 3 women
"Lowry names two women to UW Board of Regents" Seattle Times June 27,
1995
@@admissions
See Affirmative Action
@@admissions requirements
THE VIEW FROM HIGHER EDUCATION: PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES RESPOND TO
EDUCATIONAL REFORM MDS-913 Alexander C. McCormick Martha Naomi Alt
Sonya Geis MPR Associates National Center for Research in Vocational
Education http://ncrve.berkeley.edu/MDS-913/MDS-913-FINDING.html
One state, Kansas, had neither curriculum requirements nor strong
recommendations since in-state high school graduates are
automatically eligible to attend any public four-year institution.[9]
@@advanced placement exams
\priv\96\04\apexam.txt
25-50% of students in Germany England and Wales take AP exams,
20-30% of students pass
In the US 8% take the test, 5% passed.
@@All
Common wisdom is that everybody must complete 4 years of college with
college prep education or be a failure.
4/22/2001 Opposition to state tests grows louder Education officials
say concerns about meeting new standards are misplaced Debby Abe; The
News Tribune Steve Mullin, vice president of the Washington
Roundtable, a public policy group of corporate executives. "What
used to be good for the college-bound [WASL test] is now required for
every student if they are going to have the opportunities and options
in life we all want for them."
@@athlete
\priv\96b\05\athlgrad.txt Date: Fri, 28 Jun 1996 01:18:18 -0400 From:
NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) Graduation Rates Up for
Basketball Players While Women's Rates Decline By CRAIG HORST.
Source: NCAA as cited in
Graduation Rates Up for Basketball Players While Women's Rates Decline
By CRAIG HORST
ap 6/28/96
Ranked by rate
Freshmen entering in 1989
percent group
70white female athletes
67women athletes
67white football
61white non-athletes
59women nonathletes
58athletes 1989
58black female athletes
57other students 1989
54other students 1985
53white male basketball
52athletes 1985
46black football
44black male basketball
44male basketball
43black non-athletes
Comment - whites and women generally
graduate at higher rates.
@@Bias
z90\clip\2005\10\biasfund.txt
http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/multipage/documents/04998793.asp
Issue Date: September 30 - October 6, 2005
Ideologues are paying big bucks to influence the college experience
but you wont hear that from your school
BY DAVID S. BERNSTEIN
_________________________________________________________________
Who Gives
Top conservative funders of colleges, with other sample grant
recipients:
Walton Family Foundation $15,788,166
Charter schools nationwide, National Tax Limitation Foundation
Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation $6,635,384
Focus on the Family, Heritage, Right to Life of Michigan
John M. Olin Foundation $6,217,384
National Right to Work Legal Defense, Institute for Justice
Smith Richardson Foundation $5,232,959
American Enterprise Institute, Linda Chavez, Manhattan Institute
Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation $3,613,950
Cardinal Newman Society, US English, Manhattan Institute
Richard Lounsbery Foundation $2,252,917
Science & Environmental Policy Project, Independent Institute
Randolph Foundation $2,126,000
Americas Future Foundation, English-Speaking Union
Sarah Scaife Foundation $1,678,000
Accuracy in Media, Pacific Legal Foundation, Tax Foundation
Earhart Foundation $876,648
Frontiers of Freedom Institute, Ave Maria School of Law
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation $870,759
National Review Institute, Heritage, Intercollegiate Studies Institute
Top liberal funders of colleges, with sample grant recipients:
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation $27,322,842
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Conservation Fund
Ford Foundation $26,542,242
ACLU, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Conservation Fund
Ahmanson Foundation $9,854,500
LA Gay & Lesbian Community Services, environmental groups
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation $6,915,177
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, World Wildlife Fund
Chicago Community Trust $6,747,532
NAACP, Nature Conservancy, Planned Parenthood
Open Society Institute $5,505,637
Funders for Lesbian and Gay Issues, Human Rights Watch
Tides Foundation $2,896,945
Abortion Access Project, Feminist Majority Foundation
Charles H. Revson Foundation $1,817,800
The American Prospect, Childrens Defense Fund, Tides Center
Otto Bremer Foundation $1,489,291
Outfront, Jobs Now Coalition, ACLU
Philadelphia Foundation $750,010
AIDS Fund, International Planned Parenthood, LAMDA
Source: Compiled by the Boston Phoenix from most foundations
most-recent available annual reports to the Internal Revenue Service.
Harvard University $9,219,333
Conservative foundations: $2,057,554
Program on Constitutional Government,
Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies
Liberal foundations: $7,161,779
Edward S. Mason Program in Public Policy and Management
Civil Rights Project
Pluralism Project
@@Black Best
http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/120998blacks-college-guide.html
December 9, 1998 By William H. Honan New York Times "A new guide ranking
the 50 top colleges and universities where African Americans are most
likely to succeed will be published next month as a 10-page feature in the
monthly business magazine, Black Enterprise.
Stanford on top black college list
http://www.hotcoco.com/news/nation/stories/bon83855.htm
December 9, 1998 By Nichole Monroe Cox News Service
"The Top 10: 1. Spelman College, Atlanta 2. Morehouse College, Atlanta 3.
Florida A&M University, Tallahassee 4. Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta
5. Howard University, Washington, D.C. 6. Xavier University, New Orleans
7. Hampton University, Hampton, Va. 8. Tuskeegee University, Tuskeegee,
Ala. 9. North Carolina A&T University, Greensboro 10. Stanford University,
Palo Alto --Source: Black Enterprise Magazine.
Stanford was the only predominantly white college on the list.
@@black general
see the original report at
home page http://www.patterson-uncf.org/dbook.html
\clip\97\06\websum.pdf (acrobat)
MORE BLACKS GRADUATE FROM COLLEGE, BUT STILL BEHIND WHITES (YEAH, BUT
WHITES ARE BEHIND ASIANS!)
http://www.seattletimes.com/extra/browse/html97/educ_022797.html
\clip\97\06\afamcoll.txt Copyright © 1997 The Seattle Times Company
Thursday, Feb. 27, 1997 More black women going to college; black
enrollment overall lags whites
219% AfAm women 1st professional degrees past 10 years
55% AfAm women bachelor degrees past 20 years
Black White
30% 14% Receive remedial training
Blacks are 10% of undergrads, but only 6% of bachelor degees
Twice as likely to be unemployed as whites on graduation
5% of college faculty are black
@@black, historically black
\CLIP\97\06\BLAKCOL2.TXT Times Tribune 2/27/97 Blacks trail in higher
education, study finds / Despite some impressive achievements, they
are underrepresented at undergraduate level Black enrollment at
historically black schools increased by 21 percent between 1976 and
1994. They awarded 28.5 percent of all bachelor's degrees to black
students.
\doc\95\06\soutcoll.txt
"College degree and race" USA Today May 18, 1995
Southern Education Foundation found in 12
southern states:
In 10 of 12 states, 60% of black first-time
freshmen attended historically black
colleges or community colleges
@@California State University
The University of California is chartered to take the top 15%, the
California state system takes the top 1/3 according to
timlee@netcom.com:
However, about half of California State University freshmen are
placed into remedial (high school level) English courses. Also,
about half of CSU freshmen are placed in remedial math courses.
Given that CSU takes students from the top one third of high school
graduates, the fact that so many CSU freshmen are still doing
high school level work in college is disturbing.
@@Catholic
Catholics are equal to average in everything, and college is not
exception, see @@Religion for details.
One fellow who disagrees: Moira The most
under-represented group at Stanford are Irish Catholics. In the Ivy
League schools, Italian Americans are the most under-represented,
followed by Irish Americans. I heard the breakdown from an interview
on C-Span. There was a conference of the National Italian American
Foundation and the President was talking about a study they did. The
Italian Americans were THE MOST under-represented group in the Ivy
League colleges.
@@Census
http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-24.pdf
Issued August 2003 Educational Attainment: 2000
Census 2000 Brief
Sex 25 and over HS Some Bach Advanced
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,077,686 80.1 52.5 26.1 10.0
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,133,953 80.7 51.1 22.8 7.8
Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin
White alone... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,085,659 83.6 54.1 26.1 9.5
Black or African American alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,858,095 72.3 42.5 14.3 4.8
American Indian and Alaska Native alone . . . . . . . . . 1,350,998 70.9 41.7 11.5 3.9
Asian alone . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,640,671 80.4 64.6 44.1 17.4
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone . . 206,675 78.3 44.6 13.8 4.1
Some other race alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,611,121 46.8 25.0 7.3 2.3
Two or more races. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,458,420 73.3 48.1 19.6 7.0
Hispanic or Latino (of any race).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18,270,377 52.4 30.3 10.4 3.8
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,786,263 85.5 55.4 27.0 9.8
http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-24.pdf
Issued August 2003 Educational Attainment: 2000
Census 2000 Brief
Adults 25 and over HS Some Bach Advanced
Ranked by advanced degree HS SC BA AD
Asian alone . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 64.6 44.1 17.4
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 52.5 26.1 10.0
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino.. . . . 85.5 55.4 27.0 9.8
White alone... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.6 54.1 26.1 9.5
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.7 51.1 22.8 7.8
Two or more races. . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 48.1 19.6 7.0
Black or African American alone . . . . . 72.3 42.5 14.3 4.8
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 78.3 44.6 13.8 4.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone . . 70.9 41.7 11.5 3.9
Hispanic or Latino (of any race).. . . . . 52.4 30.3 10.4 3.8
Some other race alone . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 25.0 7.3 2.3
HS = high school completed SC = some college
BA = bachelor degree AD = advanced degree
Based on Census 2000 sample data, the proportion Hispanic was 8.0
percent for Whites, 1.9 percent for Blacks, 14.6 percent for American
Indians and Alaska Natives, 1.0 percent for Asians, 9.5 percent for
Pacific Islanders, 97.1 percent for those reporting Some other race,
and 31.1 percent for those reporting Two or more races.
@@City
2002: SEATTLE, SAN FRANCISCO, RALEIGH TOP IN BACH DEGREE
MA HAS HIGHEST RATE OF ENGINEERING GRADS
Seattle Post Intelligencer May 11, 2004
"In science and math" dan richman
us census 2002 survey 48.8% of Seattle bachelor degree
vs 25.9 national
Raleigh and San Francisco are nearly as high
By State:
ma 35.5 highest state in USA
wa 29.7 11th highest state
In WA, 48% of hs students take 4 yrs of math
#1 college engineering graduates
~62% MA
mi
co
va
md
ca
ga
tx
wa 25%
WA DC, ATLANTA, SAN FRANCISCO, OAKLAND, SEATTLE TOPS IN COLLEGE
50 largest cities
Residents with college degrees 2000
1 Washington 81%
2 Atlanta 68%
3 San Francisco 63%
4 Oakland CA 62%
5 Seattle 54%
6 Austin TX 52%
7 Boston 49%
8 Denver 48%
9 New Orleans 48%
10 Dallas 48%
Bottom 10
41 St. Louis 28%
42 Fresno CA 28%
43 Oaklahoma Cy 28%
44 Milwaukee 25%
45 Philadelphia 24%
46 Mesa Ariz. 24%
47 Jacksonville 24%
48 Las Vegas 22%
49 Cleveland 16%
50 Detroit 15%
Source:
Broookings Institution Center on Urban
and Metropolitan Policy / Census
As citied in Seattle Times 11/11/03
"Fight for the Future"
\clip\97\19\howsmart\howsmart.htm "How Smart Is Your City?" Fortune
Aug 18, 1997
http://www.pathfinder.com/@@eg9CVgcAXfQnH1mF/fortune/1997/970818/fir1.html
Best Educated Cities
(as ranked by Moran Stahl & Boyer, consulting in business location selection)
20.0% 1. Iowa City, Iowa
17.8% 2. Champaign Ill
17.6% 3. Stamford Conn.
17.2% 4. Bloomington Ind
17.2% 4. Bryan Texas
17.0% 6. Gainesville Fla
16.7% 7. Lawrence Kan.
16.4% 8. Boulder Colo.
16.2% 9. Columbia Mo.
15.8% 10. Santa Fe. N.M.
15.8% 10. Washington DC
14.9% 12. Charlottesvill Va.
13.8% 13. Danbury Conn.
13.5% 14. Madison Wisc
12.8% 15. San Francisco
%%dc
Census Finds Area Getting More Educated
By D'Vera Cohn
Washington Post Staff Writer
Thursday, July 10, 2003; Page A01
Forty-two percent of adults in the region hold at least a college
degree, far higher than the national share of 24 percent.
@@Community College
%%Open Admissions
\clip\98\02\newscli2.txt New York Times Editorial Hold On to Open
Admissions " New York City's open admissions policy is the norm, not
just around the state but throughout the country. The policy as
practiced in every state allows any student with a high school
diploma or the equivalent to enter community college. The aim is to
provide students with a chance to bolster their skills enough to get
into four-year colleges."
@@Computer
ONLY 41% AT BLACK COLLEGES VS 80% USE COMPUTERS
\clip\99\03\collcomp.txt
http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/01/biztech/articles/25frosh.html
New York Times January 25, 1999 College Freshmen's Internet Use a Way
of Life, but Disparities Emerge By WILLIAM H. HONAN
A huge 82.9 percent of new freshmen -- more than 4 out of 5 students
-- say they are using the Internet for research or homework. Nearly
two-thirds, 65.9 percent, report that they communicate by e-mail.
students entering elite private colleges say 80.1 percent use
computers regularly, and those attending traditionally black public
institutions, 41.1 percent of whom say that.
@@Cost
http://collegepuzzle.stanford.edu/?p=225
College Costs Soar Over Past Twenty Years
The US Education Department’s Digest of Education Statistics reports
that between 1976-77 and 2007-08 average undergraduate tuition, fees,
room and board increased from $7,914 to $15,665 after adjusting for
inflation. Federal financial aid did not come close to matching these
cost increases over that period. Obama’s increases in Pell grants will
help, but I suspect more students will opt for less expensive
community colleges in the coming decade.
http://www.air.org/news/pr/DEStatPR.aspx
Between 1976–77 and 2007–08, average undergraduate tuition, fees, and
room and board increased from $7,914 to $15,665, after adjusting for
inflation (table 331).
full table http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/
here is the table, in constant 2006-07 dollars
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d08/tables/dt08_331.asp
in "current" dollars rise from $2,275 to $16,245
MIT/Stanford not for profit 4 yr universities $4,715 to $40,640
Seattle Times Oct 17, 2000
College Board 2000:
$3,510 tuition $4,960 room and board public college
$16,332 $6,209 private
@@course preparation
\doc\95\06\soutcoll.txt
"College degree and race" USA Today May 18, 1995
Southern Education Foundation found in 12
southern states:
Blacks are:
25% of college-age population
16% full-time freshmen
10% bachelor degrees
Percentage of test-takers who had taken
college prep courses:
White 67%
Black 53%
@@Degree
BLACK MAY BE 12% OF POPULATION, BUT ONLY 3% OF PHD, 6.7% OF BACHELORS
DEGREES.
Degrees Earned by Race and Ethnicity, USA National Center for
Education Statistics (1996 Statistical Abstract of US, table no. 305)
Breakout by Arthur Hu
Percentages of Degrees Awarded in US 1993
White Black HispanicAsian NativeAmNR Alien
Associate 79.9 8.3 5.9 3.3 0.9 1.8
Bachelors 81.7 6.7 3.9 4.4 0.5 2.8
Masters 75.6 5.4 2.9 3.8 0.4 12
Doctorate 63.5 3.2 2 3.8 0.3 27.3
First Professional 81.1 5.5 4 6.9 0.5 2
Note that most colleges seek to hire college faculty, administrators,
and admit professional degree students in proportions matching the
population which is nearly 12% black nationally and predominantly
black in some cities, but only 7% of bachelor degrees, 5% of
professional degrees and 3% of doctorates are black.
Also for those who believe we don't need any more skilled immigrants,
27.3% of doctorates were earned by foreign students, many of whom
eventually stay.
Source: See US
Statistical Abstract Education see page 45, table 305 colldeg.wk1
Web citation http://www.arthurhu.com/acollege.htm#degree
@@discrimination
Chinese expelled from U Texas Med Schools, now 20% Asian graduates.
http://www.chron.com/content/chronicle/metropolitan/97/01/05/asians.3-0.html
\clip\97\06\medbias.txt 1/4/1997 Two Asian students allege bias
Supporters call for probes into UT By ERIC HANSON Copyright 1997
Houston Chronicle
Supporters of two Asian medical students said the men were
discriminated against by University of Texas Medical School system
officials and are calling for federal and state investigations into
the matter.
\doc\95\06\sjsdiver.txt "SJS diversity breeds
discord" San Jose Mercury News April 30, 1995
Asian students have not complained much about discrimination, although
they tend to socialize and study among themselves, although Blacks and
Hispanics have complained of racial incidents
@@dropout, graduation rate, completion
Summary: Asians graduate at highest, blacks at lowest rates
nationwide and at most campuses. Racism may explain low rates for
blacks, but how to explain high rates for Asians? They study harder?
Naaaah.
ACT figures that 26% drop out of 4 yr, 45% drop outof 2 yr college
after 1st year.
College Grad spectrum Ranked by Asian
---------------------
US 1994 W1.00 B-1.75 H-1.37 A 1.09
Texas 6yr 1998 W1.00 B-1.96 H-1.61 A 1.05
Princeton 1994 W1.00 B-3.50 H-1.50 A-1.75
UC Berkeley 90 W1.00 B-2.00 A ???
Z75\clip\2003\12\blcograd.txt
The New York Times
Dec. 30, 2003
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/30/education/30BLAC.html?
pagewanted=print&position=
Colleges Struggle to Help Black Men Stay Enrolled
*Women outnumber men at most colleges, but the gap is especially large
among black students. Nationally, barely a quarter of the 1.9 million
black men between 18 and 24 - prime college-going years - were in
college in 2000, according to the American Council on Education's most
recent report on minorities in higher education. By comparison, 35
percent of black women in the same age group were enrolled..
*Only 35 percent of the black men who entered N.C.A.A. Division I
colleges in 1996, for example, graduated within six years, compared
with 59 percent of the white men, 46 percent of the Hispanic men, 41
percent of the American Indian men and 45 percent of the black women
who entered the same year.
ONLY 1/3 RENEW GA HOPE COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIP \clip\99\10\hope.txt Many
Freshmen Lose Eligibility for Hope Scholarship. Chronicle of Higher
Education April 20, 1999 Only 36% of merit based Georgia HOPE
scholarship (mostly minority) students renew or are qualified their
2nd year. It is for B high school students, they must maintain B
average in college. ACT survey shows 26% drop out of 4 yr, 45% drop
out of 2 yr colleges after their first year.
"Linking College Enrollments to State Racial Makeup" Los Angeles
Times Jan 2, 1991 p. A7. A UC study of doctorate granting instiutions
showed only 24% of blacks and 25% of Latinos graduate nationwide
compared to 45% for whites A task force cited Berkeley as one of few
making progress, with 45% black graduation rate mirroring the
nationwide average for whites. 57% Latino, 71% Asian. (But lower than
whites and Asians at same campus)
\clip\99\04\edclip11.txt College graduation parity a long way off,
report suggests Minorities to lag without aid, it says 01/30/99
By Jayne Noble Suhler / The Dallas Morning News=20 AUSTIN - It will
take at least 80 years for black and Hispanic students to graduate
from college at the same rate as their white peers unless changes are
made, a state demographer warned this week.
About 55 percent of whites enrolled in college graduate within six
years, according to board reports. About 28 percent of black students
graduate within six years, compared with 34 percent of Hispanics,= 38
percent of American Indians and 58 percent of Asian-Americans.
Texas 6yr 1998 W1.00 B-1.96 H-1.61 A1.05
\doc\95\05\filgrad.txt - UCLA Filipino 83=40% 93=Fil 60% As 85% Wh 78%
\doc\94\20\mineng.wk1 - Increase in minority engineer enrollment
Survey: Minority enrollment on rise
Electronic Engineering Times June 10, 1991 p. 107
Figures from National Action Council For Minorities in Engineering
Retention rates - percent who get 4 year degrees in engineering
Black Hisp Women
33% 50% 66%
"Minority grads hit high" Electrial Engineering Times
Jan 23, 1995 p. 69
- Two of three minority freshmen who enroll in engineering
do not graduate, double the one in three for nonminorities.
- One of two vs. 9 of 10 Whites or Asians graduate from
freshman to sophomore year.
\doc\94\19\edrace94.wk1
US 6 yr college graduation rates W1.00 B-1.75 H-1.37 A1.09
\doc\94\19\princdrp.wk1 - Dropout Rate at Princeton - Asians
somewhat higher than whites.
6 Year Dropout Rate: W1.00 B3.50 H1.50 A1.75
The Princeton Sentinel April 1994 p. 11
MIT early 80's 15% white 30% black 2:1
MIT early 90's 10% white 25% black 2.5:1
5/16/94 phone conversation with MIT admissions
office.
check rimano or vicki diaduik in registrar
doc\94\5\priv\college.txt US News survey
UC Berkeley black rate 2X white rate
@@Earnings Advantage
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703822404575019082819966538.html?mod=WSJ_hp_mostpop_read
FEBRUARY 2, 2010 What's a Degree Really Worth? Mary Pilon
A college education may not be worth as much as you think. College
Board touted the difference in lifetime earnings of college grads over
high-school graduates at $800,000, a widely circulated figure. Other
estimates topped $1 million.
The problem stems from the common source of the estimates, a 2002 Census Bureau report titled "The Big Payoff." The report said the average high-school graduate earns $25,900 a year, and the average college graduate earns $45,400, based on 1999 data. The difference between the two figures is $19,500; multiply it by 40 years, as the Census Bureau did, and the result is $780,000.
The problem stems from the common source of the estimates, a 2002
Census Bureau report titled "The Big Payoff." The report said the
average high-school graduate earns $25,900 a year, and the average
college graduate earns $45,400, based on 1999 data. The difference
between the two figures is $19,500; multiply it by 40 years, as the
Census Bureau did, and the result is $780,000.
Mark Schneider, a vice president of the American Institutes for
Research, a nonprofit research organization based in Washington, calls
it "a million-dollar misunderstanding
They don't take into account deductions from income taxes or breaks in
employment. Nor do they factor in debt, particularly student debt
loads, which have ballooned for both public and private colleges in
recent years. In addition, the income data used for the Census
estimates is from 1999, when total expenses for tuition and fees at
the average four-year private college were $15,518 per year.
Dr. Schneider estimated the actual lifetime-earnings advantage for
college graduates is a mere $279,893 in a report he wrote last year.
He included tuition payments and discounted earning streams, putting
them into present value. He also used actual salary data for graduates
10 years after they completed their degrees
Kelly Dunleavy, who graduated in 2007 from the University of
California, Berkeley, with $60,000 in loans. She now works as a
reporter for a small newspaper in the Bay Area and earns $34,000 a
year
.. The report's author, Sandy Baum—an emeritus Skidmore College
economics professor who didn't write the promotional text on the Web
site—says that $450,000 is actually a more reasonable estimate ..
- College Board has removed the $800,000 figure
William Mitchell replied: Christopher Kuhn's comment about the time
value of money is exactly right. I ran this calculation last October
with the College Board's own data. Result: negative lifetime ROI for
more than half of private college attendees. I then inquired with a
private college trustee, and he confided that yes, this is a big
problem. My calculation here:
http://nostradoofus.com/2009/10/19/has-college-become-a-bad-investment/
Edward Joback replied: our community organizer in chief is making
college into an entitlement. We will now further tax coal miners and
other non-degreed people to subsidize those that go on to, what is for
many, a 4-6 year vacation or postponement of adulthood. Further
government intervention only exacerbates the cost of higher education
as the whole supply/demand dynamic is distorted
@@English Graduation Requirement
"Reading, Writing, and Graduation" Wall Street Journal June 10, 1997
ed. F061997 Dorothy Rabinowitz.
\clip\97\15\cuny.txt New York Times June 5, 1997 CUNY May Bar 200
Diplomas at 3 More Colleges Over Test By KAREN W. ARENSON NEW YORK --
The furor over City University standards spread to three more
community colleges on Wednesday, as university trustees threatened to
withhold diplomas from hundreds of graduating students who had not
passed a newly required English test.
@@enrollment population
\doc\web\97\04\enrostat.wk1
1995 Enrollments by State
Total AmInd Asian Black HispanicWhite Foreign
CA 1817042 21139 314877 138218 357893 905116 79799
WA 285819 5225 22451 10599 10197 228386 8961
USA 14261781 131304 797359 1473672 109383910311243 454364
Total AmInd Asian Black HispanicWhite Foreign
CA 100.0% 1.2% 17.3% 7.6% 19.7% 49.8% 4.4%
WA 100.0% 1.8% 7.9% 3.7% 3.6% 79.9% 3.1%
USA 100.0% 0.9% 5.6% 10.3% 7.7% 72.3% 3.2%
complete report is at
http://www.ed.gov/NCES/pubs97/97440.html
\clip\97\14\collenro.pdf
Table 1-3. Percent distribution of total enrollment in institutions
of higher education, by race/ethnicity and student level: 50 states
and the District of Columbia, fall 1995
Student level Total
number
White Black Hisp Asian NAm Alien
All students ..................... 14,261,781 72.3% 10.3% 7.7% 5.6% 0.9% 3.2%
Undergraduate............... 12,231,719 72.0 10.9 8.3 5.7 1.0 2.2
First-time, first-year... 2,168,831 71.1 11.6 8.8 5.6 1.1 1.9
Other undergraduates 10,062,888 72.2 10.7 8.2 5.7 1.0 2.3
First-professional........... 297,592 75.0 7.2 4.6 9.9 0.7 2.5
Graduate ....................... 1,732,470 74.0 6.8 3.9 4.4 0.5 10.4
NOTE: Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100. SOURCE: U.S.
Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall
Enrollment survey, 1995.
The best law and medical schools shoot for full population
representation of blacks of about 12%, but they are only 7% of first
professional degree students.
@@enrollment rate
Percentage of US 20-24 year old population enrolled in school:
1993 30.8% ***************
1945 3.9% **
source: National Center for Education Statistics, cited in
Wall Street Journal April 24, 1995
\doc\95\06\incmineq.txt In 1990 60% of high school graduates went on
to college compared to 49% in 1980
\doc\95\06\soutcoll.txt
"College degree and race" USA Today May 18, 1995
Southern Education Foundation found in 12
southern states:
Blacks are:
25% of college-age population
16% full-time freshmen
10% bachelor degrees
asian.college.taiwan
A's for effort have Taiwan up in arms
San Jose Mercury News Aug 6, 1993 p. 18A
Of 125,000 who took the 1993 college exam, only
40% will gain places in the nation's 48 universities
and colleges.
(By comparison, over 50% of American youth will start
college, and many don't take any exams)
\doc\95\02\cens301.txt One-third of African American 18- to
24-year-old high school graduates and 42 percent of comparable Whites
were enrolled in college in 1993.
Asian.College.Enrollment
d:\doc\95\01\coll60.txt 60% go to college, wages down for HS grad
Dollar gap tells the tale: Get a college degree
Seattle Post Intelligencer 1/7/94 p. C4
L.M. Sixel
d:\doc\94\19\edrace94.wk1
HS graduates enrolled in college
1973 W1.00 B-1.25 H-1.03
1993 W1.00 B-1.27 H-1.17
\priv\95\04\mincoll.txt - minorities grow slowly, The actual number
of minorities going to college rose slightly in 1993 -- up 1.3
percent for blacks, 3.6 percent for Hispanics and 3.9 percent
for*Asian*Americans over 1992. Just 33 percent of all
18-to-24-year-old black high school graduates and 36 percent of
Hispanic graduates enrolled in college in 1993, compared with nearly
42 percent of whites, the study said.
@@Europe
COLLEGE IS TOUGHER IN EUROPE MAYBE TOO TOUGH
\clip\98\09\edeuro.txt THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, BOSTON -
TUESDAY, MAY 12, 1998 LEARNING, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES REFLECTIONS
ON AMERICAN VS. EUROPEAN EDUCATION By John Miller
All my friends want to come study in America because it's so easy,"
my Belgian friend Nicolas told me last week.
@@Export
US $8 BILLION AHEAD IN COLLEGE EDUCATION TRADE BALANCE
\clip\97\07\export.txt From: dchiang@juno.com American Education
exports strong Nation has huge advantage in teaching international
students Correspondent Irv Chapman December 11, 1996: 5:27 p.m. ET
NEW YORK (CNNfn) United States is $8 billion ahead in foreign college
students compare to those it sends abroad.
@@faculty - see hiring
@@Filipino
Filipinos were, and on some campuses, still are given admissions
preferences at the University of California, however, there is no
evidence that Filipinos historically were ever under-represented. In
the 90's, Filipinos were officially removed from affirmative action
at Berkeley and UCLA, however they had the LOWEST admission rates,
even lower than the foreign students, which indicates that they may
have been the object of illegal discrimination, and they were
under-represented in Berkeley for the first time.
Campus Stud Pop
--------------------------------------
University of Washington 2% 0.9%
FILIPINOS ARE ONLY 2% OF UNIV WASHINGTON.. BUT THEY WERE ONLY 0.9% OF
THE POPULATION!
"Filipinos hold Bigayan Benefit Carey Guidici Northwest Asian Weekly
Dec 7, 1996 p. 1 Tom Colonese Asst. Vice President of University of
Washington Office of Minority Affairs notes that Filipinos are only
2.4% of the student body at the UW, and they are less than one
percent of the dental students. (Note - in 1990, Filipinos were only
0.9% of the state population, so they are actually OVER represented)
\doc\95\14\caethnic.wk1 California Education by Ethnicity
Oct 30, 1995
Ethnic Groups in California Education: 1987
Source: California Postsecondary Education Commision staff
analysis
(this table shows that filipinos are at or over parity at
most levels of higher education in California)
@@financial aid
%%discount
COLLEGE COSTS NOT REALLY GOING UP, MOST PAY LESS THAN 50%
z56\clip\2002\06\colldisc.txt
http://slate.msn.com/?id=2066353
The Socialist Economics of College Tuition
Why elite universities charge $38,000 per year, and why they don't expect you to pay it.
By Peter Scheer
May 30, 2002
Middle-income families paid a discounted tuition of $10,794 in 1988
(in year 2000 constant dollars); the same families in 2001 paid
$11,024, an increase of just 2 percent in 13 years. Low-income
families actually experienced a reduction in tuition, from a 1988 net
of $7,667 to $5,907 in 2000. Only families paying the sticker price
saw a big increase in tuition in real terms. But even their tuition
cost represented about the same share of family income in 2001 as in
1988, according to Winston and Hill.
%%race
\doc\94\19\collaid.wk1 - College Financial Aid
Aid Amount W1.0($2,927) B-1.16($2,527) H-1.05($2,800) A1.38($4,032)
Percent Receiving Aid W1.0(50%) B 1.16(58%) H-1.02(49%) A1.08(54%)
Pell Grants W1.0 B 2.17 H 1.58 A1.33
Loans W1.0 B 1.36 H1.07 A1.14
Employer Assistance W1.0 B-1.46 H-1.58 A-2.11
Asians nearly most likely to receive aid, receive the most aid, 40%
higher than whites (because they get into better schools?) Asians more
likely to get loans, least likely to get employer assistance
Source: "Half of college students now need financial aid"
Seattle PI Oct 26, 1994 p. A8
@@foreign
%%Cost
Frank Forman says that Regards how much we are subsidizing the
education of foreign students: I cooked up some estimates in 1987, 2
1/2 years after I came to the U.S. Department of Education. Upshot is
that foreign students pay a sixth of the total cost of instructing
them.
Based on some very thorough accounting work done by Gordon Winston, of
Williams College, I calculated that EVEN IF foreign students enrolled
in public universities were to pay sticker-price tuition (including
the out-of-state tuition at UCLA, for example), the average subsidy
per foreign student is $10,000 a year. There are almost 300,000
foreign students enrolled in public universities today. We are
subsidizing them around $3 billion a year! [George Borjas]
%%General
FOREIGN STUDENTS BRING IN $13B IN 1998-99
The Institute of International Education reported
in Open Doors 1998/99 that a record 491,000 foreign students were
enrolled at US colleges and universities-three percent of US college
students. According to IIE, the foreign students had a $13 billion
impact on the US economy, bringing 75 percent of the funds used to
pay for tuition and housing from outside the US. For more
information: http://www.opendoorsweb.org
US FALLS FROM 40 TO 32% OF WORLD FORN STUD MARKET
\clip\98\13\fostud.txt
For Many Foreign Students, U.S. Colleges Cost Too Much By WILLIAM H.
HONAN The New York Times, Sunday, September 27, 1998
Most popular nation for foreign students
1 458,000 USA
2 170,000 France
Unesco
US flat since 93
"ONLY" 48% OF FOREIGN PHD IN SCI AND ENG STAYED NSF study in 1994,
"More Science Grad Students" Business Week Mar 5, 2001 p. 30 Foreign
students up by 7.7%, US citizens, perm residents down -0.5%. Note
that though foreign students were up, it was not at the expense of
blacks, who are ALSO up.
MOST FOREIGN STUDENTS ARE FROM ASIA, IN ENGINEERING, MANY WILL
STAY TO HELP US INDUSTRY
\clip\97\03\forstud.txt
http://www.techweb.com/se/directlink.cgi?EET19970203S0143
EE Times February 03, 1997, Issue: 939
"Foreign students move in" By Robert Bellinger
This citation
http://www.arthurhu.com/index/
Top Majors
33% engineering / science
16% business
8% social science
Top countries
1995-96
453,787 Total
45,531 Japan
39,613 People's Republic of China
36,231 South Korea
32,702 Taiwan
Foreign Students 1996
57.3 Asian
14.8 European
48% Undergraduate
42% Graduate
"on average, Japanese and Korean engineering students have returned
home because they have thriving industries and jobs waiting for them.
Indians and Taiwanese have tended to seek jobs in the United States."
\doc\95\14\immgcoll.txt David Chiang notes why so many
Asian students go to engineering schools in the USA.
\doc\95\10\asiastud.txt - all top 5 nations with
foreign students are from Asia
%%Recruit
z56\clip\2002\06\recr.txt
http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/57903_green12.shtml
Community college plans dorms in bid for foreign students
Tuesday, February 12, 2002
By RUTH SCHUBERT
SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER
"Few Washington community colleges provide on-campus housing. But more
are considering the move, largely as a means of attracting
international students, who pay nearly four times the tuition
Washington students pay -- money that stays with the college and
doesn't return to the state. "
@@Free Tuition
UK ENDS FREE COLLEGE
http://www.seattletimes.com/extra/browse/html97/educ_072497.html
\clip\97\18\freecoll.txt Copyright © 1997 The Seattle Times Company
Thursday, July 24, 1997 Britain to end free college educations by
Robert Seely Associated Press Note - those who claim the UK is
better because college is free miss the fact that far more Americans
can actually, and do go to college than those that go for "free" in the UK.
@@Freedom of Speech
PROFESSOR TERMINATED FOR CONSERVATIVE COLUMNS
http://www.eagleforum.org/educate/1997/july97/er_jul97.html
\DOC\WEB\97\06\proffire.txt July 1997 Education Reporter No Academic
Freedom for the Politically Incorrect FRAMINGHAM, MA - The refusal of
Framingham State College to re-hire English Professor Eugene Narrett
has called attention to the double standard that exists on many
campuses regarding academic freedom and First Amendment rights.
@@Goal
The ultimate goal is college for all.
z48\clip\2001\03\ukgoal.txt book review by the former Chief Inspector
of Schools, Chris Woodhead, which shed some light on all this. It
appeared in the Sunday Telegraph of 18 March 2001. The New Idea of a
University by Ian Robinson and Duke Maskell (Haven Books, £18.50) The
Prime Minister wants 50 per cent of the population to go to
university. Why? Because Britain needs this number of graduates if we
are to be "globally competitive" in the "knowledge economy" of the
"new millennium".
@@Grade Inflation
MINORITIES STILL GET LOTS OF LOW GRADES.
z56\clip\2002\06\collgrad.txt
Study Finds Many C's Still Awarded, With Black Students Earning Lower Grades
on Average
News bulletin from the Chronicle of Higher Education, 2.6.27
http://chronicle.com/daily/2002/06/2002062702n.htm
[45]By CATHERINE E. SHOICHET
The report, "Profile of Undergraduates in U.S. Postsecondary Education
Institutions: 1999-2000
14.5 percent of students received mostly A's, more than a third of
students received grades mostly at or below the C mark. 48.9
percent of African-American undergraduates received these grades
"The big disparity that we should be concerned about is that the
privileged are incredibly prepared to go to college. "
Race
One race FCD BC B AB As
White 30.3 16.2 25.3 11.7 16.5
Not Hispanic or Latino 32.4 16.4 24.7 11.3 15.2
Asian 32.2 17.7 26.4 10.1 13.6
More than one race 34.0 15.8 25.8 11.9 12.5
Hispanic or Latino 41.8 16.7 23.7 8.3 9.6
Other race 39.3 17.8 24.3 9.5 9.0
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific Islander 39.6 19.7 22.3 9.7 8.7
American Indian/Alaska Native 41.8 16.9 23.3 9.7 8.3
Black or African American 48.9 16.0 20.3 7.5 7.3
Note Asians also slightly trail whites.
The report, "Profile of Undergraduates in U.S. Postsecondary Education
Institutions: 1999-2000 Dept of Ed
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002168.PDF
\clip\99\10\inflat.txt
http://www.frontpagemag.com/archives/academia/wilson04-13-99.htm The
Phenomenon of Grade Inflation in Higher Education In Levine and
Cureton's new book, When Hope and Fear Collide you find GPAs as
reported by undergraduate students in three different years: 1= 969,
1976, and 1993. The percentage of Cs and As students received
reversed itself from th= e early year to the later year. In 1969, 7%
of all students received grades of A- or higher= By 1993, this
proportion had risen to 26%. In contrast, grades of C or less mov= ed
from 25% in 1969 to 9%
@@hiring
See California education, shows Asian under-represented among
faculty and staff.
2001: BLACKS, HISPANIC, WOMEN UNDER, BUT ASIANS OVER HIRED
FOR PROFESSORS
z87\clip\2005\tenure.txt
Percent Tenured professors vs Tenure Tract Ivy League 1993 / 2003
Black TT Hispanic TT Women TT White Men TT
2003 2 3 1 3 20 34 60 40
1993 2 3 1 2 14 31
Popul 12.3 12.5 50 35
parity -8.5 -5.6 -21.0 -7.0 -4.2 1.7(1.00)
Doctoral Degree Program Enrollment 2001
Ivy National
Black 3.7 8.9 less
Hispanic 3.1 5.3 less
Asian/Pacific Islander 7.1 5.1 more
American Indian / Alaska Native 0.3 0.6 less
International Scholars 34.7 13.1 more
Women 46.0 58.2 less
More Asians and International at Ivy than national
Approx from chart
Ivy League New Faculty Hires 2003
A B C D E F G
Under Minority 5 6 8 6 11 22 48
Asian/PI 7 10 13
Int Scholar 7 21 20
Women 21 36 40
White men 60 40 35
White 71 82 70 45
A=Tenured B= Tenure Track C=Non-Ladder
E=Faculty F=Managerial G=Secretarial & Clerical
H=Service and Maintenance
Asians also less likely to be Tenured than white if hired,
but more likely than whites on average to be hired.
report at http://www.yaleunions.org/geso/reports/Ivy.pdf z87\clip\2005\03\Ivy.pdf
EDUCATION | March 1, 2005
Little Advance Is Seen in Ivies' Hiring of Minorities and Women
By KAREN W. ARENSON
According to a report, in 2003, Ivy League campuses hired 433
professors into tenure-track jobs, but only 14 were black and 8 were
Hispanic. Women received 150 jobs.
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/01/education/01college.html
?ex=1110344400&en=003396a11f466369&ei=5070
March 1, 2005
Little Advance Is Seen in Ivies' Hiring of Minorities and Women
By KAREN W. ARENSON
Minorities and women have made little progress in breaking into the
faculty ranks of the Ivy League, according to a new report.
ASIANS UNDER-REPRESENTED AMONG NEW COLLEGE FACULTY
.txt
asfac.wk1
zip36\clip\99\17\prof.txt
Chronicle of Higher Education September 3, 1999 Survey finds more
older scholars and more women, but ethnic diversification is at a
standstill By DENISE K. MAGNER the proportion of professors who are
white has increased slightly -- from 90.4 per cent to 91.7 per cent
-- while the proportion who are black declined from 4 per cent in
1989 to 2.6 per cent last year.
ProfessoPop Rate Index
AmIndian 2.1 0.7 3.00 2.33
white 87.9 68.3 1.29 1.00
asian 4.0 4.0 1.00 -1.29
black 3.7 12.0 0.31 -4.17
hispanic 3.1 15.0 0.21 -6.23
\priv\95\17\faculty.txt DC 10/11/95 Faculty Panel Tells Why
Affirmative Action Works - Asians under-represented among graduates
and faculty
\doc\95\14\mitafac.htm MIT affirms affirmative action, notes that in
hiring staff, all groups are under-represented unlike over-represented
Asian students.
@@Hispanic
HISPANIC ADULTS MORE LIKELY TO BE IN COLLEGE -
BUT AS 2 YR OR ADULT ED
z58\clip\2002\09\lated.txt
Education Study Finds Hispanics Both Gaining and Lagging
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/education/08HISP.html
Higher Education Public
WNH Hisp
7 10 High school grads in college
46 35 18-24 in college
44 30 18-24 in 2 year programs
Interest Research Group...census data from 1997 to 2000
HISPANICS IN WA STATE AT 2YR COLLEGE PARITY, BUT OTHER MINORITIES ARE
USUALLY HIGHER
http://www.seattletimes.com/topstories/browse/html97/hisp_021297.html
c:\clip\97\04\hispup.txt Seattle Times Company Feb. 12, 1997 Hispanic
students up by 25% (comment - blacks are probably over-represented
because whites and Asians are over-represented in 4 yr institutions)
The most dramatic statewide enrollment increase in community and
technical colleges this year was among Hispanic students, whose
numbers increased by nearly 2,000, or 25 percent.
http://www.rand.org/publications/IP/IP152/
\clip\97\04\hispan\hisped.htm Rand report on increasing Hispanics
in higher education
@@History
Alice Freeman Palmer: The Evolution of a New Woman
by Ruth Bordin
http://www.press.umich.edu/bookhome/bordin/ch3.html
In 1870, according to census figures, over 11,000 women were enrolled
in some kind of higher education, mostly in classical academies and
teacher training institutions. Women were 21 percent of all students.
However, actual numbers were small. Only 0.7 percent of American
women eighteen to twenty-one years of age attended college. 6 By
1900, nearly 3 percent of college-age women were receiving training
beyond high school, and women made up 40 percent of the total
students in tertiary institutions. 7
http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/4e/04e49000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1
Source: Encarta / MSN 2000:
IV. Higher Education
Percent of Americans 18-24 enrolled in college
Percent colleges students 4 yr degree
1900 2% 1,000 157,000 <1%?
2000 60% 3,500 14,000,000 28%
@@income
Common wisdom is that minorities do poorly because of low incomes,
but in fact the do poorly even when incomes are high.
THE MOST LIBERAL COLLEGES HAVE THE HIGHEST PARENT INCOMES
\doc\web\99\11\collsurv.wk1
Special Report: Opinion on Campus
National Review Educational Supplement 1999 p. 33
Class of 1998 (interviewed in 1995) 12 colleges and universities
Parent's combined annual income: (freshmen)
A. Less than $15,000
B. $15-30,000
C. $30-50,000
D. $50-75,000
E. $75-100,000
F. More than $100,000
a b c d e f g
Liberty 7 15 27 25 11 13 0
Citadel 1 10 16 27 16 28 0
Marquette 1 12 20 22 19 21 3
UC Irvine 9 29 21 14 14 13 0
Indiana 10 19 26 17 10 17 1
UCLA 1 14 13 30 21 29 0
U. Wisconsin 3 9 23 28 14 20 1
Dartmouth 0 4 9 17 28 40 0
U. Michigan 3 6 13 17 21 33 5
Stanford 0 6 14 15 20 43 0
Yale 0 6 7 13 26 46 0
Brown 1 7 8 16 19 47 0
BLACKS DO POORLY EVEN WITH COLLEGE PARENTS AND HIGH INCOMES
\clip\98\09\racecolr.txt http:
//www.examiner.com/980607/0607race.shtml June 7, 1998, San Francisco
Examiner How race colors learning By Annie Nakao OF THE EXAMINER STAFF
It's a fact of education that few feel comfortable discussing: race matters
when it comes to academic achievement.
Studies show that the most well-off African American youngsters -- children
of middle- and upper-income families that have come the farthest since the
civil rights movement -- generally perform worse than Asian and white
children from lower-income families.
-------------------------
"Heavy immigration from Asia over
the past 30 years has led to a large increase in the number of top
students, which has helped intensify the competition for admission to
selective universities. "
California SAT scores for 1995
White Asian
750+ 39% 46%
600+ 46% 30%
College-bound students with at least one parent who had a graduate
degree, the 1997 mean combined SAT verbal and math score
1165 Asians
1130 whites
1014 Mexican Americans
951 blacks
A UC analysis last year of 1995 SAT scores in California found that
blacks from California families earning $100,000 or more per year had
a mean math score of 498, 1 point less than whites from families
earning less than $10,000 and only 7 points more than Asians whose
families made less than $10,000.
BLACK COLLEGE STUDENTS TWICE AS LIKELY TO BE POOR
Over one-half of African Americans enrolled in bachelor’s degree
programs have socioeconomic status in the lowest quarter of American
socioeconomic status (compared to less than one-quarter of whites)
and African Americans are almost three times as likely to have
incomes below $20,000. Source: United Negro College Fund THE AFRICAN
AMERICAN EDUCATION DATA BOOK, VOLUME 1: HIGHER AND ADULT EDUCATION
(1997)
Index Bottom 25% income W1.00 B-2.00
@@indian, American
\priv\96b\01\oregindi.txt - Oregon Indians are improving, but still
lag in grade point and test scores, and drop out Only 7 percent of
Indians who entered one of Oregon's public, four-year colleges and
universities in 1988-89 had a degree four years later, compared with
26 percent of all students. After six years, 41 percent of Indians
had graduated, compared with 62 percent overall. Blacks were the
only group to fare worse. While 9 percent graduated after four years,
only 29 percent had after six years.
asian.college.integration
@@integration
d:\priv\95\02\campseg.txt - campus segregation
Campus Racial Lines... Boston Globe April 5, 1994 p. 1
Alice Dembner
Nationally representative sample of students report:
According to the study, 49 percent of black students reported
studying frequently with members of another racial or ethnic group,
compared to 60 percent of Asians, 72 percent of Chicanos and only 15
percent of whites.
Fifty-five percent of blacks, 69 percent of Asians, 78 percent of
Chicanos and 21 percent of whites reported dining with someone of a
different race.
According to the study, 49 percent of black students reported
studying frequently with members of another racial or ethnic group,
compared to 60 percent of Asians, 72 percent of Chicanos and only 15
percent of whites.
Fifty-five percent of blacks, 69 percent of Asians, 78 percent of
Chicanos and 21 percent of whites reported dining with someone of a
different race.
asian college integration
doc942\priv\minmix.txt U Mich study
SJ Mercury / Detroit News 4/4//94
@@Jewish
Jewish Mothers, Brace Yourselves
Chronice of Higher Education, 2.6.5
http://chronicle.com/weekly/v48/i43/43a00703.htm
PRIME NUMBERS
Jewish Mothers, Brace Yourselves
By RICHARD MORGAN A new survey has found that when Jewish students
schlep off to college, they are likely to move a lot farther from home
than non-Jewish students and more likely to drink alcohol and have sex
once they get there. 1999 data that was averaged with
30-year trends collected by the Graduate School of Education and
Information Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.
@@Job Prospects / Earnings
On the one hand, there are those that say every American must go to
college to keep out of poverty. On the other hand, most PhD's can't
find academic or often industry jobs, and 20% of those with college
degrees will work in jobs that don't require a degree.
\clip\97\28\lowskill.txt Preferred Citation: David Howell, "The
Skills Myth," The American Prospect no. 18 (Summer 1994): 81-90
(http://epn.org/prospect/18/18howe.html) According to the U.S. Labor
Department, throughout the 1980s about 20 percent of college
graduates were working at jobs that don't normally require a degree,
and this is expected to increase to 30 percent at the end this
decade. The share of black and Hispanic college graduates with
poverty-level wages rose dramatically in this decade, from about 9
percent to just under 15 percent.
\clip\97\23\vocat.txt
www.seatimes.com (top stories search vocational)
"The Squeeze" Seattle Times Oct 7, 1997 p. D1
Market demand by degree (by percent)
----------------------------------------------------
Percentage of employers who had difficulty finding
hires with degree, higher is in more demand
----------------------------------------------------
No high school 35%
High school diploma 35%
GED 35%
Some college 56%
Associate 62%
Vocational Certificate 81%
Vocational Degree 81%
BA/BS 58%
Graduate/Prof 69%
Sources: State Board of Community and Technical Colleges; Worforce
Training and Education Coordinating Board (based on Seattle Times
chart)
Vocational and Grad/Professional are in the most demand.
Bryan Wilson, State Work Force Training and Education Coordinating
Board: 30% of available jobs require 2 yrs of college, only 19%
require a 4 year degree. Over the next 4 years, the state will
produce 28,000 jobs per year requiring 2 or 3 years of training
beyond HS, but community colleges and vocational schools will only
produce 20,700 graduates per year, many employers have to hire out of
state.
\clip\97\18\collearn.txto Business Week Updated July 17, 1997 by
bwwebmaster SHEEPSKINS ARE GOLDEN FLEECES How degrees ratchet up
earnings 4-yr 52% more than high school only, 2-yr grad school is
much more. Masters or other postgraduate 46% in 1973 to 73% in 1993.
Less than 4 yr degree only up from 15% to 19%. Bachelor's degree is
28% more than 1st year of college only, postgrad 45% more.
\clip\97\18\worker\sheep.htm
\clip\97\15\bawort.txt By THOMAS GEOGHEGAN New York Times 6/3/97
HICAGO -- It may be a good year in the job market for new
college graduates, but in the 1990's a surprising number of them have
found that a B.A. is not all that it's cracked up to be.
WE DON'T NEED MORE COLLEGE GRADS
\CLIP\97\10\EDBUBB.TXT
http://search.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPlate/1997-03/30/076L-033097-idx.ht
ml
The Education Bubble And a saturated job market. By George F. Will
"The market for PhDs is glutted: only two in five get academic jobs.
There are a million PhDs without academic employment"
"the market for college graduates is saturated: an estimated 20
percent work in jobs that do not really require a degree. Says
Matthews, "A third of Domino's pizza-de\livery drivers in the
Washington, D.C., area have BAs.""
Sunday, March 30 1997; Page C07 The Washington Post
90% OF NEW JOBS REQUIRE COLLEGE DEGREE?
Wall Street Journal 3/14/97 "Public Rates Local Schools Higher Than
National Ones" By ELLEN GRAHAM Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL "But 90% of the jobs that will be created between now and
2000 will require a college degree, according to David Haselkorn,
president of Recruiting New Teachers Inc., a nonprofit group in
Belmont, Mass."
COLLEGE GRADS EARN TWICE AS MUCH AS HS GRAD
Wall Street Journal 3/14/97 "Education Seen as Essential To Living a
Successful Life By ALBERT F. HUNT "Today, the average weekly earnings
of college graduates are almost twice that of high-school graduates;
in 1980, earnings were about one-third larger. "
ONLY 20% OF NEW JOBS REQUIRE A COLLEGE DEGREE
"Have degree, will travail" Today's Careers (Seattle Wa) March 7, 1997
F013797 Through the year 2010, Washington state will have almost 6,000
more college graduates per year than jobs requiring a four year
degree, and Oregon is similar. The U.S. Department of Labor shows that
only 20 percent of job openings require a college degree but 25
percent of people looking for jobs every year have a degree, so 20
percent of job seekers will have to take jobs they are over-educated
for. There is growth in the region, but it is mostly in electronics,
manufacturing and high-tecAsians, who have generally been
overrepresented in higher education relative to their numbers, made up
about 0.7% of the U.S. population in 1970, but only 0.4% of third-year
students in law schools in 1971-1972. By 2000, Asians made up 3.8% of
the U.S. population but 6.7% of first-year law students. FRANK HOBBS &
NICOLE STOOPS, U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN THE
20TH CENTURY 77 fig.3-4 (2002); Am. Bar Ass’n, Legal Education and Bar
Admissions Statistics, 1963-2002, at
http://www.abanet.org/legaled/statistics/le_bastats.html (last visited
Nov. 22, 2004); Am. Bar Ass’n, Minority Enrollment 1971-2002, supra
note 10 h industries. (Norman Matloff maintains that there are no jobs
in software that even require a bachelor's degree, and that job
prospects are dismal for computer software programmers)
@@Law School
%%Asian
Also see LSAT scores
ASIAN LAW STUDENTS 1/2 POP IN 1970, BUT NEARLY 2X IN 2000
z76\clip\2005\02\sander.pdf
Asians, who have generally been overrepresented in higher education
relative to their numbers, made up about 0.7% of the U.S. population
in 1970, but only 0.4% of third-year students in law schools in
1971-1972. By 2000, Asians made up 3.8% of the U.S. population but
6.7% of first-year law students. FRANK HOBBS & NICOLE STOOPS, U.S.
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN THE 20TH CENTURY 77
fig.3-4 (2002); Am. Bar Ass’n, Legal Education and Bar Admissions
Statistics, 1963-2002, at
http://www.abanet.org/legaled/statistics/le_bastats.html (last visited
Nov. 22, 2004); Am. Bar Ass’n, Minority Enrollment 1971-2002, supra
note 10
as cited in http://www1.law.ucla.edu/~sander/Documents/Sander%20FINAL.pdf
A SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Richard H. Sander*
ASIANS FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, UNDERREPRESENTED OR NOT
http://www.abanet.org/minorities/goalix/si-napaba.html NAPABA Defines
Its Position on Affirmative Action (File Format: text/html) Summary:
Others have looked at the statistics where Asian Pacific Americans are
the largest minority group on many private and public campuses and
have argued that Asian Pacific Americans no longer should benefit from
affirmative action programs because we may now be "overrepresented."
Preferential
TABLE 6.2: BAR PASSAGE RATES IN THE UNITED STATES FOR WHITES AND
BLACKS, 1991-1996 Proportion of Bar-Takers Failing on the First
Attempt (for the Entire United States)
Index Range Whites Blacks
400-460 52% 71%
460-520 34% 55%
520-580 26% 47%
580-640 19% 34%
640-700 13% 26%
700-760 9% 12%
760-820 5% 12%
Bar-Takers in Sample
19,112 1346
Source: LSAC-BPS Data, supra note 133.
The actual bar results closely follow the empirical “prediction” from
the regression model. At a given index level, blacks have a much
higher chance of failing the bar than do whites—apparently, entirely
as a result of attending higher-ranked schools and performing poorly
at those schools. Indeed, the consequences of affirmative action—in
terms of passing the bar—seem to be roughly equivalent to subtracting
120 points from the academic index of the typical black student:
blacks in the index range of 580 to 640 have the same bar passage rate
as whites in the index range of 460 to 520; blacks in the range of 760
to 820 pass at the same rate as whites in the range of 640 to 700
Jan 2004 conference in Philadelphia - Asians over-represented among
law students, but least likely to be promoted to partner at highest
levels.
%%Oversupply
TOO MANY LAWYERS PRODUCED BY LAW SCHOOLS (2010)
http://www.slate.com/id/2272621/pagenum/all/#p2
A Case of Supply v. Demand
Law schools are manufacturing more lawyers than America needs, and law students aren't happy about it.
By Annie Lowrey
Posted Wednesday, Oct. 27, 2010, at 4:14 PM ET
Between 2007 and 2009, the number of LSAT takers climbed 20.5 percent.
Law school applications increased in turn.
He is one of dozens of law students who have gone public, very public,
to chastise the schools they elected to attend for leaving them older
and poorer. One popular medium is the "scam blog," where indebted,
unemployed attorneys accuse law schools of being little better than
tuition-sucking diploma mills. (Sample blog title: Shilling Me
Softly.) The author of one popular, if histrionic, such blog describes
his law school as a Ponzi scheme.
@@Legacy Admissions
David Chiang notes that Harvard
legacy applicants had twice the normal admission rate and 35% lower
test scores than other applicants in a Ed, Dept study of anti-Asian
bias at Harvard.
@@level
The report, "Profile of Undergraduates in U.S. Postsecondary Education
Institutions: 1999-2000 Dept of Ed
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002168.PDF
White undergraduates were more likely to attend 4-year institutions
than Black stu-dents (48 percent versus 40 percent), while Black
students were more likely to attend less-than-2-year institutions (5
versus 2 percent; table 1.1).19 (But Asians most likely to attend 4
year)
Race
-----------------------------------------------------
One race lt 2 2yr 4yr more than 1
White 2.0 43.6 48.3 6.1
Asian 2.9 42.9 47.6 6.6
More than one race 4.3 42.1 46.3 7.3
Hisp/Latino 5.7 47.6 41.5 5.2
Black or African American 5.2 48.5 40.3 6.0
Other race 4.9 47.4 40.3 7.4
American Indian/Alaska Native 2.1 57.0 34.7 6.2
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific
Islander 5.0 55.6 33.0 6.4
Race
One race FCD BC B AB As
White 30.3 16.2 25.3 11.7 16.5
Not Hispanic or Latino 32.4 16.4 24.7 11.3 15.2
Asian 32.2 17.7 26.4 10.1 13.6
More than one race 34.0 15.8 25.8 11.9 12.5
Hispanic or Latino 41.8 16.7 23.7 8.3 9.6
Other race 39.3 17.8 24.3 9.5 9.0
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific Islander 39.6 19.7 22.3 9.7 8.7
American Indian/Alaska Native 41.8 16.9 23.3 9.7 8.3
Black or African American 48.9 16.0 20.3 7.5 7.3
@@Liberal Arts
Latin vs a Lexus? Matthew Brelis Boston Globe Oct 11, 1998
Today 3/4 grads in fields like accounting, business, nursing, computer
science, like vocations. 1968, half in ats or sciences
In 1900, 75% of college grads from lib arts schools, now 5%
@@Major
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/digest99/
Here's the list of tables:
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/digest99/listoftables.html
The degrees by racial/ethnic group start:
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/digest99/d99t269.html
and run on till table 280.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/digest99/d99t270.html
Alas, non-resident aliens are not broken up by race.
stats which break down college/university degrees for ethnic/racial
groups by majors
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/condition98/c9829d01.html
@@Medical School
http://www.vdare.com/rubenstein/050425_nd.htm
M.D. Candidates Registered Fall 2002
2005: White 20.5M, 24.5F 45%, Asian Americans are 25%
B 13.4, H 5.1 Foreign 4.0 Native Am 2.0
of Harvard Medical School admits
(http://www.hms.harvard.edu/orma/enrollment.html)...and that's on the
low end of elite medical schools. Stanford & UCSF are around 35% IIRC.
And if you look at the numbers (MCAT/GPA), Asians are the *most*
discriminated against of all groups when it comes to admissions
\doc\web\2005\04\Harvmed.wk1
2002 Harvard Medical School Admissions
Too many minorities, not enough whites
National age 18 population by Arthur Hu:
18: W 63.1% B14.7% H15.3% A3.9% N1.1%
(http://www.hms.harvard.edu/orma/enrollment.html)
White 20.5M, 24.5F 45%, Asian Americans are 25%
B 13.4, H 5.1 Foreign 4.0 Native Am 2.0
White Black Hisp Asian NatAm
45.00% 13.40% 5.10% 25.00% 2.00%
National 63.10% 14.70% 15.30% 3.90% 1.10%
0.71 1.28 0.47 8.99 2.55
Asians are 9 times more represented than whites
Whites are less than half of Harvard Medical School students, and
most of them are women due to preferences.
Blacks are near parity, and better represented than whites
Only Hispanics are below parity.
Native Americans are double numbers, perhaps due to no checking
of ethnic credentials
ASIANS 5X POPULATION IN MED SCHOOLS IN 2000
Medical Schools - USA -------------------------9/22/2000
"U. medical school applications up. But field is still not
racially diverse, researchers find."
..."While schools in the past decade have begun pro-
grams to increase racial diversity, attacks on affirmative
action programs in some states have created a more
hostile climate for minorities in medicine, the
researchers suggested."
"One study found that the number of black, Hispanic
and American Indian applicants fell by nearly 7 percent
last year, from 4,487 in 1998 to 4,181. Of last year's first-
year class, 7.9 percent were black, 6.9 percent were
Hispanic, 19.4 percent were Asian or Pacific Islander
and 0.7 percent were American Indian."
The U.S. population is 12 percent black, 12 percent
Hispanic, 4 percent Asian/Pacific Islander and 0.7
percent American Indian."
(NOTE-- the Asian/Pacific Islanders seem to enjoy a
percentage almost five-times greater than their popula-
tion percentage.
http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,195015968,00.html?
@@military
d:\priv\95\10\citdrop.txt - sharon faulker dropped out of
citadel, along with 5% of other men.
@@New Hampshire
%%University of New Hampshire
UNH caves in to demands from Black
Student union to set targets / quotas for black students and faculty
that probably exceed state population of blacks.
@@phd
MOST PHDS EMPLOYED IN R&D ONLY 4% IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
As cited in Electrical Engineering Times April 28, 1997 p. 127
"PhD numbers". F050897 Source: The American Association of Engineering
Societies newsletter
Doctoral scientists and engineers employed in the US: 463,000
41% R&D
22% Teaching
18% Management / Sales / Administration
4% Computer Applications
15% Other Professional Services
\priv\95\07\immphd.txt - Do immigrants displace US Phds?
\doc\95\05\forphd.txt - Foreign students in PhD programs have
more than doubled in past decade, are 57% of students.
"Study: PhDs get jobs, but it takes some work"
Electrical Engineering Times May 1, 1995 p. 89
Source: "Reshaping Graduate Education Report"
1993, PhDs granted to Students with temporary visas: 57%
Over one-third granted to physics, computer science and
mathematics
In engineering, university financial support went to
76% of students with temporary visas
73% with permanent visas
61% US citizens
Half of foreign born PhDs return home.
@@plans
d:\doc\94\19\edplans.wk1 - Educational plans of sophomores
Index
All White Hispanic Black Asian
Four-year college 1.00 1.00 -1.39 1.24 1.52
Two-year college -1.17 1.00 -1.04 -2.00 -2.33
Vocational/Technical Tr 1.17 1.00 1.67 1.17 -1.20
Military Service 1.40 1.00 2.20 1.60 -2.50
Work Full Time 1.17 1.00 1.67 1.00 -3.00
Full-time Homemaker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other / Don't Know -1.06 1.00 1.00 -1.42 -1.31
Asians least likely to choose military, most likely to choose 4 yr
college Blacks more likely to choose college, but ony 13% of black
grads actually entrolled Report was entitled "Course Enrollment
Practices of High School Students in California"
@@politics
%%liberal bias
COLLEGE FACULTY PREDOMINANTLY LIBERAL, BUT PUBLIC CONSERVATIVE
"Most college profs lean left, study says" Howard Kurtz Washington
Post Robert Lichter George Mason professor, Stanley Rothman Smith
College, Neil Nevitte University of Toronto, 1,643 faculty at 183
four-yr schools 1999 data North American Academic Study Survey funded
by conservative Randolph Foundation. 72% at US univ and colleges
describe themselves as liberal vs 15% conservative, 50% Democrats, 11%
Republicans. At elite colleges 87l/13c split. Last major survey
by Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching found 39% liberal
in 1984. Harris Poll of public 33% conservative, 18% liberal. 84% in
favor of abortion rights, 67% accept gay rights. Humanities 81%,
social sciences 75% engineering 51/19, business 49/39.
@@population
Undergraduate
51.5% Mission College Santa Clara CA 1994
31.0% San Jose State College CA 1994
28.0% MIT 2000
24.0% Caltech 2000
17.0% Harvard 2000
15.0% Yale 2000
12.0% Princeton 2000
3.9% Smith College 1995
[[Mission College
408-988-2200
"most diverse college in S. Bay" is actually predominantly Asian
d:\doc\94\18\misscoll.wk1 - Mission college Santa Clara is 51% Asian/PI
W28.5% B4.7% H13.8% A51.5% NA0.6%
\doc\95\07\smith94.wk1 - Smith College
W1.04 B-4.24 H-3.07 A3.90 N1.00
Also high Asians
UCLA
UC Berekeley
Harvard
MIT
UC Irvine
Hawaii
UC San Francisco
Low Asians - Fitchburgh State MA
8/25/94 phone call
[[San Jose State University
\doc\95\06\sjsdiver.txt
"SJS diversity breeds discord"
San Jose Mercury News April 30, 1995
Ethnic distribution:
Faculty 1993
W79 B3 H6 A10 Other 2
Students 1995
W40 B4 H13 A31 Other 1 Unknown 11
[[National Statistics
USA News for 2000 reports:
undergrad. body of the top 5 schools: Asian-Am % Princeton 12%,
Harvard 17%, Yale 15%, Caltech24%, MIT 28%.
z47\clipim\2000\01\ethcoll1.gif *2.gif, *3.gif
Fact file: 1995 enrollment by race at
3,300 institutions of higher learning Chronicle of Higher Education
May 23, 1997 p. A39+
Ranked by Asian
UC Irvine 47.9A 32.0W 2.5B 12.9H
UC Berkeley 34.3A 40.0W 5.5B 12.2H
UC Riverside 34.9 38.7 4.9 17.6
UC LA 33.8A 39.5W 6.1B 14.6H
Irvine is a predominantly Asian campus Berkeley was called "diverse"
when Asians were included, but now called "segregated" when they are
not counted.
[[University at Stony Brook
The University at Stony Brook is the State University of New York's
leading research institution. It is also nationally renowned for its
Asian-American studies programs. Approximately one quarter of its
students are of Asian heritage.
@@Quality of College
@@Ivy
@@Name Brand
Going to a college with high SAT scores is nice, but it's the test
score of the student that matters. This is also true of high schools,
a student with high test scores will be just as good whether he is in
a high school with high or merely average test scores.
STUDENTS DONT DO ANY BETTER AT BIG NAME SCHOOLS IF THEY WENT
ELSEWHERE BUT WERE ACCEPTED
z49\clip\2001\04\namecoll.txt Better Than Famous There's increasing
evidence that, for many students, the biggest-name college may not be
the best way to go By Jay Mathews The Washington Post Sunday, April
8, 2001; Page W24
z42\clipim\2000\06\07\ivy.rtf
z42\clipim\2000\06\07\ivy.efx Just a Piece of Paper? Lenora Chu Alan
Krueger and Mellon Foundation researcher Stacy Berg "they found that
students enrolled in colleges with SAT 1200 earned in 1995 $76,800
vs. $77,000 for those accepted but chose lower ranked colleges. 44%
of 1.1M over 700 on verbal graduated from Barrons 33 most competitive
schools. Firms conduct 70% of interviews at the top 25 schools.
z39\clip\2000\01\ivyval.txt The Chronicle of Higher Education From
the issue dated January 14, 2000 Measuring the Value of an Ivy Degree
By BEN GOSE "A new study, which examines the earnings of those who
were accepted by elite colleges but attended less-selective
institutions, finds that students do not enhance earnings by
graduating from colleges where the average of SAT scores is high. The
students who spurned the elites and attended the less-selective
colleges actually earned more money. "
SOWELL: IVY NO BETTER THAN STATE U IF SAT SCORES THE SAME
Content-Location: "http://www.frontpagemag.com/archives/g
uest_column/sowell/sowell12-27-99.h tm" FrontPage Magazine Is Ivy
Worth the Green? by Thomas Sowell Creator's Synicate | December 24,
1999 "the National Bureau of Economic Research found that young men
with combined SAT scores of 1200 who entered colleges whose average
SAT scores were at that same level had achieved an average annual
income of $93,000 twenty years later. However, young men with that
same SAT level who entered colleges whose average scores were 200
points lower, also ended up averaging $93,000 in annual income...
it's not the school, it's the student that matters "
Note - this is also true of high schools. It is more important to be
a student with high test scores than to be in a school with high test
scores.
@@Race
From Digest of education statistics 1999
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/digest99/d99t209.html
\doc\web\2000\07\racecoll.wk1
IMMIGRANTS DO NOT DISPLACE BLACKS FROM COLLEGE
Table 209.--Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education
and degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution
and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1997
Blacks in college up by 50% Blacks
Hispanics up 3X and Asians 4x
| ||Degree-granting || Percentage distribution of students\2\
| Institutions of higher education, in thousands Increase ||institutions, in ||___________________________________________________________
Type and control of institution | ||thousands\1\ || Institutions of higher education ||Degree-granting
and race/ethnicity of student | 76-97 || || ||institutions\1\
|___________________________________________________________ ||___________________||__________________________________________||_______________
| 1976 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 || 1996 | 1997 || 1976 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 || 1996 | 1997
___________________________________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________ ||_________|_________||______|______|______|______|______|_______||______|________
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 || 8 | 9 || 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 || 16 | 17
___________________________________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________ ||_________|_________||______|______|______|______|______|_______||______|________
All students | | | | | | || | || | | | | | || |
Total ............................|10,985.6 |12,086.8 |13,818.6 |14,261.8 |14,300.3 |14,345.4 131%||14,367.5 |14,502.3 ||100.0 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 ||100.0 | 100.0
White, non-Hispanic ...............| 9,076.1 | 9,833.0 |10,722.5 |10,311.2 |10,226.0 |10,160.9 112%||10,263.9 |10,266.1 || 84.3 | 83.5 | 79.9 | 74.7 | 73.9 | 73.2 || 73.8 | 73.1
Total minority ....................| 1,690.8 | 1,948.8 | 2,704.7 | 3,496.2 | 3,609.3 | 3,723.2 220%|| 3,637.4 | 3,771.2 || 15.7 | 16.5 | 20.1 | 25.3 | 26.1 | 26.8 || 26.2 | 26.9
Black, non-Hispanic .............| 1,033.0 | 1,106.8 | 1,247.0 | 1,473.7 | 1,499.4 | 1,532.8 148%|| 1,505.6 | 1,551.0 || 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 11.0 || 10.8 | 11.0
Hispanic ........................| 383.8 | 471.7 | 782.4 | 1,093.8 | 1,152.2 | 1,200.1 313%|| 1,166.1 | 1,218.5 || 3.6 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.6 || 8.4 | 8.7
Asian or Pacific Islander .......| 197.9 | 286.4 | 572.4 | 797.4 | 823.6 | 851.5 430%|| 828.2 | 859.2 || 1.8 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.1 || 6.0 | 6.1
American Indian/Alaskan Native ..| 76.1 | 83.9 | 102.8 | 131.3 | 134.0 | 138.8 182%|| 137.6 | 142.5 || 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 || 1.0 | 1.0
Nonresident alien .................| 218.7 | 305.0 | 391.5 | 454.4 | 464.9 | 461.3 211%|| 466.3 | 465.0 || --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- || --- | ---
@@ranking
\clip\96\02\monytop.txt AP 15-Aug-1996 Money Magazine Ranks Top
Colleges
The top 100 colleges in the United States as ranked by Money
magazine, based on an analysis of cost and academic quality. The
ranking appears in the September issue.
1. California Institute of Technology
2. New College of the University of South Florida
3. Rice University (Texas)
4. Truman State University (Missouri)
5. College of New Jersey
6. University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
7. Spelman College (Georgia)
US DOMINATES NOBEL PRODUCING COLLEGES 62/100
ANGLO WORLD IS 3/4
Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2003 09:24:35 -0000
From: "jstrocch" jstrocch bigpond.net.au
Subject: Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2003 - US creams RoW
Back to human diversity for a change. The US dominates insititutions
of higher learing in the world, accounting for a ~ 62 of the top 100,
a staggering ~ 2/3 ratio. This is pretty impressive given that the US
produces about 1/5 of global GDP, measured on a PPP basis.
The UK is the next best performer, with 9 out of the top 100. When
adding the Aust, NZ and Canadian results that gives the Anglo world
around 3/4 of the world's top universities - with ~400 mill pop. ie 7%
of the world's pop. This means that the Anglos are punching about 10
times their per capita weight in the top 100.
This study was commissioned by Shanghai university,
Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2003
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Institute of Higher Education http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/rank-2003.mht
Rank Institution Country Overall Score Score on Nobel Score on HiCi
Score on N&S Score on SCI Score Per Faculty
1 Harvard Univ USA 100 100 100 100 100 68.7
2 Stanford Univ USA 83.5 76.2 88.2 73.8 72.2 80.5
3 California Inst Tech USA 76.3 72.9 68.0 64.1 52.0 100
4 Univ California - Berkeley USA 74.0 75.0 70.3 76.1 72.8
51.8
5 Univ Cambridge UK 73.4 91.1 58.0 56.4 69.3 68.7
6 Massachusetts Inst Tech USA 70.6 79.4 67.3 66.3 63.9 53.5
7 Princeton Univ USA 62.5 60.5 60.7 51.9 47.0 72.4
8 Yale Univ USA 61.1 49.2 57.1 58.1 63.5 58.2
9 Univ Oxford UK 59.5 53.3 45.9 57.2 66.2 55.6
10 Columbia Univ USA 59.1 64.5 49.2 50.9 68.5 43.4
11 Univ Chicago USA 57.0 87.1 43.5 45.3 54.2 36.6
12 Cornell Univ USA 56.9 57.3 57.1 46.0 66.6 39.2
13 Univ California - San Francisco USA 55.3 41.6 57.1 60.1
60.9 39.2
14 Univ California - San Diego USA 54.4 14.2 58.0 59.8 67.5
55.2
15 Univ California - Los Angeles USA 53.8 37.3 58.0 48.0 78.0
30.3
16 Univ Washington - Seattle USA 50.3 34.4 57.1 46.6 76.7
20.5
17 Imperial Coll Sci Tech Med UK 50.1 42.2 41.0 37.4 66.9
46.9
18 Univ Pennsylvania USA 50.0 39.8 41.0 43.1 71.4 38.5
19 Tokyo Univ Japan 49.4 18.3 22.9 52.6 91.1 46.2
20 Univ Coll London UK 48.9 28.5 45.9 42.0 66.8 45.8
21 Univ Michigan - Ann Arbor USA 48.8 21.4 61.5 45.7 75.9
23.8
22 Washington Univ - St. Louis USA 47.8 30.5 41.0 43.1 54.7
54.3
23 Univ Toronto Canada 45.8 21.7 32.4 41.1 76.3 42.9
24 Johns Hopkins Univ USA 45.7 21.8 50.2 53.3 72.0 16.6
25 Swiss Fed Inst Tech - Zurich Switzerland 45.6 39.9 34.0 44.8
51.9 42.7
26 Univ California - Santa Barbara USA 45.3 32.7 47.0 40.3
42.5 49.4
27 Univ Wisconsin - Madison USA 45.0 24.6 50.2 47.4 68.0
20.4
28 Rockefeller Univ USA 44.8 64.0 32.4 44.1 27.2 41.9
29 Northwestern Univ USA 44.4 21.4 48.1 36.7 56.1 45.4
30 Kyoto Univ Japan 43.6 24.7 27.1 35.8 75.5 40.8
31 Univ Colorado - Boulder USA 40.9 33.0 42.3 37.0 46.8 32.3
32 Vanderbilt Univ USA 40.4 33.4 35.5 20.8 48.7 50.9
32 Duke Univ USA 40.4 0.0 42.3 44.6 60.8 41.6
34 Univ Texas Southwestern Med Center USA 39.5 41.4 29.0 40.6
40.5 33.5
35 Univ British Columbia Canada 38.2 21.4 30.8 31.8 59.1 35.8
36 Univ California - Davis USA 38.1 0.0 52.3 34.6 65.1 26.4
37 Univ Minnesota - Twin Cities USA 37.8 0.0 54.3 36.4 71.1
15.1
38 Rutgers State Univ - New Brunswick USA 37.2 22.5 34.0 35.4
47.2 34.8
39 Karolinska Inst Stockholm Sweden 36.8 30.9 34.0 23.1 49.6
34.4
40 Pennsylvania State Univ - Univ Park USA 36.5 0.0 54.3 39.0
59.1 18.5
40 Univ Utrecht Netherland 36.5 23.6 27.1 28.2 57.6 34.2
40 Univ Southern California USA 36.5 30.2 37.0 23.4 53.0 27.0
43 Univ Edinburgh UK 36.0 18.9 29.0 37.9 49.1 33.7
44 Univ California - Irvine USA 35.9 27.6 29.0 27.6 45.0
38.8
45 Univ Illinois - Urbana Champaign USA 35.2 20.1 35.5 34.1
58.5 16.8
45 Univ Zurich Switzerland 35.2 30.2 20.5 32.4 48.7 33.0
47 Univ Texas - Austin USA 35.0 18.9 45.9 31.8 51.7 15.7
48 Univ Munich Germany 34.1 23.2 14.5 33.5 56.7 32.0
49 Brown Univ USA 33.9 15.3 29.0 28.5 40.8 45.1
49 Australian Natl Univ Australia 33.9 14.2 44.7 25.6 42.4 31.7
51 Case Western Reserve Univ USA 33.2 12.9 22.9 24.8 46.3
48.3
52 Univ North Carolina - Chapel Hill USA 33.1 0.0 34.0 34.0
60.0 27.0
53 Osaka Univ Japan 33.0 0.0 20.5 31.4 71.8 30.9
53 Univ Pittsburgh USA 33.0 0.0 37.0 26.8 65.1 25.5
55 Univ Arizona USA 32.7 0.0 35.5 37.9 55.9 23.8
55 Univ Bristol UK 32.7 20.2 32.4 21.2 48.6 30.6
55 New York Univ USA 32.7 15.9 37.0 35.4 51.9 12.6
58 Univ Heidelberg Germany 32.2 31.4 17.8 21.4 49.9 30.1
59 Uppsala Univ Sweden 32.1 34.4 0.0 33.1 52.8 30.1
60 Tech Univ Munich Germany 31.3 26.7 22.9 20.1 47.5 29.3
61 Rice Univ USA 31.2 24.8 17.8 24.3 28.0 51.1
61 Carnegie Mellon Univ USA 31.2 33.4 20.5 18.6 38.1 35.1
63 Univ Oslo Norway 31.1 37.7 20.5 16.5 41.6 29.1
64 Tohoku Univ Japan 30.5 0.0 17.8 26.8 69.7 28.6
65 Univ Paris 06 France 30.3 20.3 14.5 23.6 55.2 28.4
65 Univ Copenhagen Denmark 30.3 31.4 14.5 19.9 47.7 28.4
67 Univ Virginia USA 30.0 0.0 38.4 23.0 52.5 26.4
68 Nagoya Univ Japan 29.7 18.3 14.5 22.4 55.8 27.8
68 Univ Sheffield UK 29.7 15.9 20.5 28.7 45.9 27.8
70 Univ Roma - La Sapienza Italy 29.6 17.5 14.5 23.1 55.9
27.7
70 Texas A&M Univ - Coll Station USA 29.6 0.0 34.0 23.5 53.2
27.7
72 Univ Rochester USA 29.5 10.0 10.3 25.5 45.8 46.6
72 Univ Paris 11 France 29.5 20.4 22.9 19.5 47.5 27.6
74 Univ Helsinki Finland 29.3 20.2 10.3 23.4 56.0 27.5
75 Univ Maryland - Coll Park USA 29.2 0.0 35.5 31.5 51.4 18.4
75 Univ Florida USA 29.2 0.0 29.0 23.0 66.0 18.7
75 King's Coll London UK 29.2 25.9 20.5 18.5 44.4 27.3
78 Univ Leiden Netherland 28.9 17.5 22.9 21.3 46.3 27.0
79 McGill Univ Canada 28.4 0.0 25.1 24.0 57.4 26.6
80 Purdue Univ - West Lafayette USA 28.3 18.9 29.0 17.7 50.9
16.0
81 Ohio State Univ - Columbus USA 28.1 0.0 35.5 23.0 61.8
11.3
81 Univ Utah USA 28.1 0.0 29.0 30.7 48.1 23.7
83 Tufts Univ USA 27.9 18.9 17.8 19.3 39.1 35.5
84 Univ Vienna Austria 27.8 17.5 10.3 21.6 54.7 26.0
84 Univ Groningen Netherland 27.8 22.5 14.5 21.1 45.8 26.0
86 McMaster Univ Canada 27.7 21.4 20.5 16.8 45.0 25.9
87 Michigan State Univ USA 27.5 0.0 37.0 28.5 50.8 12.5
88 Univ California - Riverside USA 27.3 0.0 30.8 26.2 34.8
36.0
89 Univ Manchester UK 27.1 21.4 14.5 17.5 48.0 25.4
90 Univ Iowa USA 27.0 0.0 32.4 24.1 52.9 17.0
91 Univ Gottingen Germany 26.9 22.5 17.8 18.8 41.8 25.2
92 Univ Melbourne Australia 26.8 15.9 14.5 17.0 52.9 25.1
93 Lund Univ Sweden 26.5 0.0 22.9 20.9 55.3 24.8
94 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Israel 26.2 0.0 20.5 29.1 48.6 24.6
95 Free Univ Berlin Germany 26.1 24.2 10.3 18.6 44.5 24.4
96 Univ Basel Switzerland 26.0 19.2 20.5 22.6 35.2 24.4
96 Univ Illinois - Chicago USA 26.0 0.0 32.4 20.4 48.4 20.3
98 Boston Univ USA 25.9 0.0 29.0 28.0 52.3 11.8
99 North Carolina State Univ - Raleigh USA 25.7 0.0 37.0 19.0
47.0 17.5
99 Univ Ghent Belgium 25.7 17.5 20.5 10.7 47.6 24.1
99 Emory Univ USA 25.7 0.0 30.8 19.3 49.4 20.6
@@rate - college attendence rates
z67\clip\2003\05\univ.txt Sunday, May 11, 2003
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/134716863_highered11m.html
Universities can't handle growing state population By Andrew
Garber Seattle Times staff reporter
18-24 year olds enrolled in public 2 and 4 year colleges in 2000
At 4 year colleges At 2 year
1 Vermont 41.5 1 Wyoming 23.5
2 Rhode Island 40.4 2 Washington 22.1
3 North Dakota 34.7 3 California 20.0
4 New Hampshire 34.4 4 Arizona 18.9
5 West Virginia 33.9 5 New Mexico 17.9
Top 5
Bottom 5
46 Washington 16.7 46 West Virginia 5.2
47 Texas 16.1 47 Indiana 5.0
48 Wyoming 15.2 48 Montana 4.8
49 California 15.0 49 Vermont 4.5
50 Nevada 12.5 50 Alaska 1.8
Overall 2 and 4 yr
1 Rhode Island 49.9
2 Vermont 46.0
16 Washington 38.7
48 Alaska 27.7
49 Georgia 26.1
50 Nevada 25.8
WA Natl
Four-year public 33.9 52.5
2- year public 66.1 47.5
Source: U Wash Office of Institutional Studies
@@rate - college graduation rates
Graduates Chase Jobs, Culture To Big Cities
Cities In Northeast, Midwest Attract Fewer College Graduates
April 11, 2006
Top 5 College Graduate Cities: Bachelor / hs diploma
1. Seattle: 51/90
2. San Francisco: 51/84
3. Raleigh, N.C.: 50/91
4. Washington, D.C.: 48/84
5. Austin, Texas: 45/84
by The Associated Press
Census 4 yr college rates by city
--------------------------------------
69.0% Wash DC White 1990 vs. 50.9 Asian
69.5% Cupertino CA Asian 1990
68.5% Tenafly NJ Asian 1990
61.0% Denver CO 1990 white
60.8% Mercer Island WA 1990 white
59.9% Mercer Island WA 1990 Asian
56.0% Tenafly New Jersey 1990
56.0% Hillsborough CA 1990
54.1% Bellevue WA 2000 2.1 l.t. 9th
50.4% Cupertino CA Black 1990
50.0% Seattle WA 2000 adults over 25
49.0% Fairfax County White VA 1990
48.0% Cupertino CA White 1990
44.0% Fairfax County Asian VA 1990
42.0% Mercer Island 1990 Black
41.8% Seattle WA 1990 white vs. 37.9 Asian
40.7% College Park MD 2000
38.0% Redmond WA Black 1990 (Microsoft)
31.7% Bellevue WA 1960 9.6 l.t. 9th
20.2% Prince George County black VA 1990 HI=51K, vs. Bellevue 44k
15.3% Wash DC Black 1990
8.7% Patterson NJ, mostly black 1990
Asians usually the highest, except in Seattle and DC. Nearly half of
Asian men over 25 have bachelor degrees. Blacks, Hispanics and
Pacific Islanders$fall at about half white rates, Camodian and Hmong
refugee populations fall at one-quarter.
Indians, Chinese and Filipinos fall at double White rates. The only
other comparable groups are gay or Jewish / Russian whites, up to
40%-50% depending on Asian ethnicity
For people age 25 and over, 41.7 percent of Asians have a college
degree, compared with 23.6 percent of the general population. AP
12/09/1997 "Asian-Americans Better Educated" US Census.
Spectrum
---------------------------------------
US 4 yr deg 1998 W1.0 B-2.0 H-3.0 A1.7
%%City
[[Seattle
www.seattletimes.com
2000 Census:
Top 10 cities ranked by percentage of people 25 and over with graduate
or professional credentials:
For comparison: Washington state: 9%
1. Pullman (not shown on map): 33%
2. Mercer Island: 32%
3. Medina: 31%
4. Clyde Hill: 29%
5. Bainbridge Island: 26%
6. Lake Forest Park: 21%
7. Sammamish: 21%
8. Bellevue: 19%
9. Seattle: 17%
10. Redmond: 17%
%%State
COLORADO 2ND TO WASH DC IN COLLEGE GRADUATES
Lots of degrees, dropouts State has 2nd-highest rate of college
degrees, one of lowest percents of high school graduates By Holly
Yettick, Rocky Mountain News Staff Writer April 15, 2002
http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/education/article/0,1299,DRMN_957_1088275,00.html
More than one third of Coloradans over age 25 have bachelor's
degrees, according to a report this year by the American Electronics
Association and the Nasdaq Stock Market. Only the District of
Columbia ranks higher.
%%United States
z39\clip\2000\02\morego.txt
http://www.hotcoco.com/news/education/stories/minorities_20000210_srvt.htm
February 10, 2000 More blacks, Latinos are going to universities By
Arlene Levinson ASSOCIATED PRESS
College attendance at any time among all high school graduates ages
18 to 24 reached a record high of 45 percent in 1997. Among whites,
the figure was 45 percent, up from 41 percent in 1991; blacks, a
record 40 percent, up from 32 percent in 1991; Latinos, 36 percent,
vs. 33 percent in 1994. Enrollment for blacks, Latinos,
Asian-Americans and American Indians rose 4 percent between 1996 and
1997, the study found. Between 1994 and 1995, their numbers climbed
by just under 3 percent.
ASIANS HAVE MORE COLLEGE IF THEY ARE IMMIGRANTS
mattnf@@aol.com notes:
Educational attainment for ages 25-44, 1990 census (born 1946-1965)
% College degree
Russian (mainly Jewish) 63.1
Asian Indian 61.1
Chinese 49.7
% with college degrees by nativity
Native-born Foreign-born
Asian Indian 44.0 58.5
Chinese 51.0 38.7
Filipino 22.4 42.3
(I excluded Jews from this analysis because Jews are at a different stage in
terms of the immigrant experience)
I'm not sure how wise it is to use Russians for Jews, but most
"Russian-Americans" are Jewish, and the vast majority of Jews are of Polish
or Russian ancestry. I'm sure Polish Jews don't differ much from Russian
Jews. But it explains why the census figures for Polish-Americans are
deceiving - many are Jewish.
HIGHEST COLLEGE RATE - 1 IN 2
http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/cb98-177.html
college 4 yr percent ratio race
age 25-29
-----------------
50 1.7 asian
29 1.0 white
14 -2.0 black
11 -3.0 hispanic
1/4 OF TECHNICAL DOCTORATES FOR 4% OF POP
1996 %doctorates
12 overall
26 engineering
22 math
22 computer science
20 physical sciences astronomy, physics chemistry, biological sciences
NOTE-these would be higher if foreign students, most of whom stay were
counted
JEWS LEAD CHINESE IN COLLEGE IN CANADA
MattNF#aol.com In Canada, the South Asian population is
proportionately much larger than the American (2.4 vs. 0.5 percent),
but not nearly as successful as its American counterpart.
The proportion of Canadians aged 25-34 with university degrees by ethnicity
(Jews, Chinese lead), this is from the 1991 census.
Jewish 53%
Chinese 33%
Filipino 25%
South Asian (est.) 25%
Greek 22%
Polish 19%
Italian 19%
Ukrainian 17%
All groups 16%
British 14%
German 13%
French 13%
Black 11%
Portuguese 5%
Aboriginal 2%
RUMBAUT IMMIGRANT STUDY SAYS FEW MEXICANS SEEK ADVANCED DEGREES "Only
24 percent of Mexicans said they would like to earn an advanced
degree, contrasted with 63 percent of Asians, 52 percent of
non-Mexican Latinos and 47 percent of Vietnamese."
\clip\97\15\rumbaut.txt
http://www.seattletimes.com/extra/browse/html97/lang_061697.html The
Seattle Times Company Monday, June 16, 1997 Immigrants' children do
well in school
OVER 25 COLLEGE RATE APPROACHING 25% IN 1996
Business Week F060497 "Halls of Ivy Beckon" June 2, 1997 p. 8 Chart
shows that those over 25 with 4 years of college or more increased
from 17% in 1980 to nearly 25% by 1996 after a brief peak of 21% in
the late 90s.
ACE ANNUAL - BLACK CATCHING UP IN DROPOUTS
Percentage of race 25-29 completed 4 years of college in
1995:
Index
42% Asian 1.61
26% White 1.00
15% Black -1.73
9% Hispanic -2.88
http://www.arthurhu.com/index/acollege.htm#incollege
Source: American Council on Education, US Census
1990 Census Data,
Percent 18-24 in college
% Group
66.5 Chinese
61.9 Asian Indian
60.3 Korean
55.1 All Asian / Pacific Islander
53.1 Thai
49.3 Vietnamese
47.1 Filipino
36.3 Cambodian
34.4 US Average
31.7 Hmong
30.6 Guamanian
29.7 Samoan
28.9 Hawaiian
26.3 Laotian
They're trying to prove that Asians really aren't that well off but
even the poor refugee groups like Cambodians and Hmong send their
children to college at rates equal to the national average Chronicle
of Higher Education May 23, 1997, American Council on Education.
F052397
BLACKS HISPANICS ONLY 7.2%, 4.3% OF BACHELOR DEGREES In 1994, Blacks
and Hispanics were 10.7% and 7.9% of undergraduates, but only 7.2%
and 4.3% of 4 yr degrees. (Chronicle of Higher Education May 23,
1997, American Council on Education F052297)
ASIANS OVER-REPRESENTED IN BRITAIN TOO
\clip\97\05\unequal.txt The Economist February 8, 1997 Race relations
Integrated but unequal Research by the Institute of Employment
Studies has found that 12% of British university students are from
ethnic minorities, more than double their representation in the
overall population (4.9% in workforce). (This is despite the fact
that Britain has no ``affirmative action'' policies of the sort that
have raised the numbers of non-white students in America.)
HIGHER EDUCATION IS ALREADY HIGHEST IN WORLD, WHY ADD MORE FEDERAL
MONEY?
\doc\web\97\02\collhigh.txt
"Is an Education Crusade Needed? Funds, Pupils Going to College At
All-Time Highs" Investors Business Daily Feb 11, 1997 p. 1 f021197-1
According to the Department of Education
* 79% of high school graduates wanted to go on to college
* 75% of those who wanted were enrolled by 1994
* 20% of those over 25 haven't even completed high school
* 1995, 61.9% of high school grads were enrolled, exceeded
since 1960 only twice, and in this decade
* In 1995 34.4% of 18-24 yr olds, beaten only twice since
1964
* 14 to 35 enrolled was 5.7 in 1965, now 12.4 million,
doubled in 30 years
* Colleges up by 11% in 10 years.
* US is at or near #1 in world in higher education (but pundits say
we lag other countries instead "twice as many Americans 25-34 hold
bachelors degrees compared to most other countries", and that
includes Japan and Germany) Over 5% have some post-secondary
education, astouding by international standards.
NY CUTS FUNDING, BUT RICH MUCH MORE LIKELY TO GRADUATE FROM COLLEGE
\clip\97\02\poorcoll.txt New York Times January 27, 1997 Aid Cuts
Put College Beyond Reach of Poorest Students
79% of the top 25% finished college in 1994 vs. 31% in 1979, but it
was 8% in the botom 25% either year. 40% of New York's City
University come from households earning less than $20,000.
WA POLL: 94% OF PARENTS EXPECT KIDS TO GO TO COLLEGE, 64% TO FINISH 4
YR DEGREE VS. 50/25 REALITY
filed: \doc\96\07\highed.txt Higher Education: A Challenge, Not a
Crisis.Glen R. Pascall Puget Sound Business Journal Oct 18-24 1996 p.
17 Pollster Stuart Elway reported 94% of parents expect their
children to attend public higher education in the state of
Washington. 64% expect to go to a 4 year university, 27% to a
community or technical school. (Comment, in the US, only 50% of
young adults start higher education, only 1/4 complete 4 years of
college)
70% OF US DOESN'T FINISH COLLEGE, BUT THAT'S STILL NUMBER 1 IN THE
WORLD!
\doc\96\01\hedsmith.txt "America Not Competitive" NW Asian Weekly July
15, 1995 Hedrick Smith in "Rethinking America" points out The average
age of college students is 28. 70% of US students don't finish college
(but he doesn't point out this is higher than any other nation in the
world, tied with Canada)
\priv\95\14\ridehigh.txt "Riding High" business week Oct 9, 1995 pl
134 The percentage of high school graduates enrolling in college
after graduation jumped from 49% in 1980 to 62% in 1992. The ratio of
bachelor's degrees awarded to those 18 to 24 years of age rose a
remarkable 29% from 1980 to 1990, according to John Bishop, economist
at Cornell University
\doc\95\10\washhi.txt
Panel to study financing for higher education
John Iwasaki SPI 7/25/95
Washington in 1993 ranked
49th in college-age in 4 yr college
4th in community / technical
20th overall, including private
\doc\95\10\apifact.txt - Census summary
25 years or older with bachelor degree, 1990
Male Female Ratio
White 28 21 1.33
Asian/PI 46 37 1.24
Ratio 1.64 1.76
\doc\95\01\jewsedin.wk1 - Jewish profile LA Times poll
Education Jew US Ratio
Dropout HS 8 26 -3.25
HS Graduate 20 39 -1.95
Some College 17 16 1.05
College Grad + 47 18 2.65
Ramon G. McLeod, San Francisco Chronicle Jan 13, 1994
p. A3
1990 Census shows that Russians have the highest
education of any group with at least 1 million
people, and highest income
Russian US Asian
4 yr college 48% 20% 37.7%
doc937\asianrnk.xls
Asian 1980 census by Rank
Percent 4 or more years of college
58.4 Pakistani 3.42
51.9 AsIndian 3.04
37.0 Filipino 2.16
36.6 Chinese 2.14
34.3 Asian 2.01
33.7 Korean 1.97
33.3 Indonesian 1.95
32.9 Asian/PI 1.92
32.9 Hawaiian 1.92
32.3 Thai 1.89
26.4 Japanese 1.54
17.1 White 1.00
16.2 US -1.06
16.2 Polynesian -1.06
12.9 Vietnamese -1.33
12.9 Melanesian -1.33
9.6 Micronesian -1.78
9.3 PacIsld -1.84
9.3 Samoan -1.84
9.3 Tongan -1.84
8.4 Black -2.04
7.7 Cambodian -2.22
7.7 Native Am -2.22
7.6 Hispanic -2.25
7.3 Guamanian -2.34
5.6 Laotian -3.05
2.9 Hmong -5.90
http://www.arthurhu.com/index/acollege.htm#college90
1990 Census
d:\doc\95\12\asiark90.txt
4 or more years of college, over 25
Group Rate Index White=1.00
Gay 58.3 2.71 (Overlooked Opinions)
Indian 58.1 2.70
Russian 48.0 2.23
Jewish 47.0 2.18 (LA Times poll)
OthAsian 41.7 1.94
Chinese 40.7 1.89
Filipino 39.3 1.83
Asian 37.7 1.75
AsianPI 36.6 1.70
Japnese 34.5 1.60
Korean 34.5 1.60
Thai 32.8 1.53
White 21.5 1.00
US 20.3 -1.06
Vietnam 17.4 -1.24
OtherPI 15.8 -1.36
Hawaiian 11.9 -1.81
Black 11.4 -1.89
PacIsl 10.8 -1.99
Polynes 10.8 -1.99
Micrones 10.2 -2.11
Guamanian 10.0 -2.15
Hispanic 9.2 -2.34
Samoan 8.0 -2.69
Melanesian 7.5 -2.87
Tongan 5.8 -3.71
Cambodia 5.7 -3.77
Laotian 5.4 -3.98
Hmong 4.9 -4.39
\doc\94\20\calfcens.wk1 - California Census results
CA 90 College Grad W1.00 B-1.72 H-3.58 A1.34 O-4.70
\priv\94\20\calfcen3.txt
The new census figures show that Asian Americans lead Californians
in college degrees, with a stunning 34 percent of all adults.
Takaki said a recent study in New York City revealed that 78
percent of the Korean greengrocers had college educations.
\priv\94\20\quallife.txt
-- Almost a quarter of California adults hold college degrees, well
up from 1980, when fewer than one in five held such degrees. In San
Francisco, an amazing 35 percent hold degrees, continuing the city's
tradition as one of the most educated in the nation. Santa Clara
County has a rate of about 33 percent.
\doc\94\20\babyboom.wk1 - Baby Boomers by Race
Index White Black Hisp Asian
College Grad 1.00 1.33 -2.75 1.61
@@PHD
Asians have proportionally the highest number of
PHD, up to 26% vs 4% of population
ASIANS TAKE 12-26% OF PHDS, NOT COUNTING FOREIGN STUDENTS
http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/cb98-108.html
astat.txt
1996 %doctorates
12 overall
26 engineering
22 math
22 computer science
20 physical sciences astronomy, physics chemistry, biological sciences
@@Predicted
La Griffe du Lion
http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com
has Harvard undergraduate enrollment data for 1998,
including some predictions From "The Color of Meritocracy,"
http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com/color_of_meritocracy.htm .
Predicted Predicted
enrollment enrollment 1998
(after set-asides (no set-asides) enrollment
African American 8.0% 0.07% 8.0%
Hispanic 8.0 0.4 8.0
Asian/Pacific Islander 14.6 17.0 17.0
Jewish 24.1 27.9 (25 to 33%)
@@President
American Demographics September 1988 p. 14
"Ivory Power" Blayne Cutler
95% white
89% male
4% Jewish (vs 2 pop)
87% academic promotion
4% religious education
2% government
less than 1% military
87% doctorate
1% from military
From The University and College Presidents
Heidrick and Struggles
@@Private vs. Public
\clip\97\19\privcoll.txt
Copyright 1997 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
Wealthy students choose public universities Move is sending many
poorer students to community colleges August 26, 1997
" McPherson and co-author Morton Schapiro, an economist at the
University of Southern California, found that 38 percent of college
freshman from the richest families enrolled in public schools in
1994, compared with 31 percent in 1980. Those families earned more
than $200,000 a year. " (subsidies can be as much as $12,000 per
year, no matter how much the student family earns)
@@professional degrees
LSAT SCORES
SEE \doc\95\13\lsat.wk1
First-professional degrees 1986-87 by race /ethnic group and
field of study
Source: US Department of Education Statistics Digest of Education
Statistics 1989 p. 251
pop 75.85 12 9.5 2.25 0.4
Ranked by Asian
Index total whitenh black hisp asian/pi natam/al
Veterinary Medic 2,230 1.21 -11.20 -2.88 -2.48 2.89
Chiropractic 2,493 1.22 -14.59 -7.70 -2.28 -2.43
Law 36,056 1.18 -2.95 -3.86 -1.40 -1.18
Podiatry 591 1.16 -2.49 -5.81 -1.31 -1.55
Theological Stud 6,518 1.14 -2.27 -6.34 -1.06 -2.27
Osteopathic medi 2,518 1.22 -8.14 -7.73 1.02 1.64
All prof fields 71,617 1.15 -2.88 -3.78 1.23 -1.15
Masters Degrees 289,341 1.04 -2.61 -4.13 1.28 -1.04
Medicine 15,429 1.12 -2.64 -3.44 2.06 -1.12
Optometry 1,082 1.15 -8.12 -4.05 2.63 -1.15
Dentistry 4,739 1.07 -2.34 -2.83 2.77 -1.43
Pharmacy 861 0.81 1.33 -1.58 6.99 2.15
Pharmacy is the only field where Blacks are over-represented.
@@Ready
ABOUT 1/3 OF STUDENTS GRADUATE READY FOR COLLEGE
MORE BLACKS ENTER COLLEGE THAN ARE READY FOR COLLEGE
z74\clip\2003\10\colread.txt
Public High School Graduation
and College Readiness Rates in the United States
Jay P. Greene, Ph.D.
Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
Greg Forster, Ph.D.
Senior Research Associate, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
Funding for this report was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
..only 32% of all students-fewer than half of those who graduate and
about one-third of all students who enter high school-leave high
school with the bare minimum qualifications necessary to apply to
college. ..very similar to the actual college-entering population, in
terms of both its size and its racial composition. [for blacks ]the
number actually attending college is larger than the number who are
college ready
September 2003
@@Remedial
Colleges offer remedial courses in basic math and reading / writing
to those that do not pass tests or need help. One approach is to
require minimal skills, but then you wouldn't get enough students,
the other is to say that high schools should produce only
college-ready graduates.
Asians have the lowest rate of remedial classes
National W1.00 B-4.20 H-1.23 A 1.96
ACE W1.00 B-1.72 H-1.72 A ?.??
Rates of remedial classes
87% New York community college fail at least 1 exam
64% Cal State math exam
62% Nashville, Tennesee U Tenn
50% Cal State Math
47% Cal State English
41% 1995 US 2-year colleges take remed course.
20% Boston Latin (Elite High School) Grads
19% Black, Hispanic, Asian undergrad US
15% AmIndian undergrad US
11% White undergrad US
WILL "HIGH STANDARDS" ELIMINATE REMEDIAL COLLGE COURSES?
\clip\99\18\remed.txt Moving On to College, Going Back to Basics Many
Students Need Remedial Courses By Steve Twomey Washington Post Staff
Writer Thursday, September 23, 1999; Page A01 "it's our fault, too,"
says Nancy S. Grasmick, Maryland's superintendent of schools. "but
if we can achieve our purpose with these high school assessments . .
. if we can literally end social promotion, if we can provide for the
support systems . . . if all that comes together, you would hope
there would be no student entering college who requires remedial
education."
\clip\98\16\remed.txt High School Kids Failing To Master Basic Skills
A record number need remedial help Lori Olszewski, Laura Hamburg,
Chronicle Staff Writers Tuesday, November 3, 1998 ©1998 San Francisco
Chronicle URL:
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1998/11/03/MN56735.DTL
About half of the new freshmen entering California State University
at all 22 campuses need remedial help in math and English, according
to results on the university's placement test. The number is the
highest since 1989, when CSU started tracking the number of students
who need remedial help.
Susan Estrich, "It's not who goes to college; it's who can stay there"
USA Today, May 12, 1998, A13
64 percent of the freshmen entering the California state college
system failed the entry-level math test, and 43 percent failed verbal
exam, but in top 1/3 of grad class University of California campuses, 35
percent of entering freshmen needed remedial instruction in basic English
proficiency. In New York, 87 percent of the students entering one of the
City University's six community colleges fail at least one initial exam. A
1995 federal survey found that 41 percent of college freshmen at public
two-year colleges took at least one remedial course.
\priv\98\06\remed.txt LA TIMES, Wednesday, March 18, 1998 MOST CAL
STATE FRESHMEN NOT MATH-READY By KENNETH R. WEISS, Times Education
Writer http://www.latimes.com/HOME/NEWS/LEARNING/t000026259.1.html
More than half the freshmen who entered the California State
University system last fall were unprepared for college-level math
and 47% lacked the skills to handle college English courses, although
they were among the top third of California's high school graduates.
20% of BOSTON LATIN GRADS IN UMASS WERE IN REMEDIAL COURSES
http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe/globehtml/321/Study__Many_freshmen_academically_b.htm
\clip\97\25\massrem.txt Study: Many freshmen academically behind
Report comes as remediation is cut By Richard Chacón , Globe Staff,
11/17/97 "About 22 percent of public and private high school students
from Massachusetts who enrolled at UMass in 1995 took at least one
remedial-level course in math or English,"
\doc\96\02\quesrem.wk1 "Questions About Remedial Education in a Time
of Budget Cuts" New York Times June 7, 1995 p. B8
filed under asian.college.remedial
Asians are least, Blacks most likely to be in remedial college education
National Center for Devlopmental Education finds IN 1993:
Ranked by Index
1993 Remedial 4yr colle Rate Index
Asian 2% 5.10% 0.39 -1.96
White 59% 76.90% 0.77 1.00
Hispanic 7% 7.40% 0.95 1.23
NatAm 2% 0.90% 2.22 2.90
Black 30% 9.30% 3.23 4.20
93 US Remedial College W1.00 B-4.20 H-1.23 A1.96 *
"College remedial gap found" Seattle Times Feb 12, 1996 p. A4
American Council on Education report finds that 19% of black,
Hispanic and Asian American and 15% of American Indian students took
remedial college courses in the 1992-93 school year compared with 11%
for white undergraduates.
93 ACE Remedial college W1.00 B-1.72 H-1.72 N-1.36
Remedial rates in Tennesee 27% to
70%
\priv\96\02\csuremed.txt In 1993, the most recent year for which
figures are available, 49 percent of CSU freshmen failed the English
placement exam and 47 percent failed the math exam. Many CSU campuses
have even higher failure rates.
One guy claimed that he had seen an
article that claimed that 20% of incoming college freshmen need
remedial classes. Several people disputed his claim and asked for
documentation. He only remembered that he had seen this statistic in
a Boston Globe article.
\doc\94\6\lowrem.txt Remedial classes for low income students
enrolled for 90 hours each and work for 2 consecutive summers, after
15 months both reading and math increased by about a half-grade. But
most of the gains dissapated long-term without continuous
reinforcement
\doc\web\97\11\remed2.txt
As of the fall semester,
The percentage of high school graduates,
"in one or more developmental or remedial course in
a Tennessee Board of Regents School"
Including: TSU, MTSU, Nashville Tech, Vol State, Austin Peay, Columbia
State, and other state schools, "but not including UT Knoxville, UT
Chattanooga, or UT Martin",
IN 1994/95 - Nashville 63%, Tennessee 64%
IN 1995/96 - Nashville 59.64%, Tennessee 62.2%
IN 1996/97 - Nashville 61.5%, Tennessee 61.9%
Bruce Crawford wrote:
Out here in California, at the Cal State universities, 40% of the
incoming freshmen require remedial English classes, and 45% require
remedial math.
@@salary offers
\doc\95\07\gradsal.txt - NACE salary survey puts engineering highest,
english last
@@SAT test scores
doc\94\5\priv\college.txt US News survey
@@scholarship
SOME MERIT SCHOLARSHIPS END UP PAYING FOR CARS AND VACATIONS
\clip\2002\schocar.txt
New York Times Education October 31, 2002
B's, Not Need, Are Enough for Some State Scholarships
By GREG WINTER
Scholarships open to students like Ms. McKenna, who estimates her
parents' income at $200,000 or more, are rising quickly.... Ryan is a
senior at the University of Georgia, where a B average in both high
school and college earns a free ride, regardless of one's ability to
pay. Ryan has made good use of her college trust fund. It has bought
a trusty Honda, trips to Italy, Switzerland, About the only thing it
is has not paid for is, well, college.
@@single-sex and single-race colleges
\clip\96\02\allmale.txt Date: Tue, 20 Aug 1996 22:38:04 -0400 Private
School Keeps All-Male Policy By BILL BASKERVILL Associated Press
Writer 84 all women's colleges, but only 3 all-male.
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 1996 22:53:48 -0400 From: NewsHound@sjmercury.com
(NewsHound) Separatism is in, except for white men BY MIKE ALLEN. New
York Times It is acceptable to have a predominantly woman or black
college, but not for white men. the country will have just three
all-male colleges, with a total enrollment under 5,000, which are
private and therefore not affected by last week's ruling. They are
Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, Wabash College in Indiana and
Morehouse College in Atlanta. But there are 84 women's colleges,
with 120,000 students, and about 100 historically black colleges,
with 280,000 students.
@@Skills
COLLEGE JOB PREMIUM TIED TO TEST SCORE SKILLS, NOT YEARS OF ED Investor's Business Daily , page
B1, Wed, Oct 15, 1996 Perspective: The Education Illusion.
IT'S COGNITIVE SKILLS, NOT COLLEGE DEGREE THAT MATTERS
\clip\97\21\collgrad.txt THE SHEEPSKIN PARADOX Business Week Oct 6,
1997 College grads in lower-level jobs (This is related to
blacks having lower pay and higher unemployment even with
equal education, but not test score measured skills)
@@sports and academics
\doc\95\10\sporhurt.txt - sports and fraternities hurt grades compared
to nonathletes.
@@Technical College
Perks plentiful for trade school grads Seattle Times Jan 9, 2000 Al
Stambotski Ranken Techical College reports 12-40 job offers for each
graduate, meanwhile many college grads can't find well paying jobs,
one tech pays $13 an hr
@@White
WHITE CHRISTIANS MAY BE THE MOST UNDER-REPRESENTED
http://buchanan.org/blog/pjb-the-dispossession-of-christian-americans-241
by Patrick J. Buchanan – November 27, 1998
The Dispossession of Christian Americans
"When one adds foreign students, students from our tiny WASP elite and
children of graduates, what emerges is a Harvard student body where
non-Jewish whites — 75 percent of the U.S. population — get just 25
percent of the slots. Talk about underrepresentation! Now we know who
really gets the shaft at Harvard — white Christians"
" Perhaps ethnic Catholics and Christians can stop resisting
proportional representation — and demand their fair share of the slots
at Harvard, etc., based on their share of the U.S. population. How can
Harvard say no to the Irish if it says yes to Hispanics? If
proportional representation is the name of the game, Christian and
European-Americans should get into the game, and demand their fair
share of every pie: 75 percent, and no less. "
@@women
%%Economic Growth
EDUCATED WOMEN HOLD BACK ECONOMIC GROWTH?
Robert Barro's "Determinants of Economic
Growth" , and he was discussing the influence of education on
economic growth. He said that male secondary and higher levels of
education is highly correlated with economic growth. However, the
secondary education of women showed an insignificant or negative
effect on subsequent levels of economic growth.
Japan is more educated among men but US is
higher overall
%%Professional
WOMEN EARN CLOSER TO HALF OF 1ST PROF AND PHD DEGREES
\clip\97\09\women\women.htm
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/121696/5814047c.htm
Forbes (12/16/96):
More women earn top credentials.
Since 1961, women from 2.7 to 40.7% of first professional degrees,
10.5 to 38.5% of phD degrees.
\doc\95\13\womncoll.txt - in Europe, women are higher than men in
higher education, except for math and engineering.
@@underrepresentation
The data reveal that, although African Americans’ representation in
higher education has grown in the past decade, it still is
significantly below the percentage they represent in the general
population. This underrepresentation is especially true at the more
prestigious research universities and the most expensive four-year
colleges and universities. Source: United Negro College Fund THE
AFRICAN AMERICAN EDUCATION DATA BOOK, VOLUME 1: HIGHER AND ADULT
EDUCATION (note - in fact, UCLA freshman survey shows that black
representation is higher at the best universities than average,
because of affirmative action goals based on parity, many
professional schools such as Stanford and Harvard admit black law
school students in the same proportion as the population)
http://www.arthurhu.com/index/acollege.htm#world
@@University of California
Mattnf@aol.com contributes
\doc\web\2000\02\ucbchin.wk1
Jews vs. Chinese vs. Japanese at UC Berkeley
Fall 1998 University of California Berkeley compared to est 1994 high school grads
BA's 1997-1998 Chin
Ranked by Representation Ratio
Assume Jews = 1%, Indian/Pakistani = .74%, Chinese = 2.8%
Pop Rate Group Field
20.0% 20.00Jew grad
31.8% 11.24Chin biological sciences
31.5% 11.13Chin chemistry
10.0% 10.00Jew undergrad
24.3% 8.59Chin engineering
6.3% 8.51Indi chemistry
6.3% 8.51Indi chemistry
21.0% 7.42Chin undergrad
20.1% 7.10Chin physical sciences
5.1% 6.89Indi business
4.6% 6.22Indi biological sciences
15.5% 5.48Chin social
3.8% 5.14Indi engineering
3.7% 5.00Indi undergrad
10.9% 3.85Chin business
2.7% 3.65Indi graduate
7.8% 2.76Chin humanities
6.9% 2.44Chin graduate
@@World
The stereotype is that Americans lag in higher education, but no
nation on earth has higher rates of college education than the US
except Canada, which is about the same. New figures say that
Australia and France have just caught up, but the US is still way
ahead of Japan and Germany, and in fact it is an advantage that
college isn't free since this has an effect of limiting the number
who can go, instead of admitting all who can pay and do the work.
Higher education stats stir new concerns in USA
9/6/2006
By Mary Beth Marklein, USA TODAY
http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2006-09-06-higher-education_x.htm
Original report
http://measuringup.highereducation.org/about/whatsnew.cfm
Introduction: International Comparisons Highlight Educational Gaps
Between Young and Older Americans by Patrick M. Callan
The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education
The National Report card on Higher Education
Percentage of students going to college and completing a degree:
College participation 18-24 currently enrolled in college
Rhode Island 54%
North Dakota 49%
Korea 48%
Greece 43%
Finland 37%
Belgium 37%
USA 35%
Ireland 35%
Poland 34%
Australia 31%
France 31%
Hungary 31%
Washington State 30%
Spain 30%
New Zealand 29%
Netherlands 27%
Norway 25%
Portugal 25%
Sweden 24%
Czech Rep. 24%
Germany 23%
Austria 23%
Denmark 20%
Slovak Rep. 20%
Iceland 19%
Switzerland 18%
Mexico 13%
Turkey 11%
College completion
Japan 26%
Portugal 25%
U.K. 24%
Australia 23%
Switzerland 23%
Denmark 23%
Ireland 21%
New Zealand 21%
France 20%
Iceland 19%
Korea 18%
Belgium 18%
Sweden 18%
Slovak Rep. 18%
Poland 17%
USA 17%
Spain 17%
Netherlands 16%
Hungary 16%
Czech Rep. 15%
Mexico 14%
Norway 14%
Finland 13%
Turkey 13%
Austria 13%
Germany 13%
Italy 12%
http://measuringup.highereducation.org/commentary/introduction.cfm
Percent of Older Adults (35-64) with
associate degree or higher, 2004
Minnesota
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Washington
41 Canada
39 United States
31 Finland
31 Japan
31 Sweden
31 Denmark
29 New Zealand
28 Australia
28 Norway
26 Switzerland
26 Belguim
25 Iceland
25 United Kingdom
23 Germany
23 Netherlands
22 Ireland
22 Korea
20 Spain
19 France
17 Greece
15 Hungary
15 Luxembourg
14 Austria
14 Mexico
12 Czech Republic
12 Poland
11 Slovak Republic
10 Italy
9 Portugal
7 Turkey
Ages 25 to 34
53 Canada
52 Japan
47 Korea
40 Finland
40 Sweden
39 Belgium
39 United States
38 Spain
37 France
37 Ireland
36 Australia
35 Denmark
33 United Kingdom
32 New Zealand
29 Switzerland
28 Iceland
28 Netherlands
24 Greece
22 Germany
20 Poland
19 Luxembourg
17 Hungary
16 Portugal
15 Austria
13 Slovak Republic
12 Czech Republic
12 Italy
11 Turkey
Source: National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education
World college going rates
\doc\web\97\03\worlcoll.wk1
CANADA LEADS WORLD IN "SOME" COLLEGE
z50\clip\2001\06\cancoll.txt
June 19, 2001 National Post
Education boom sidesteps Canada Post-secondary training rising fast
in industrial world
By Heather Sokoloff
according to the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development:
* Canada ranks number one among OECD nations when it comes to the
percentage of the population aged 25-34 with some kind of
post-secondary education, at almost 50%.
UK, US, JAPAN LEAD IN UNIVERSITY DEGREE RATE
Student population completing university degree in 1999:
35.6% United Kingdom (most in OECD)
33% United States
29% Japan
26.9% Canada
Lowest: Austria, Switzerland (less than 2% private funding)
OECD SAYS US IS #2 FOR BOTH, TIED FOR #2 FOR MEN WITH BS DEGREES
\doc\web\2000\07\bachrate.wk1
Digest of Education Statistics 1999 Chapter 6. International Comparisons
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/digest99/d99t415.html
Table 415.---Number of bachelor's degree recipients per 100 persons of the theoretical
age of graduation,\1\ by sex: Selected countries, 1989 to 1996
\1\The graduation rate relates the number of people with bachelor's
degrees to the number of people in the population at typical age of
graduation.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, unpublished tabulations.
(This table was prepared September 1999.)
Ranked by rate for men
Country |
Men only | Men and Women
|_____
|1996
United Kingdom ........|32.7 Australia ..............36.0
Japan ................|30.7 United States ..........34.7
United States .........|30.6 United Kingdom .........34.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Australia .............|28.9 Canada .................31.9
Canada ................|26.5 New Zealand ............30.8
New Zealand ...........|26.2 Denmark ................28.0
Ireland ...............|24.6 Norway .................27.4
Denmark ...............|23.1 Spain ................. 26.1
Finland ...............|22.4 Ireland ................25.5
Spain .................|21.5 Finland ................23.9
Norway ................|20.2 Japan .................22.9
Netherlands ...........|18.2 Netherlands ............19.6
Germany\2\ ............|18.2 Sweden .................19.1
Belgium ...............|16.7 Germany\2\ .............16.1
Sweden ................|15.1 Belgium ................15.9
Switzerland ...........|11.5 Portugal ...............15.7
Italy ................ |11.4 Italy ................ 12.6
Austria ...............|11.4 Austria ................10.5
Portugal ..............|11.3 Switzerland ............ 9.3
United States is #2 in both sexes with bachelor's degrees
US is tied for #2 for men with bachelor's degrees with Japan, behind UK
http://www.pdkintl.org/whatis/ff2dropo.htm \clip\98\08\drop\drop.htm
FastFacts About
Dropout and Completion Rates
Among G-7 countries, the percentage of the 25- to 64-year-olds When
completion rates for upper secondary education and higher education
for 1992 were combined, the United States, with 84%, ranked above all
G-7 countries.
Among the 22 developed nations studied by NCES in 1992, the 31% of
those in the age 25-64 group in the United States who had completed
higher education was topped only by the 41% in Canada. The
percentages for other G-7 countries included 16% for France, 22% for
Germany, 6% for Italy, 21% for Japan, and 19% for the United Kingdom.
intcoll.wk1
UNITED STATES HAS MORE COLLEGE ED THAN ANY OTHER NATION
BUT JAPAN LEADS IN COLLEGE EDUCATED MEN
International comparisons of educational attainment by age Source:
The Condition of Education/ 1992 p. 64 U.S. Department of Education
Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 92-096
Compared to other large industrialized countries, the United States
has the most educated population (both sexes) but is #2 measured by
education of the men. A higher percentage of 25 to 64 year olds in
the United States has completed secondary school and college than in
Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, or Canada. Asians
are the most educated Americans.
Percentage of population in large industrialized countries who have
completed secondary and higher education, by age, sex, and country:
1989
US LEADS JAPAN IN BOTH SEX HIGHER ED 24% VS 23%
National Ranked by Both Sexes
25-64 yrs ol25-34 years old
Both sexes Both sexes Male Female
SecondHigherSecondHigherSecondHigherSecondHigher
Country
United States 82.0 23.4 86.6 24.2 85.7 24.9 87.4 23.5
Japan 69.7 13.3 90.6 22.9 89.3 34.2 91.8 11.5
Canada 71.4 15.1 82.5 16.1 82.1 16.9 84.8 15.2
Germany 78.4 10.2 91.5 11.8 94.5 13.3 88.2 10.3
United Kingdom 64.5 9.2 76.7 11.2 79.7 12.8 73.7 9.5
France 48.1 7.0 63.0 7.6 65.6 8.1 60.4 7.1
Italy 25.7 5.7 41.1 6.7 40.9 6.9 41.2 6.5
JAPAN LEADS IN MALE HIGHER EDUCATION 34% VS 25%
US IS NO. 2
Nations Ranked by Male higher education
Country
Japan 34.2
United States 24.9
Canada 16.9
Germany 13.3
United Kingdom 12.8
France 8.1
Italy 6.9
In the United States, completing secondary school is defined as completing high school;
completing higher education is defined as completing 4 or more years of college
Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Center for Educational
Research and Innovation, International Indicators Project
US #1 IN EDUCATING HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LEVELS, BUT WHO WOULD HAVE
GUESSED?
\doc\96\08\countend.txt Countries tend to spend less on more students
USA Today Dec 10, 1996. Everybody says the US lags other countries in
education, but experts insist on ignoring that nobody matches the US
which now graduates 32% of young adults from college with Australia,
Canada and the UK trailing slightly according to a survey of the ECD
(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
\doc\96\03\worlcoll.wk1
College Students by Nation
As of 1990, source: The Economist Book of Vital World Statistics, 1990
Comparitive analysis by Arthur Hu
West Germany and Japan are far behind the US and Canada in numbers
of college students, at 1/2 and 1/2.6 respectively
StudentsFemale Univ or Index
OECD per 100k equiv
US 5142 33 62.5 1.00
Canada 4950 61.1 1.04
Korea 3671 30 70.0 1.40
Phillipines? 3580 54 89.6 1.44
Israel 2762 46 54.0 1.86
Netherlands 2749 42 43.1 1.87
Norway 2730 51 41.2 1.88
West Germany 2592 41 86.5 1.98
Belgium 2566 47 40.7 2.00
Spain 2542 40 94.4 2.02
Austria 2511 46 93.3 2.05
Australia 2444 49 100.0 2.10
France 2395 51 75.1 2.15
Denmark 2314 50 79.1 2.22
Sweden 2209 53 69.7 2.33
Italy 1995 47 99.2 2.58
Greece 1987 49 58.6 2.59
Ireland 1979 43 55.6 2.60
Japan 1971 37 80.7 2.61
Iceland 1909 54 93.9 2.69
UK 1880 46 33.8 2.74
Switzerland 1874 32 64.5 2.74
Finland 1831 50 71.2 2.81
Mexico 1578 36 95.0 3.26
Hong Kong 1410 35 18.8 3.65
Portugal 1020 54 67.8 5.04
Turkey 1020 33 64.0 5.04
Singapore? 963 42 40.3 5.34
Luxembourg 232 34 100.0 22.16
China 190 31 27.06
Phillipines is likely reversed with Singapore.
\clip\97\28\myth\college.htm
http://www.scruz.net/~kangaroo/L-collegeglut.htm
International comparisons
And how does American education stack up against that of other
nations? At the college level, the U.S. is the most highly educated
society in the world. At the elementary and high school level, the
U.S. has a mixed record.
Educational attainment of persons aged 25 to 64 years old, percent
by country, 1992 (6)
Primary Secondary College
Country Only Also Also
---------------------------------------------
United States 16% 53 24
Netherlands 42 37 21
Canada 29 30 15
Denmark 41 40 13
Germany 18 60 12
Norway 21 54 12
Sweden 30 46 12
United Kingdom 32 49 11
Finland 39 43 10
France 48 36 10
Switzerland 19 60 8
Italy 72 22 6
Adding the figures in the first two columns shows how well each
nation educates its non-college workforce. For example, the U.S.
gives 69 percent of its society either an elementary or high school
education, although in Italy it's 94 percent, France, 84 percent,
etc. On the other hand, the U.S. also sees more of its students
through high school than most other countries, which have unusually
high dropout rates even in elementary school. So, on the whole, the
U.S. produces more highly educated workers than any other nation.
\doc\web\97\09\edworld.wk1
Educational Attainment
(US and Canada are the highest higher education in the world)
Lower Higher Higher
SecondarSecondarEducatioIndex
Canada 29 30 41 1.32
United States 16 53 31 1.00
Norway 21 54 25 -1.24
New Zealand 43 33 24 -1.29
Sweden 30 46 24 -1.29
Australia2 47 30 23 -1.35
Germany 18 60 22 -1.41
Japan1 30 48 21 -1.48
Netherlands 42 37 21 -1.48
Switzerland 19 60 21 -1.48
Belgium 55 25 20 -1.55
United Kingdom 32 49 19 -1.63
Denmark 41 40 19 -1.63
Finland 39 43 18 -1.72
Ireland 58 25 17 -1.82
France 48 36 16 -1.94
Spain 77 10 13 -2.38
Czechoslovakia3 27 63 10 -3.10
Austria 32 61 7 -4.43
Portugal 86 7 7 -4.43
Italy 72 22 6 -5.17
Turkey 86 9 5 -6.20
University Enrollment
(United States and Canada Lead the World)
Age
----------------18-21
Country 18-21 22-25 26-29 Index
---------------------------------------------------
G-72
United States 25.0 12.1 5.4 1.00
Canada 23.9 13.9 5.6 -1.05
Spain 22.5 14.9 5.4 -1.11
France 20.2 11.6 3.8 -1.24
Netherlands 20.1 15.9 4.8 -1.24
Australia 18.8 6.2 5.4 -1.33
New Zealand 18.8 7.8 3.6 -1.33
Belgium 16.9 7.1 1.5 -1.48
Greece 15.6 1.6 0.3 -1.60
United Kingdom 14.2 4.7 1.8 -1.76
Austria 13.1 15.4 9.0 -1.91
Finland 10.3 16.6 8.7 -2.43
Norway 8.4 15.3 6.5 -2.98
Poland 8.1 12.1- -3.09
Denmark 7.8 17.2 8.7 -3.21
West Germany (f 7.4 15.2 9.6 -3.38
Turkey 7.0 4.9 2.3 -3.57
Hungary 6.0 5.0 1.6 -4.17
Switzerland 4.8 7.8 4.0 -5.21
Sweden 4.3 8.1 3.8 -5.81
SOURCE: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs/eiip/index.html
Education Indicators: An International Perspective
US Dept of Education
-------------------------------------------------------------
In 1994, 62 percent of high school graduates enrolled in college the
October following graduation, up from 47 percent in 1973. Source:
US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, October Current
Population Survyes.
Preparation for Work, The Condition of Education 1996 National
Center for Education Statistics no. 8
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/97373.pdf
\clip\97\27\workskill.pdf
1973 1983 1994
-----------------------------------
Total 47 53 62
2-yr 15 19 21
4-yr 32 34 41
\priv\96b\08\hongcoll.txt Date: Sun, 14 Jul 1996 07:27:48 -0400 From:
NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) Colony lacking in educational
tradition By Michael Dorgan San Jose Mercury News Staff Writer. US and
Japan are about 50% college going, but Hong Kong is only at 8%
Note - Japan college rate is actually only about 1/2 that of the US
---------------------------------------------------
\doc\96\04\homegrown.txt "Home-Grown Standards" Albert Shanker,
American Federation of Teachers (ad) New Republic June 10, 1996
f053196
"AP exams are not as tough as those face by French or German students
seeking entry into college, but they are not pushovers either" Ed
Comment: Only half as many Europeans attend college as Americans.
"If nearly one-third of youngsters in Germany and France and japan
take and pass four or five exams that are at least as difficult as
the APs, why shouldn't our students be able to do the same?" Comment:
about half of US children attend some college, about one quarter
complete, far higher than any other nation on earth, Japand Germany
included. If US kids can be pushed harder, great, but lets get some
perspective.
----------------------------------------------------
Source: Statistical Abstract of the World, Marlita A. Reddy Editor,
base data United Nations as of 1991. Gale Research 1994
Rates of post-secondary education for adults over 25
United States 32.2
Japan 21.2
Germany 17.3
China 1.0
--------------------------------------------------------
c:\doc\96\03\worlcoll.wk1
College Students by Nation
As of 1990, source: The Economist Book of Vital World Statistics, 1990
Comparitive analysis by Arthur Hu
West Germany and Japan are far behind the US and Canada in numbers
of college students, at 1/2 and 1/2.6 respectively
StudentsFemale Univ or Index
OECD per 100k equiv
US 5142 33 62.5 1.00
Canada 4950 61.1 1.04
Korea 3671 30 70.0 1.40
Phillipines? 3580 54 89.6 1.44
Israel 2762 46 54.0 1.86
Netherlands 2749 42 43.1 1.87
Norway 2730 51 41.2 1.88
West Germany 2592 41 86.5 1.98
Belgium 2566 47 40.7 2.00
Spain 2542 40 94.4 2.02
Austria 2511 46 93.3 2.05
Australia 2444 49 100.0 2.10
France 2395 51 75.1 2.15
Denmark 2314 50 79.1 2.22
Sweden 2209 53 69.7 2.33
Italy 1995 47 99.2 2.58
Greece 1987 49 58.6 2.59
Ireland 1979 43 55.6 2.60
Japan 1971 37 80.7 2.61
Iceland 1909 54 93.9 2.69
UK 1880 46 33.8 2.74
Switzerland 1874 32 64.5 2.74
Finland 1831 50 71.2 2.81
Mexico 1578 36 95.0 3.26
Hong Kong 1410 35 18.8 3.65
Portugal 1020 54 67.8 5.04
Turkey 1020 33 64.0 5.04
Singapore? 963 42 40.3 5.34
Luxembourg 232 34 100.0 22.16
China 190 31 27.06
Phillipines is likely reversed with Singapore.
GERMANS CLAMOUR TO KEEP COLLEGE FREE, BUT FEW CAN GO VS USA
\clip\97\28\germcoll.txt http://www.latimes.com (hunter) Friday,
November 28, 1997 German Students Protest Fund Cuts Education: About
40,000 demonstrators arrive in Bonn in support of tuition-free
universities. Police say no incidents were reported. From Associated
Press [1/3 of Germans seek higher education vs. 2/3 of Americans,
college may be free, but far fewer go than Americans who are free to
pay their own way as well]
>>\doc\96\02\ukcoll.txt "Degrees of poverty" Economist Feb 3 1996 p.
48 31% hs grads go to college in UK In United Kingdom, only 5% of
high school leavers went on to higher education in the 1960s. In 1995
it was 31%, but the goal is 40% similar to the US.
>>\doc\96\01\hedsmith.txt "America Not Competitive" NW Asian Weekly
July 15, 1995 Hedrick Smith in "Rethinking America" points out 6% of
US, vs. 40% of German and 94% of Japanese students in high school
study calculus. The average age of college students is 28. 70% of US
students don't finish college (but he doesn't point out this is
higher than any other nation in the world, tied with Canada)
\doc\95\09\germcoll.txt - college prep school grads go to college for
free in Germany
HIGHER EDUCATION IS ALREADY HIGHEST IN WORLD, WHY ADD MORE FEDERAL
MONEY? \doc\web\97\02\collhigh.txt "Is an Education Crusade Needed?
Funds, Pupils Going to College At All-Time Highs" Investors Business
Daily Feb 11, 1997 p. 1 f021197-1 * US is at or near #1 in world in
higher education (but pundits say we lag other countries instead
"twice as many Americans 25-34 hold bachelors degrees compared to
most other countries", and that includes Japan and Germany) Over 5%
have some post-secondary education, astouding by international
standards.
\priv\95\17\usfair.txt - full text
\doc\95\14\usfair.txt - summary
U.S. EARNS FAIR MARKS IN EDUCATION REPORT
SAYS IT COMPARES FAVORABLY WITH OTHER NATIONS San
Francisco Chronicle (SF) - THURSDAY, December 9, 1993
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(based in Paris) found that the US
#1 in higher education spending $13,679 vs. $10,415 for Australia #2,
and $6,000-$7,000 average for other 24 countries
#1 in 25-64 with 4 year college degree
#1 in perentage of women in higher education
top 5 in percentage of 5 yr olds in education
top 3 in science graduates, behind Japan and UK, but ahead
of Germany
Germany has only 1/2 rate of higher education
Japan has only 2/3 rate of higher education
US blacks vs. the world:
Race Rate Percent
US White 1.00 42%
US Black -1.27 33%
Japan -1.50 28%*
German -2.00 21%*
Percent 18-24 high school graduates enrolled in college 1993:
black - 33%
white - 42%