url: http://www.arthurhu.com/index/abirth.htm
If there were an ethnic strategy to family success, it would be to minimize teen and unmarried births, and maximize education and income, and get married before birth, which leads to positive health, economic and educational outcomes, while the opposite is true for races with high rates of teen births which have high rates of infant mortality and low academic achievment.
On the minus side, Asians are more likely to be below poverty level, be uninsured or publicly insured, and receive late or no prenatal care. Suprisingly, the only negative outcomes are a slightly higher rate of moderately low birthweight, but this seems to be a sign of smaller babies, not less healthy since the rate of infant mortality is much lower than any other ethnic group. Asians also have the lowest rate of SIDS, Asians were the inspiration to try moving babies off their stomachs which was the recommended sleeping position in the West.
This is almost never reported because this would imply that a socially backward and intolerant culture such as most Asian cultures have positive social outcomes.
see @@abortion See @@adoption see %%aids see @@drugs see @@health %%drugs see %%circumcision see %%infant mortality see %%low birth weight see %%prenatal care see %%smoking Summary stats: Ranked by Black -------------------------------- Abandoned Babies W1.0 B-15.2 H-2.3 A-1.2 N-3.1 (note8) US 90 Unmarried W1.0 B-4.14 H-2.03 A 1.44 (note7) Seattle Teen Preg W1.0 B-4.06 H-4.43 A-1.12 N-4.46 (note3) US92 %born out of wedlockW1.0 B-3.7 H-2.2 A 2.1 (note5) CA 15-17 Teen/Married W1.0 B-3.17 H-1.04 A 2.16 N 1.09 (note4) US90 Unmarried Mothers W1.0 B-3.26 H-1.80 A 1.55 N-2.63 (note1) US Teen Birth rate W1.0 B-2.45 H-2.70 (note2) CA Teen Births W1.0 B-2.39 H-1.43 A 1.8 N-1.44 US90 Teen Birth Rate W1.0 B-2.22 H-1.97 A 1.92 N-1.60 (note6) MA95 Infant Mortality W1.0 B-2.19 H-1.63 A 1.46 US90 Infant Mortality W1.0 B-2.07 H-1.05 A 2.00 doc\95\03\infmort.wk1 MA92 very low birth wt W1.0 B -2.05H 1.33A -1.01 N-1.63 \doc\94\17\masslbw.wk1 Premature, =inc, care W1.0 B-2.0 \doc\95\01\blakinfn.txt Smoke, drink drug preg W1.0 B-2.0 \doc\95\01\blakinfn.txt CA93 Pregnant Drug Use W1.0 B-2.0 H 1.33 A 1.71 doc\doc936\mothdrug US Abortion UChicago W1.0 B-1.4 H-1.17 A-2.6 N-1.5 \doc\95\11\aborrace.wk1 Proportion of Abortions W1.0 B-1.82 H-1.01 Pregnancies / woman W1.0 B-1.82 H-1.68 CA86 Lo Birth Wt. W1.0 B-1.8 H-1.1 A-1.5 N 1.0 doc938\lobirth.xls MA92 LoBW nonsmoker W1.0 B-2.55 H-1.48 A-1.44 Mass Dept Health US 1990 Birth Rates W1.0 B-1.31 H-1.49 A-1.15 N-1.42 US90 30-34 Birth rate W1.0 B-1.19 H-1.20 A 1.30 N-1.13 (note6) MA92 low birth weight W1.0 B-1.07 H-1.12 A-1.25 N-1.07 \doc\94\17\masslbw.wk1 ------------ parity -------------------------- Proportion of Miscarr W1.0 B 1.21 H-1.04 MA92 Smoked pregnant W1.0 B 1.51 H 1.79 A 3.8 Mass Dept Health Almost every risk and outcome is worse for Blacks than Whites. Ranked by Asian - Compared with whites, only the overall US birth rate higher. The Seattle teen birth rate is comparable, and even then, it's not worse by much compared with a very elite white populaton. Otherwise, Asians have lowest teen and unwed birth rates, and highest rate of mature motherhood, when careers, marriage and education are completed, lowest rate of drug and alchohol use while pregnant. Only birthweights and abortion rates are worse than for whites. W B H A N ---------------------------------------------------------------- Japan vs. USA W 1 50.0 MA92 Smoked pregnant W 1B 1.51H 1.79A 3.8 Mass Dept Health CA 15-17 Teen/Married W 1B -3.17H -1.04A 2.16N 1.09 (note4) US92 %born out of wedlocW 1B -3.70H -2.20A 2.10 (note5) US90 Infant Mortality W 1B -2.07H -1.05A 2.00 doc\95\03\infmort.wk1 US90 Teen Birth Rate W 1B -2.22H -1.97A 1.92N-1.60 (note6) CA Teen Births W 1B -2.39H -1.43A 1.80N-1.44 CA93 Pregnant Drug Use W 1B -2.0 H 1.33A 1.71 \doc\doc936\mothdrug US90 Unmarried Mothers W 1B -3.26H -1.80A 1.55N-2.63 (note1) MA95 Infant Mortality W 1B -2.19H -1.63A 1.46 US 90 Unmarried W 1B -4.14H -2.03A 1.44 (note7) US90 30-34 Birth rate W 1B -1.19H -1.20A 1.30N-1.13 (note6) CA90 Infant Mortality W 1B -2.34H -1.01A 1.15 \doc\96\03\infmort.wk1 ------------- parity ------------------------------------------- MA92 very low birth wt W 1B -2.05H 1.33A -1.01N-1.63 \doc\94\17\masslbw.wk1 Seattle Teen Preg W 1B -4.06H -4.43A -1.12N-4.46 (note3) US 1990 Birth Rates W 1B -1.31H -1.49A -1.15N-1.42 Abandoned Babies W 1B-15.20H -2.30A -1.20N-3.1 (note8) MA92 low birth weight W 1B-1.07 H -1.12A -1.25N-1.07 \doc\94\17\masslbw.wk1 CA86 Lo Birth Wt. W 1B -1.8 H -1.1 A -1.5 N 1.0 doc938\lobirth.xls US Abortion UChicago W 1B -1.4 H -1.17A -2.6 N-1.5 \doc\95\11\aborrace.wk1 MA92 LoBW nonsmoker W 1B-2.55 H -1.48A -1.44 Mass Dept Health also see - abortion, adoption, infant mortality, low birth weight, prenatal careSummary - The number one problem in American society is the fall of the nuclear American family, and poor birth statistics. But Asians are almost always ignored as the group with the lowest rates of unmarried and teen births, the lowest rates of infant mortality, even among the poorest groups, the lowest rates of pregnant drug use and smoking. This isn't racism, it's a culture that leads to healthier babies and stronger families. @@Abandoned / Hidden Pregnancy There are actually quite a few stories of Asian teen women who are too embarassed to bear the shame of single motherhood and choose to abandon their babies at birth, and sometimes even toss them in the trash. Asians don't have a high rate of abandoned babies, but a high rate of "boarder" babies may be because of their lower birth rate. \clip\97\19\abanbaby.txt c 1997 Cable News Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Fear, denial lie behind abandoned babies epidemic July 29, 1997 \clip\97\15\hidpreg.txt http://www.seattletimes.com/extra/browse/html97/girl_060597.html The Seattle Times Company Thursday, June 5, 1997 Hidden births, hidden grief: Denial and panic may make a young mother hide her pregnancy, even kill her newborn by Nancy Montgomery Seattle Times Snohomish County bureau [This story mentions the Asian woman who threw her baby into a McDonalds trash bin, but makes no mention of the race of any of the half-dozen local cases of hidden pregnancy described] \priv\96B\05\ABANBABY.HTM other seattle cases of women ditching their babies in the trash. \priv\96B\05\BABYTRAS.HTM Asian U Wash student abandons baby in trash in McDonalds. (note8) doc93A:abaninf.xls Abandoned infants and boarder babies Abandoned: W0.29/1.0 B15.2 H2.3 A1.2 N 3.1 Boarder: W0.18/1.0 B28.1 H1.3 A3.9 N10.3 http://www.arthurhu.com/index/abirth.htm#age @@Age of Mother Health, economic and education risks increase for younger mothers, few know that Asians not only have the lowest rate of teen mothers, but the highest rate of older mothers, who are more likely to have high paying careers and completed a college education, and / or married men who are highly educated with good careers. (note6) Fertility of American Women: June 1990 P-20-454 by Amara Bachu, US Census Bureau Rank by teen birth rate Rank by 30-34 birth rate Black 2.22 Asian 1.30 Hispanic 1.97 Hispanic 1.20 AmIndian 1.60 White 1.00 All 1.18 All -1.01 White 1.00 Black -1.19 Asian -1.92 AmIndian -1.33 z62\clip\2002\12\cbirth.txt http://www.msnbc.com/news/846347.asp?0cv=CB10 Women in U.S. delaying childbirth CDC study finds age at first birth rising IN MSNBC By Robert Bazell (NBC NEWS) The ethnic background of Americans also plays a big role. Puerto Ricans, Native Americans and African Americans are on average the youngest mothers while Filipina, Chinese and Japanese Americans are the oldest. "New research links mother's age to increased health risk for babies" Seattle Times April 27, 1995 p. A9 New England Journal of Medicine study shows teen mothers are at greater risk because of their young age. "APA Women Waiting Longer to Have Children" Asian Week April 2, 1993 p.3 National Center for Health Statistics: 58% of Chinese Am and 60% of Japan Am women who had children in 1990 were 30 or older \clip\97\25\teenmom.txt The Associated Press Study: Odds are stacked against children of teen moms November 4, 1997 "Daughters born to teen moms in inner-city Baltimore in the early 1960s were 3.6 times more likely to be on welfare than those with mothers older than 25, according to the study in this month's issue of the journal Pediatrics. " @@alchohol Asians and Hispanics have the lowest rates given rates of drug use, college and high school alchohol abuse. d:\doc\94\19\apalocho.doc - API alchohol use and fetal alchohol syndrome threatents Asians, but there is no data available. @@Asian Advantage ASIAN MYTH OF HEALTHY BABIES TRUE TO STATISTICS z40\clip\2000\04\apbirth.txt zip40\clipim\2000\04\17\apibirth.efx API Births found to be healthy Asian Week April 6, 2000 Jamet Dang. Alameda County report shows racial disparities in maternal health. Women of Asian descent have relatively healthy babies with an overall lower rate of low birth weight, pre-term births and infant mortality compared to other minority groups. Report released in march by Maternal Child and Health Program. Asians had lowest rates of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, low rates of obesity and hypertension. Extremely low mortality rates. Rates of births to teens, unmarried women, and multiple births lower among API than whites. Hispanic women have low rates of low birthweight, drug, tobacco use during pregnancy. Latin teens 4x vs white to have babies. _Contrary to the popular myth of Asians being the healthiest racial and ethnic group_, there are significant health risk disparities among the subgroups.. Cambodians and Pacific Islanders have the worst outcomes. 33% of API don't speak english. @@Athlete MORE INTELLIGENT / ACTIVE WOMEN HAVE FEWER CHILDREN \doc\web\99\10\activf.txt From: "Patricia Hausman"
- Abortion
- Drugs While Pregnant: Low for Asias, Hi for Black
- Cesarean Birth
- Drug Use: Asians Lowest
- Hormones
- Infant Mortality: Low for Asians, Hi for Blacks
- Intended Pregnancies
- Low Birth Weight
- Prenatal Care
- Sex Selection
- Smoking: Asians Lowest
- Teen / Unwed births: Asians Lowest
Date Tue, 13 Jul 1999 I looked at the reproductive success of women with an unusal cognitive ability pattern (top decile for math and mechanical ability). These women were far more likely to report having played sports in high school than a control group that had above average general ability. The more active group did have considerably fewer pregnancies, as well as more miscarriages. As of their last interview, these women were between 31 and 39, and almost half were childless. @@Bacterial Vaginosis BLACKS HIGHEST, ASIANS LOWEST \doc\web\98\06\bactvag.wk1 \clip\98\10\healborn.txt In health all babies not born equal http://www.seattletimes.com/news/health-science/html98/kids_080498.html " -- Bacterial infection. Bacterial vaginosis, an infection seen in women of all races, appears to be more prevalent in black women. Mark Klebanoff, an epidemiologist, says studies show that 25 percent to 40 percent of black women have elevated levels of bacterial vaginosis, compared with 15 percent to 20 percent of Hispanic women, 10 percent of white women and 8 percent of Asian women. " Seattle Times Company August 4, 1998 Race a major factor in health of babies by Tracey A. Reeves Bacterial Vaginosis w1.00 b-3.00 h-1.80 a1.25 percent index white 10 1.00 black 30 -3.00 hispanic 18 -1.80 asian 8 1.25 @@birth center doc936:birthcen.prn Asians less likely to use birth center W1.2 B-4.2 H1.5 A-3.4 @@Black Blacks have worse birth outcome than whites, even with comparable education or income. Ethiopian immigrants have some better outcomes, but not better for low-birthweight. Dora Costa's web page, http://web.mit.edu/costa/www/papers.html, in PDF form, without ordering it. Race and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Twentieth Century: A Long-Term Comparison. NBER Working Paper No. 9593 http://web.mit.edu/costa/www/race5.pdf [No mention of non-environmental causes, no mention of good outcomes for high poverty Hispanics or Asians] Today the primary observable explaining differences in prematurity rates is the low marriage rate of black women. Maternal birth weight accounts for 5-8 percent of the gap in black-white birth weights in the recent data, suggesting a role for intergenerational factors. ETHIOPIAN IMMIGRANTS HAVE MORE HIGH-, SAME LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT AS US BLACKS z49\clip\2001\05\ethbirt.txt Am J Public Health 1994 Sep;84(9):1505-7 Pregnancy risk factors and birth outcomes in Washington State: a comparison of Ethiopian-born and US-born women. Wasse H, Holt VL, Daling JR. Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195. Ethiopians were older, more likely to be married, and less likely to smoke than were US-born women, and they were less likely to have anemia than US-born Blacks. The adjusted low-birthweight risk among Ethiopians was similar to that of US-born Blacks (relative risk [RR] = 0.9) and Whites (RR = 1.1). Ethiopians were more likely to have high-birthweight infants than were US-born Blacks (RR = 4.0). Cultural and behavioral etiologies may explain these favorable birth outcomes. @@breast feeding d:\doc\94\18\mabirt01.wk1 - Mass births teen, low, cesarean sections and breast feeding East Asians high, but SE Asians are low, perhaps due to welfare dependency and free formula. Breast Feeding Mass 1992 Other Asian 1.44 Cent American 1.34 Other Hispanic 1.33 Dominican 1.27 Haitian 1.27 Chinese 1.06 Hispanic 1.04 Other 1.02 White nonHisp 1.00 State Total -1.01 Black non-Hisp -1.09 Asian -1.11 Other Black -1.16 Puerto Rican -1.22 Other SE Asian -1.56 Unknown -1.68 Vietnamese -2.44 Cambodian -3.36 Vietnamese and Cambodians least d:\doc\94\17\massceas.wk1 - Prenatal, Breast Feed, Cesarean Sec Birth Characteristics and Source of Prenatal Care Payments By Race and Hispanic Ethnicity Massachusetts: 1992 breast feeding W1.0 B-1.10 H1.02 A-1.12 @@cesarean birth Summary - Mass births are much lower for Asians, but WA survey were linked with older births, which were more common among Asians. d:\doc\94\16\cesbirth.wk1 Higher age and first births is linked to higher cesaraean births Cesarean births vs. <3 population W1.00 B1.12 H1.24 A1.09 (not consistent with Massachusetts, minorities was lower) Data insufficient to compare rate for races d:\doc\94\17\massceas.wk1 - Prenatal, Breast Feed, Cesarean Sec Birth Characteristics and Source of Prenatal Care Payments By Race and Hispanic Ethnicity Massachusetts: 1992 cesarean section W1.00 B-1.08 H-1.12 A-1.37 d:\doc\94\18\mabirt01.wk1 - Mass births teen, low, cesarean sections and breast feeding Cesarean Sections Mass 1992 Haitian 1.08 Dominican 1.04 Other Hispanic 1.01 White nonHisp 1.00 State Total -1.03 Other -1.04 Other Asian -1.06 Black non-Hisp -1.08 Other Black -1.11 Hispanic -1.12 Puerto Rican -1.17 Chinese -1.20 Asian -1.37 Unknown -1.50 Vietnamese -1.54 Cent American -1.56 Other SE Asian -1.66 Cambodian -3.27 @@Crime \doc\web\97\04\offmoth.wk1 Characteristics of Mothers of Offenders vs nonOffenders A study at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle found that children of unmarried and very young mothers were at much higher risk of being juvenile offenders. Further analysis shows that Blacks were highest, Asians were the lowest, and my data shows that, not so coincidentally, Asians have the lowest and Blacks the highest rate of unmarried teen pregnancies, but the highest rate of married and mature births over 25, which may explain much of why Blacks outcomes are so poor, and Asian outcomes are so favorable. Ranked by Offender Ratio Risk Original table OffenderNonoffenRatio Index Risk: NativeAm 3.3 1.6 2.06 -2.14 Unmarried 16.2 8.4 1.93 -2.00 AfricanAm 4.6 2.4 1.92 -1.98 Mother <18 8.4 4.8 1.75 -1.81 Female 52.3 30.8 1.70 -1.76 Mother 18- 13.2 9.8 1.35 -1.39 Born #4+ 12.9 10.6 1.22 -1.26 Born #3 15.5 13.5 1.15 -1.19 Born Urban 54.8 51.1 1.07 -1.11 Mother 20- 38.6 37.1 1.04 -1.08 Norm Birth 95.2 94.5 1.01 -1.04 Norm gest 90.7 90.4 1.00 -1.04 Born #2 32.8 32.9 1.00 -1.03 Preterm 9.3 9.6 0.97 -1.00 White 89.9 93.1 0.97 1.00 Born Rural 45.2 48.9 0.92 1.04 Married 83.8 91.6 0.91 1.06 Born #1 38.8 43 0.90 1.07 Low BirthW 4.8 5.5 0.87 1.11 Mother 25- 27.5 32.6 0.84 1.14 Mother 35+ 3 3.6 0.83 1.16 Mother 30- 9.3 12.1 0.77 1.26 OtherNonW 2.2 2.9 0.76 1.27 Male 47.8 69.2 0.69 1.40 Very Low B 0.2 0.8 0.25 3.86 Ratio analysis by Arthur Hu 6/97 The highest risk ratios are for Black, Native American, unmarried and under 18 at time of birth. The lowest risk ratios are Asian mother, mothers over the age of 25 first born and married. (Most nonwhite other race is Asian) Asians have the lowest rate of teen births, unmarried births, and the highest rate of births over age 25 which may largely explain the Asian advantage but this was not explored by the study which largely ignored other nonwhite races. From study: "Maternal and Perinatal Risks Factors for Later Delinquency" Amy Conseur et. al Pediatrics Vol 99 No. 6 June 1997 p. 783 Reprint Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center Box 359960 325 Ninth Ave Seattle WA 98104-2499 (F060697) Birth records were used to determine mother's characteristics at birth of juvenile offenders and nonoffenders. @@defects BIRTH DEFECTS MAY BE GENETIC z48\clip\2001\02\birtdef.txt Tuesday February 13 4:08 PM ET Norwegian Study Traces Birth Defect Implications http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20010213/sc/health_defects_dc_1.html CHICAGO (Reuters) - Men born with birth defects are less likely to have children of their own but when they do those children are more likely to suffer a defect, Norwegian researchers reported on Tuesday. \priv\96b\07\birthdef.txt Date: Thu, 11 Jul 1996 22:32:25 -0400 From: NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) OPINION: Making Healthy Babies By Donald R. Mattison, The Journal of Commerce 12 to 14 out of 100 babies has a serious birth defect or developmental disability @@drug Asians have the lowest rate of drug use while pregnant. It's not polite to say which group is the highest, and if it is highest, it's just proof of racial bias. BIAS CONCLUDED IN HIGHER RATE OF DRUG TESTED BLACK BABIES z48\clip\2001\03\blakbaby.txt http://www.suntimes.com/output/news/coke16.html Black newborns likelier to be drug-tested: study March 16, 2001 BY BRENDA WARNER ROTZOLL STAFF REPORTER Black babies are more likely than white babies to be tested for cocaine and to be taken away from their mothers if the drug is present, according to the March issue of the Chicago Reporter. the most compelling explanation is that it is evidence of bias [urban hospitals test every baby, but only few in suburbs] US drug use by pregnant mothers B-2.0 H 1.3 A1.71 Cocaine exposed births NYC B-6.9 H-3.0 A NA doc936:mothdrug.xls,prn - US drug use of pregnant mothers by race B=2.0 H=-1.33 A=-1.71 \doc\95\14\crakbaby.wk1,.txt Cocaine Exposed Births in NYC by Race Incidence Index: W1%(1.0) B6.7%(6.9) H2.9%(3.0) A-NA \doc\95\14\drughire.txt "Hires passing drug tests" USA Today Oct 30, 1995. New job applicants tested for drugs have declined from 11.4% in 1989 to 3.8% in 1994 for postive. sfdrug.txt Blacks are 90% of cocaine addicted births in San Francisco "Mentors help black youths to adulthood" Gregory Lewis, San Francisco Chronicle March 10, 1991 ================================================================== @@Eugenics Mankind Quarterly http://mankind.org/Man22.Htm?mgiToken=CDA00E122F35A590C A Translation Of.- "Popularizing the Knowledge of Eugenics and Advocating Optimal Births Vigorously" by Sun Dong-Sheng Jinan Army Institute, People's Republic of China "recent developments in Japan and Singapore, when laid aside the evidently growing interest in China itself in eugenic measures to improve its human capital, suggest that the taboo on this subject is not as strong in East Asia as in the West." " Eugenics is currently being promoted in China. Although literally it means "superior births," the essence of eugenics can be found in the expression, "the birth of that which is better," that is to say, the birth of children whose prenatal characteristics are excellent. " @@Fertility: Asians have the lowest rates of fertility overall, though some recent refugee groups are very high Summary ranked by Asian 1980 Index W1.00 B-1.45 H-1.49 A1.13 1990 Index W1.00 B-1.17 H A1.06 file:usfert.wk1 usfert.prn "Making babies" Asian Week Nov 8, 1996 F011497-1 Asians have varying fertility rates. Established groups have low rates, new refugees are high. US Fertility Rates: Asians have the lowest number of children 1990 Index W1.00 B-1.17 H A1.06 Number of children ever born per woman 15 years and older for selected races: 1990 Rate Thai 1.4 1.29 Japanese 1.5 1.20 Korean 1.6 1.13 AsianIndian 1.6 1.13 Chinese 1.6 1.13 Asian/PI 1.7 1.06 White 1.8 1.00 Native Born 1.8 1.00 Filipino 1.9 -1.06 Vietnamese 1.9 -1.06 Foreign bor 2.0 -1.11 Guamanian 2.0 -1.11 Black 2.1 -1.17 Hawaiian 2.1 -1.17 Samoan 2.3 -1.28 NativeAm 2.3 -1.28 Aleut 2.3 -1.28 Laotian 2.5 -1.39 Cambodian 2.5 -1.39 Inuit 2.7 -1.50 Hmong 9.5 -5.28 Source: US Census Bureau Population Division As cited by Asian Week Nov 8, 1996 "Making babies" Hmong figure from: "Early marriages of Hmong continue" San Jose Mercury May 24, 1993 3B (Los Angeles Times) -------------------------------------------------------------- \doc\pop\percapit.wk1,\doc\96\03\percap.prn 1980 Census Family Fertility Child Birth Rate BearAge Fertility Birth Rate White 100.0% 100.0% 22.9% 1404 14.8 Black 132.4% 145.9% 25.1% 1859 21.6 Asian -113.9% 114.2% 27.5% 1233 16.9 Hisp 136.9% 149.3% 25.2% 1922 22.1 --> Asians have nearly the largest families, though lowest fertility rate --> Hispanics have largest families and fertility rates --> Asians have highest percentage of child-bearing age women --> Whites have lowest birth rate, and percentage of child bearers * Fertility is children ever born per 1000 women, ages 25 to 34 * Birth rate is births per year per 1000 persons * Asian birth rate is high despite lower fertility because so many women are in child-bearing years compared to white. doc922\fertdoc.doc Fertility of Am Women 4-1-92 ------------------------------------------------------------- Cochran posits that 5% of males would be enough to fertilize every female. It takes average of sex 3 times to produce a baby. Estimates 1 male could service 250 females. @@Gender %%General AFRICANS BORN 1:1 BOY GIRL VS WHITES Date sent: Mon, 10 May 1999 pfrost@globetrotter.qc.ca writes: (a) the surplus of male children over female children (In people of European origin, 105 boys are born for 100 girls. In people of West African origin, the sex ratio at birth is almost equal); I noticed this racial disparity in the Statistical Abstract of the U.S. a couple of years ago. It's especially odd because relative to other races in the U.S., the ratio among blacks of male deaths to female deaths before adulthood is higher. Thus, I'd expect African-Americans to have a greater than normal surplus of baby boys over baby girls, so that the two sexes would be about equal in numbers when they reach mating age. So, why is the opposite true? Steve Sailer http://members.aol.com/steveslr \clip\97\21\spouage.txt "Study: Spouse's ages affect firstborn sex" Malcom Ritter AP Seattle Times Sept 25, 1997 F092697. In a sample of English couples, men who marry younger women had more male firstborns, women who married younger men tended to have more girls. @@Girls, preferences against / for Asian cultures are infamous for their bias against female babies, reports of this come from India to China, and developed Taiwan, and Korea. There have been no reports of this among Asians in America, but it might be over here too. %%China z56\clip\2002\06\prechin.txt Desire for Sons Drives Use of Prenatal Scans in China http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/21/international/asia/21CHIN.html By ERIK ECKHOLM 1990 census found a nationwide ratio of 111 newborn boys to 100 newborn girls. By 2000, to the alarm of demographers, the recorded disparity in births had grown to a national average of 117 boys for every 100 girls. In pockets of the countryside the imbalance is staggering, with births of as many as 144 boys recorded for every 100 girls. %%India z49\clip\2001\05\indgirl.txt New York Times, 2001.5.6 Modern Asia's Anomaly: The Girls Who Don't Get Born By CELIA W. DUGGER In most parts of both India and China, where more than two billion people live, it is generally a son who carries on the family line, inherits ancestral land, cares for his parents as they age and performs the most important ceremonial roles when they die. CENSUS RATIO SHOWS ABORTION OF GIRLS IS ON THE RISE z49\clip\2001\04\indabor.txt NYT 4/22/2001 Abortion in India Is Tipping Scales Sharply Against Girls "Our elders wanted a boy," she explained. India outlawed sex-determination tests in 1994, but 2001 census data, show the number of girls per 1,000 boys dropped to 927 this year from 945 in 1991 and 962 in 1981. Lionel Tiger 2001: One estimate is there are 122 NKorean Males to 100 females. CHINA 1.2B, 1.17 BOYS BORN PER GIRL z48\clip\2001\03\chindemo.txt China's population now more than 1.2 billion http://www.nandotimes.com/noframes/story/0,2107,500468205-500716106-503973632-0,00.html China's population now more than 1.2 billion By JOHN LEICESTER, Associated Press BEIJING (March 28, 2001 A 1999 survey counted 117 male births for every 100 girls - up from a ratio of 111 boys to 100 girls in 1990, Zhu said. Zhu said women may be aborting girls, despite rules banning the use of ultrasound scanners to test the sex of fetuses. Families also may not be reporting female births, he said. z47\clip\2000\12\gendpref.txt When It Comes to Having Children, Americans Still Prefer Boys POLL RELEASES December 26, 2000 by Wendy W. Simmons GALLUP NEWS SERVICEPRINCETON, NJ -- http://www.gallup.com/poll/releases/pr001226.asp Americans today still harbor a preference for having male rather than female children have sons. A majority of men (55%) say they would prefer to have a boy if they could have only one child; 18% of men would prefer a girl and 21% have no preference. Women, on the other hand, are just as likely to prefer girls as they are to prefer boys -- 32% of women say they would prefer a boy, compared with 35% who say they would prefer a girl and 28% who say it does not matter to them either way. ' JAPAN NOW PREFERS GIRLS, NOT BOYS \clip\99\20\gendpref.txt Japanese Couples Think Pink Girls have become the gender of choice among those trying to conceive, a reversal rooted in the profound social changes affecting the country. Besides, explains one young mother, 'boys don't listen.' LA Times, 11/15/99 By SONNI EFRON, Times Staff Writer the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in Tokyo has systematically documented the growing preference for girls by asking the same questions of married couples every five years. In 1982, the survey found that of those families who wanted only one child, 51.5% wanted a boy. But by 1987, only 37.1% wanted a boy, and by 1997 it was just 25%. In boy-crazy China, South Korea and Taiwan, abortions of female fetuses--particularly in families that already have one girl--are blamed for creating a large surplus of males, \clip\96\05\58bill.txt The Seattle Times Company Sept. 24, 1996 Science: 5.8 billion of us - and growing Changes in food and medicine, life spans and social conditions alter dynamics of population growth. Forced limits in China have led to abortions and killing of girls. \doc\96\02\chinadop.txt "Give me your squalling masses" Economist Feb 3, 1996 p. 22 More Chinese babies, 2,130, were adopted in 1995 than in the previous 5 years combined. Russia was #2 at 1,896, and South Korea has fallen to third with 1,666. Most are girls abandoned by parents who want boys because of the one-child policy. Some are left to be found in parks or train stations. =================================================================== %%India z50\clip\2001\06\indabor.txt AP International - 06/23/2001 India Addresses Abortions of Females by NIRMALA GEORGE Associated Press Writer NEW DELHI, India (AP) -- Government officials and religious leaders are meeting in an effort to stem an alarming rise abortions of female fetuses. @@Hispanic @@Latino http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-toddlers21-2009oct21,0,200059.story \clip\2009\10\latinodev.txt LATINO MOTHERS SMOKE, DRINK LESS, LOW INF MORTALITY, BUT LAG BY 2 OR 3 Researchers call it the "immigrant paradox": Pregnant Latino women smoke and drink less than pregnant white and African American women, Latino newborns have lower infant mortality rates, and the cognitive skill of infants 9 to 15 months are about equal for white and Latino children. .... but by age 2 or 3, their toddlers begin to lag behind white middle-class children in vocabulary, listening and problem-solving skills, according to two studies released Tuesday @@Hormones, Racial Differences Race and crime: an international dilemma. Rushton, J. Philippe Society, Jan-Feb 1995 Sex hormones also influence reproductive physiology. Whereas the average woman produces 1 egg every 28 days in the middle of the menstrual cycle, some women have shorter cycles and others produce more than one egg; both events translate into greater fecundity including the birth of dizygotic (two-egg) twins. Black women average shorter menstrual cycles than white women and produce a greater frequency of dizygotic twins. The rate per 1,000 births is less than 4 among east Asians, 8 among whites, and 16 or greater among Africans and African-Americans. @@Hmong \doc\95\14\hmong.txt Peter Herz points out Hmong have reputation in SE Asia for sexual freedom for teens, and marriage by capture \doc\doc933\HMONGMA.XLS hmong teen mothers \doc\95\14\hmongma.txt =========================================================================== @@Infant Mortality: Low for Asians, Hi for Blacks @@infanticide There are stories (see girls) from China, Korea, India and other nations that girls will be abandoned, or fetuses aborted, or outright killed after birth in preference for boys. %%Greece GREEKS WOULD PUT UNWORTHY INFANTS IN POTS TO DIE z46\doc\web\2000\10\pot.txt (1990) Francis J. Canavan writes that The selective aborting was practiced by "civilized" greek society "Sir Alfred Zimmern In 1911 published The Greek Commonwealth, The following is taken from pages 330-331 of the 5th edition, published by the Oxford University Press:" %%India z42\clipim\2000\05\16\india.efx Wall Street Journal May 9, 2000 Among Poor Villagers, Female infanticide Still flourishes in India. Miriam Jordan. Proverb says raising daughter is like watering neighbor's flowers. Pretty severe on Indian culture. jgadhgi4.efx %%Justifiable controversial book "The Giver" assigned as early as g4, perfect society assigns birth and baby education to professionals instead of parents, imperfect babies are killed. giver review by kjos zip37\clip\99\17\infanti.txt Infanticide Taught at Princeton From Today's Newsmax Teaching the Unthinkable Oliver NorthSeptember 10, 1999 "At Princeton University, the place where James Madison went to study theology, the class of 2003 will have a chance to study something much different: how and why we should be killing "defective" children. " @@Intended Pregnancy Teens and the poor have mostly unintended pregnancies \doc\web\98\06\seabirth.wk1 Does having kids fuel sprawl Seattle Birth Statistics Sept 20, 1998 Births by intent, medicaid 48%Intended, not medicare 15%Intended, medicare 20%Unintended medicare 17%Unintended, not medicare Percent intended by medicare 74%Intended not medicare 43%Intended medicare 63%Intended overall Most nonmedicare are intended, most poor cases are not intended Wash Dept of Soc and Health Serv "Teen Pregnancy Findings" Seattle Times May 1, 1997 p.1 from 1995 National Survey of Family Growth Percentage of pregnancies unintended Teenagers 66.7% All 31.0% @@Japan Japan has very low birth rates and very low rates of single births \clip\96\03\japnbirt.txt Date: Wed, 28 Aug 1996 08:13:36 -0400 From: NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) Health ministry to study impact of fewer children TOKYO, Aug. 28 (Kyodo) There may be problems posed by the declining number of children in view of figures which show that as of 1995 the average number of children a Japanese woman is likely to bear in a lifetime was a low 1.43. @@Low Birth Weight "Advances haven't cut low-birth-weight rate" Seattle Times June 10, 1997 Gannet News Services Reichard Whitmire Abstract: Tobacco use down down, from 29% of pregnant women in 1989 to 14% in 1995, 81.3% began prenatal care in the 1st trimester, teen births are down, especially blacks (8%), but the lbw rate continues to rise. "Black women continue to deliver low-birth-weight babies at more than twice the rate of white women, but that has held for many years" F061797 @@Maternal Death Blacks have a 4 times the maternal death rate as whites, the rates (as with infant mortality) remain high even for affluent and well educated mothers, which supports the notion of some that there are markeed biological differences between the races, not just "racism" as the sole explanation of health differences. Not enough data for Asians or Hispanics exists (though both are likely lower than whites since their infant mortality rates are also low) SONS SHORTEN MOTHERS LIFE BY 34 WKS, GIRLS + 23 IN 17-19TH CENTURY z56\clip\2002\05\mothboy.txt http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992267 Sons cut short their mothers' lives May 02 NewScientist.com news service Giving birth to and raising a son shortens a woman's lifespan by 34 weeks - but raising a daughter extends it by an average of 23 weeks, according to Finnish research. based on records of people who lived in pre-industrial northern Scandinavia between the 17th and 19th centuries. Death from childbirth: Racial Disparities found: Experts puzzled by Hispanic better outcomes than more affluent blacks. Obstetrics and Gynecology reports per 100,000 women who give birth: Hispanics about 2x whites, but much less than comparably poor blacks. (Study does not note Hispanics also have low infant mortality, as do Asians) z38\clipim\99\11\13\birtdeat.tif Rate Poor/nrly poor fam 6 1.0 26 nonHispanic white 10 -1.7 60 Hispanic 25 -4.1 55 Black Asians not included In 1996 Hispanic women 18% of deliveries but 11% of childbearing age Ken Leveno believes poverty is overriding, deaths undercounted, Norton says economics is not everything \clip\99\15\matdeath.txt ny times black women mat death 4x whites BLACK WOMEN 4 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE GIVING BIRTH, EVEN AFFLUENT \clip\99\12\birth.txt NEW YORK TIMES June 18, 1999 Racial Divide Found in Maternal Mortality By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG WASHINGTON -- Though the nation's infant mortality rate has steadily declined over the last decade, the percentage of women who die in childbirth has remained essentially unchanged, and black women are four times as likely to die as whites, according to a Government study released Thursday. "Study: More pregnancy-related deaths in blacks" Seattle Times June 18, 1999. CDC reports mortality rates per 100,000 28.7 black New York highest rate i4.0 19.5 per 100,000 black i1.0 5.3 per 100,000 white 7.7 national 3.3 national goal, white in WA, MA, Nebraska black woman's risk of death is higher than whites for every specific cause of death in every age group. No data for other minority groups. @@Medicaid z47\clipim\2001\01\dejaview\dejaview.htm Deja's View In Poor Baby's Fight To Survive, a Parable Of a Medicaid HMO. Wall Street Journal Dec 27, 2000. Inner city woman too poor to keep phone service or buy a crib has $750,000 worth of medical care poured in to save her premature baby . "High-dollar Medicaid babies are major profit center.. the vast majority of Children's poor babies are insured, and command high rates of reimbursement." ..nine months and 13 days after she entered the NICU. As of Tuesday, her bill topped $750,000. What her case says about the economics of Medicaid managed care is something else. @@miscarriage \doc\95\07\pregbirt.wk1 - Birth statistics by Race "Study: 3 pregnancies for average woman" USA Today May 26, 1995 p. 3 Analysis by Arthur Hu @@mixed birth %%risk http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/oct/02/nation/chi-100208-asian-white-pregnancy-oct03 Chicago Tribine Archive for Thursday, October 02, 2008 Study explores pregnancy risks for Asian-white couples By Will Oremus October 02, 2008 PALO ALTO, Calif. - A new study from Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital and the Stanford University School of Medicine finds that Asian-white couples face pregnancy risks that can vary depending on which parent is Asian. Asian women whose partners are white, for instance, are more likely to deliver through Caesarean section than those with Asian partners. But white women with Asian partners have lower rates of Caesarean section delivery [Hmmm, maybe because Asian women are smaller?]...deliveries at the Johnson Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Services from 2000 to 2005. It’s one of the first to explore the distinct outcomes of Asian-white pregnancies, "Don't call them exotic" Northwest Asian Weekly (Seattle) Jun 24, 95 p. 47 - National Center for Health Statistics says 3.2% of births were multiracial in 94 vs. only 0.7% in 1968. \priv\95\01\intemarr.wk1 - Intermarry and Mixed Birth "All of the Above" A Magazine, Angelo Ragaza Vol 3 No. 1 (1994) p. 21 There are 1.39 mixed Japanese births for every two-Japanese parent birth @@multiple births Seattle Times Jan. 29, 1997 Drugs, mothers' age cited in rise in multiple births \CLIP\97\02\multbirt.txt http://www.seattletimes.com/topstories/browse/html97/birt_012997.html @@payment Summary - Asian women and other minorities much more likely to have births publicly funded. d:\doc\94\17\massceas.wk1 - Prenatal, Breast Feed, Cesarean Sec Birth Characteristics and Source of Prenatal Care Payments By Race and Hispanic Ethnicity Massachusetts: 1992 birth paid public W1.0 B3.05 H4.40 A1.94 birth paid private W1.0 B-1.59 H-2.63 A-1.20 @@poverty Poverty and lack of prenatal care is often given as the primary reason for bad birth outcomes, yet poor Asians and Hispanics have good outcomes despite higher rates of poverty and lower rates of prenatal care. \priv\95\06\mexdiet.txt Sixteen percent of non-Hispanic white women smoke heavily during pregnancy - compared with only 1 percent of immigrants born in Mexico. Despite conditions of often extreme poverty, babies born to recent Mexican immigrants are approximately as healthy as non-Hispanic whites, while black babies have 2 times more complications. @@premature Summary - Not much data, but based on mortality, Asians less likely to give premature birth, Hispanics close to white, despite poverty levels. Phil Rushton, controversial race researcher claims that blacks are simply born earlier, even though they come out more developed. Summary W1.00 B-3.00 H?.?? A?.?? BLACKS JUST BORN EARLIER, NOT PREMATURE Rushton presents data that blacks are born earlier, are more developed, walk earlier, brains develop earlier, while Asians bring up the rear. African and Black babies are typically born a week to ten days earlier than European and white babies (and east Asian babies) but this isn't necessarily evidence of "prematurity." In America, 51% of Black children have been born by week 39 of pregnancy compared with 33% of White children. In Europe, babies from Black Africa, even of professional mothers, are also born earlier than White babies. \priv\96b\01\prembirt.txt Date: Wed, 19 Jun 1996 14:41:12 -0400 From: NewsHound@sjmercury.com (NewsHound) Lung Treatment Helps White Babies More Than Blacks By DANIEL Q. HANEY. A new treatment which works better on whites than blacks appears to be widening the gap between the races because it reduced white deaths by 41%, but had no effect on blacks. Blacks are 3 times as likely as whites to be born prematurely and twice as likely to die in infancy. Genetic differences, smoking and other poor living habits during pregnancy and less prenatal care are all suspected. Black fetuses mature seven to 10 days earlier than whites. file:C:\priv\96\15\PREMIE.HTM Friday, May 10, 1996 · Page A2 1996 San Francisco Chronicle "Even a Week Helps Chances For Preemies Medical costs drop considerably as well" David Perlman, Chronicle Science Editor An extra week or two in the womb can make a major difference in the survival rates of extremely premature babies \priv\95\06\mexdiet.txt Sixteen percent of non-Hispanic white women smoke heavily during pregnancy - compared with only 1 percent of immigrants born in Mexico. Despite conditions of often extreme poverty, babies born to recent Mexican immigrants are approximately as healthy as non-Hispanic whites, while black babies have 2 times more complications. "Study: 'Clock' warns of premature births" Seattle Times May 1, 1995 p. A4 Researchers have found abnormal hormone levels in women who deliver prematurely which may help predict risk cases. d:\priv\94\19\prembir2.txt half 500-750 grams will survivre 10% will get cerebral palsey 10% will be retarded with IQs below 70 see asian health birth premature Many 'miracle' babies lack school skills USA today Sept 22, 1994 New England Journal of Medicine 68 Ohio children who survived under 750 grams 82-86, 45% in special ed, 20% mentally retarded 25% severe visual problems 9% cerebral palsey, 1/3 with no unusual problems. @@Prenatal Care Asians and Mexican have healthier babies, but have less prenatal care. CDC says prenatal care would help, but Mass data shows that low birthweight still higher for blacks even with equal prenatal care. \priv\96b\07\poorheal.txt Nineteen percent of births occur to women with no prenatal care or care beginning after the first trimester. Hispanic and African-American women exceed the county-wide rate (30 percent and 23 percent respectively.) Access to Care, Age- and Illness-Specific and Environmental Issues Revealed in County Health Status Report Card Health & Medical Wri SJ Mercury 7/10/96 d:\priv\95\01\prenat.txt - Hispanics have healthier babies, but less prenatal care D:\priv\94\19\prenbirt.txt - JAMA Oct 6, 1993 Prenatal visits reduce risk of low birth weight for cocaine users, Asians were excluded d:\doc\94\17\massceas.wk1 - Prenatal, Breast Feed, Cesarean Sec Birth Characteristics and Source of Prenatal Care Payments By Race and Hispanic Ethnicity Massachusetts: 1992 prenatal care W1.0 B-1.30 H-1.21 A-1.19 breakdown by insurance d:\doc\94\17\massbirt.wk1 - Births in Massachusetts by Race 1992 Massachusetts Department of Public Health Overall prenatal W1.00 B-1.30 H-1.21 A-1.19 Low Birthweight by prenatal care Adequate W1.00 B2.52 H1.07 A 1.28 Not Adequate W1.00 B1.51 H1.16 A-1.05 d:\doc\96\03\massbir2.wk1 - Births in Massachusetts by Race Massachusetts 1992 Department of Public Health 1992 Advance Data: Births Birthweight and Prenatal Care and Teen Births by Ethnicity Ranked by Adequate Prenatal Care Adequate Prenatal White NH 86.6% Chinese 85.5% Other Asian 83.1% State Total 82.9% Dominican 80.2% Other Hispanic 77.4% Hatian 73.2% Asian 73.0% Hispanic 71.7% Unknown 70.9% Other 68.6% Puerto Rican 68.5% Central American 67.1% Black NH 66.7% Other Black 65.6% Vietnamese 60.9% Other SEA 56.9% Cambodian 51.0% @@race z68\doc\web\2003\07\sailbirt.txt Analysis: Unwed moms' birth rate up By Steve Sailer UPI National Correspondent http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20030627-093918-8023r Percentage of births to unwed mothers, 2000 82.0 Wisconsin black 77.0 DC black 70.4 black 1994 68.4 black 2003 68.0 black 2002 68.0 Virgin Islands 62.0 Hisp Connecticut (Puerto Rican) 56.0 District of Columbia 2000 48.0 Hisp born in US 2000 47.0 LA, MI, NM 43.4 Hisp 2002 39.0 Hisp born outside US 2000 37.6 Hisp 1990 33.8 US 2002 33.5 US 2001 33.0 Idaho black 33.0 Maine 2002 (Vermont, W. Va, Indiana) 22.9 NH whites 2002 22.0 US 1965 18.5 Hawaii black 2000 (about = white) 18.0 US 1980 17.3 Hawaii white 2000 17.0 Utah 2000 16.9 white 1990 13.0 New Jersey white 13.0 Utah white 10.0 Asians less than 10 2000 8.0 DC white 8.0 US 1965 1.9 white 1956 Note: DC is one of few locations where whites are over 50% college educated, with more college than Asian Americans. Its white population appears to be atypically elevated as its black population is depressed. Seattle and Boulder are also similar in this respect. LOS ANGELES, June 27 (UPI) -- The good news from the federal government's preliminary birthrate data for 2002 is that the black illegitimacy rate has not only stopped getting worse, but it is now in a gradual decline. Last year, 68.0 percent of the black women who had babies were unmarried, down from 68.4 percent in 2001. The peak was 70.4 percent in 1994. Echoes of Rushton's early-maturation theory? http://livenews.24.com/English/Health_News/Health_News/ENG_9447_75804_SEO.asp Top obstetrician causes stir with ethnic theories on birth Paris - A prominent French obstetrician is making headlines for saying fetuses of black women reach term one full week before the expected delivery date for Caucasian women. Emile Papiernik, widely regarded as France's leading obstetrician, says in ``Le Passeur de Vie,'' (The Delivery Man), that understanding racial distinctions can help doctors save the lives of newborns delivered dangerously past their due date. \clip\98\10\healborn.txt In health all babies not born equal http://www.seattletimes.com/news/health-science/html98/kids_080498.html " -- Bacterial infection. Bacterial vaginosis, an infection seen in women of all races, appears to be more prevalent in black women. Mark Klebanoff, an epidemiologist, says studies show that 25 percent to 40 percent of black women have elevated levels of bacterial vaginosis, compared with 15 percent to 20 percent of Hispanic women, 10 percent of white women and 8 percent of Asian women. " Seattle Times Company August 4, 1998 Race a major factor in health of babies by Tracey A. Reeves @@rates Asians have lower fertility than whites (children ever born per women 25-34), but have a higher birth rate because most immigrants are young adults. Rates among the very young mothers 10-14 are higher. 1980 Fertility W1.00 B-1.32 H-1.37 A-1.13 * 1980 Birth Rate W1.00 B-1.46 H-1.49 A-1.46 * 1990 Birth Rate W1.00 B-1.31 H-1.49 A-1.15 * 2002 10-14 Rate W1.00 B-9.5 H-7.0 A-1.5 Live Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Divorces 1950-1991, From US Statistical Abstract 1993 \priv\96b\04\teenbirt.txt NewsHound@sjmercury.com Date: Tue, 25 Jun 1996 Birth Rate Declines for 3rd Year in Row. Fertility rates were highest for Hispanic and black women. Comment - not mentioned is that Asians are lower than whites. \doc\pop\percapit.wk1,\doc\96\03\percap.prn 1980 Census Family Composition Two Parents Fertility Child Bearing Women Size Female Head Children Birth Rate White 3.19 11.2% 82.9% 49.5% 100.0% 100.0% 22.9% Black 3.70 37.4% 45.4% 61.4% 132.4% 145.9% 25.1% Asian 3.80 10.3% 84.7% 93.8% 87.8% 114.2% 27.5% Hisp 3.90 19.7% 70.9% 68.1% 136.9% 149.3% 25.2% --> Nearly all Asian families have children under 18 --> Asians have the highest percentage of intact families --> Asians have nearly the largest families, though lowest fertility rate --> Hispanics have largest families and fertility rates --> Asians have highest percentage of child-bearing age women --> Whites have lowest birth rate, and percentage of child bearers * Fertility is children ever born per 1000 women, ages 25 to 34 * Birth rate is births per year per 1000 persons * Asian birth rate is high despite lower fertility because so many women are in child-bearing years compared to white. Total 2 Paren Female Children Fertility Birth Rate White 50,644 43,065 5,659 25,062 1404 14.8 Black 6,105 3,390 2,283 3,751 1859 21.6 Asian 818 644 84 767 1233 16.9 Hisp 3,273 2,413 646 2,229 1922 22.1 http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r041115.htm Press Release November 15, 2004 Contact: CDC National Center for Health Statistics Press Office Births to Youngest Teens at Lowest Levels in Almost 60 Years Rates per 1,000 for mothers 10-14 2002 1990 nhBlack 1.9 5.0 9.5 Hispanic 1.4 2.4 7.0 AsPI 0.3 0.7 1.5 nhWhite 0.2 0.5 1.0 2002 10-14 W1.00 B-9.5 H-7.0 A-1.5 This report, Births to 10 to 14 Year-Old Mothers, 1990-2002: Trends and Health Outcomes, is the first ever analysis of births to this group of very young mothers, and was prepared by the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics. Note: Asians higher than whites The birth rate among young adolescents aged 10 to 14 has fallen to the lowest level since 1946 according to a report released today by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). \priv\95\09\worlbirt.txt SFC 7/25/95 Deadly Differences in Prenatal Care / High birthrates, neglect lead to high death rates Ramon G. McLeod, Chronicle Staff Writer \doc\census\cabirt.wk1 - California birth rates show low Asian teen births \doc\95\07\pregbirt.wk1 - Birth statistics by Race "Study: 3 pregnancies for average woman" USA Today May 26, 1995 p. 3 Analysis by Arthur Hu National Center for Health Statistics Based on 1991 patterns of 10 women, there will be: Number white black Hispanic pregancies 28 51 47 births 18 26 30 abortions 6 19 10 miscarriages 4 6 7 Percent white black Hispanic pregancies 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% births 64.3% 51.0% 63.8% abortions 21.4% 37.3% 21.3% miscarriages 14.3% 11.8% 14.9% Index white black Hispanic pregancies 1.00 1.82 1.68 Blacks have highest number of pregancies Proportion of births 1.00 0.79 0.99 abortions 1.00 1.74 0.99 miscarriages 1.00 0.82 1.04 Blacks have highest proportion of abortions, lower proportion of live births No data on Asian American women. Birth Rates Computed From 1990 Census Divide 1-2 year old population by 2 and total pop Age Age Rate Official 1-2 Total per 1000Index rate White NonH 7225544 236160661 15.3 1.00 14.8 Black 1201061 29986060 20.0 1.31 22.6 Hispanic 1020415 22354054 22.8 1.49 Asian 256711 7273662 17.6 1.15 Native Am 85234 1959234 21.8 1.42 (Note that these numbers are very close to official statistics) No. 93. Births and Birth Rates (1993 Statistical Abstract of the United States CD-ROM) [Births in thousands and by race of child, except as indicated. Beginning 1970, excludes births to nonresidents of the United States. For population bases used to derive these data, see text, section 2, and Appendix III. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series B 1, B 5-10, B 12-20] --------------------------------------------------------------------- ITEM 1985 1986 1987 1988 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Live births \1 3,761 3,757 3,809 3,910 White 2,991 2,970 2,992 3,046 Black 608 621 642 672 Birth rate per 1,000 population 15.8 15.6 15.7 16.0 White 14.8 14.6 14.6 14.8 Black 21.3 21.5 21.9 22.6 \1 includes all races Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States, annual; Monthly Vital Statistics Report; and unpublished data. \priv\95\07\aborrate.txt women birth ONLY 5 IN 8 PREGNANCIES LEAD TO BIRTH San Jose Mercury News 5/26/95 asian.birth.teen asian.birth.unmarried @@birth sex ratio Peter Frostsays there is a relation ship between low sex ratios and polygyny in africa. Phil Rushton says that Asians are just the opposite relative to whites. East Asians have a sex ratio opposite (once again) to Europeans with more males, and not due to the Chinese one child policy because it is true in Japan and of east Asians in the USA. polygny = 1 man many women, polyandry = 1 woman many men, but rare, only in Tibet. @@sex selection Asians have a nasty reputation for preferring boys over girls, even using abortion or infanticide or abandonment in India, China, Korea, and various other nations. No reports of this so far in America (yet) \priv\96\20\babysex.doc Seattle Times June 7, 1996 China region bans tests to tell baby's sex (AP) To curb abortions of unwanted girls, Fujian province has banned ultrasound and other tests that tell expectant parents the sex of their unborn children. The tendency already has created an imbalance in the ratio of boys to girls in the population 115.4 to 100, far above the overall national ratio of 103 to 100 New Technique allows baby gender selection " ST Dec 14, 1995 The first baby born, a girl last summer @@smoking Asians and Hispanics have the lowest rate of pregnant smokers, partly due to the high percentage of older mothers and low percentage of teens. This may explain a large part of their favorable birth outcomes despite low incomes and high poverty rates among Hispanics and some Asian refugee groups. From a PC standpoint, these numbers aren't very helpful since Blacks have a lower rate as well, despite worse birth outcomes. Smoking while pregnant has been linked to delinquency, retardation, miscarriages, stillbirths, premature deliveries and low birth-weight. Racial Comparisons 1.00=White 2.00= 2 times better ------------------------- CDC US 93 Smoking Pregnant W1.00 B 1.32 H 3.36 A 3.91 MA92 Smoked during pregnancy: W1.00 B 1.51 H 1.79 A 3.8 Mass Dept Health Mexican Immigrants W1.00 H 16.00 [[Delinquent \clip\97\17\smokpreg.txt CNN Interactive Study: Smoking during pregnancy linked to childhood delinquency July 14, 1997 (CNN) -- "Women who smoke while pregnant are much more likely to give birth to boys who are diagnosed with what psychiatrists call "conduct disorder" or a severe form of delinquency, a study shows....Smoking during pregnancy already had been linked to other problems -- miscarriages, stillbirths, premature deliveries and low birth-weight babies" [[Age \doc\94\16\ceasbirth.wk1 Wash State Cesarean Births Smoking pregnant decreases with age: <20:38.2% 20-29:26.6% 30-34:16.2% >35:12.9% [[Hispanic \priv\95\06\mexdiet.txt \priv\95\02\mexheal.txt STUDY: MEXICO-BORN WOMEN HEALTHIER 1/27/95 By RICHARD COLE Associated Press SAN FRANCISCO -- Women in the United States would do well to learn from the diets of recent Mexican immigrants, according to a University of California study. Study by UC Berkeley professor Sylvia Guendelman was published Thursday in the American Journal of Public Health. Sixteen percent of non-Hispanic white women smoke heavily during pregnancy - compared with only 1 percent of immigrants born in Mexico. Despite conditions of often extreme poverty, babies born to recent Mexican immigrants are approximately as healthy as non-Hispanic whites, while black babies have 2 times more complications. [[Race USA - Health 1995 file: \doc\web\97\06\smokerac.xls summary: CDC US 93 Smoking Pregnant W1.00 B1.32 H3.36 A3.91 Races Ranked by Relative Smoking Rate, 1993 Race Rate index ------------------------------------------- Chinese 1.1 15.27 Central S American 2.3 7.30 Other Asian PacIs 3.2 5.25 Mexican American 3.7 4.54 Asian or Pacific Isla 4.3 3.91 Filipino 4.3 3.91 Hispanic origin 5.0 3.36 Cuban 5.0 3.36 Japanese 6.7 2.51 Other Hispanic 9.3 1.81 Puerto Rican 11.2 1.50 Black 12.7 1.32 Black, non-Hispanic 12.7 1.32 All races 15.8 1.06 White 16.8 1.00 Hawaiian 17.2 -1.02 White, non-Hispanic 18.6 -1.11 Am Indian or AlasNat 21.6 -1.29 Analysis by Arthur Hu \doc\94\17\massbirt.wk1 - Births in Massachusetts by Race Massachusetts 1992 Department of Public Health 1992 Advance Data: Births In Massachusetts, whites have the highest rate of smoking, Asians have the lowest. MA92 Smoked during pregnancy: W1.00 B-1.51 H-1.79 A-3.8 Mass Dept Health MA92 LoBW nonsmoker W1.0 B-2.55 H-1.48 A-1.44 Mass Dept Health [[Retardation \doc\96\03\smokretr.txt "Smoking Linked To Retarded Babies" Seattle Times April 10, 1996 p. A7 According to article in April Pediatrics magazine, pregnant women who smoke were 50% more likely to have retarded children. There was a 35% increase for those with just 5 cigarettes a week. It was 60% more if smoking was in last 6 months of pregnancy, and 1 pack per day was up 85% [[Welfare \doc\94\14\welfdrug.txt - half of welfare mothers are smokers @@Teen birth/ also see @@unmaried births Headlines always proclaim that blacks, and now Hispanics have the highest teen birth rates. But Asians are rarely listed with other races, when they are consistntly the least. In fact one UCLA student was quoted in Asian Week as saying data was nonexistent. However in every case when they are listed, Asians are generally the lowest nationally of any race and in most states such as CA and USA. Even with high proportions of disadvantaged Asians like Mass or Seattle public schools where Asians ARE worse than whites, they are not much worse. Even when they give births as teens, they are much more likely to be married. Asians are the most likely to give birth in 20s or 30s with married fathers, the best economic strategy to have successful families, which may explain the low rate of poor health and other social and educational problems. [[Age \priv\96\09\sinfath.txt - Most teen mothers are impregnated by older men [[beneficial Liberal columnist Alexander Cockburn and a few other social scientists like Joe Hotz say the we should not attack teen motherhood, and that it may be beneficial to some teen women (?!) Joeph Hotz says that teen mothers dont' have problems because of teen birth, mothers who gave birth did slightly better than those that had miscarriages. (of course that doesn't explain comparison with those that never got pregnant in the first place) "Teen-pregnancy myths debunked" Seattle Times 6/5/97 p. A12 F060797 UCLA researcher Joseph Hotz "there may be benefits to getting childbirth out of the way early, when earning potential is lowest, and then beginning an uninterrupted career" \clip\97\15\kidshav.txt http://www2.uchicago.edu/alumni/alumni.mag/9606/9606InvestigHotz.html The University of Chicago Magazine June 1996 Kids Having Kids Surprise: The U of C's Joe Hotz says many teenage moms-like these women receiving job counseling at Chicago-area Aunt Martha's Youth Services-later earn more than their peers. http://globe.uchicago.edu/docs/12.5.96Teen.html U Chicago News12/5/96 Teen motherhood doesn't increase welfare costs ""Over her early life (from age 17 to 34), a teen mother is no more likely to participate in government-sponsored public assistance programs than if she had delayed her childbearing until she was an adult,"" \doc\96\07\teensex.txt "Sermons about teen sex skirt the issue of poverty" Alexander Cockburn Seattle Times June 20, 1996 "there have been some interesting studies .. showing that for a poor black mom there are some sound reasons to have a baby early: a healthier body, a family support network still in place rather than exhausted or dead" "There's no 'good' time for poor women to have children, the alternative is take all of the other studies to their logical conclusion which is that poor women should not have children at all early or late" \doc\96\06\whatlib.txt "The Lost Children: What Liberals don't like to say" The New Republic Oct 21, 1996 p. 30 Jean Bethke Elshtain, review of "Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy by Kristin Luker. Several liberal schools of thought are that Teen pregnancy is not a problem but a positive adaptation to adverse circumstances. Alexander Cockburn suggests it is less risky than giving birth later in life. Luker suggests that data are "not unambiguous" and questions cause and effect. Luker considers discouraging teen mothers to not have babies to be undesirable. She concludes that teen motherhood does not cause poverty, poverty causes teen mother hood [but this does not apply to poor Asians] [[Asian Low "Births to girls of Asian descent always were minuscule" \clip\97\20\teenbirt.txt Culture Clash Equals a Tide of Teenage Births Los Angeles Times, Tuesday, September 2, 1997 By B. MEREDITH BURKE Stemming Mexican American teen births . . . will require educating parents to value rather than fear a life for their daughters that extends beyond the home, encouraging and rewarding girls to set goals that give a reason to forestall childbearing.' [[black Bureau of Census Statistical Brief for Congress Black Children in America:1993 CB/94-1 Sept 1994. For unmarried teens 15-17, fertility rate was B78 W8 or 10 times higher in 1970, by 1990 it Rwas B81 W20 or just 4 times higher. Black rates have stayed level over 20 years while whites have risen. [[California Asians are half as likely to give birth as teen, 1.4 to 5 times as likely to be married if teen mother. \priv\96\13\MAIDSKEW.HTM Thursday, May 2, 1996 · Page A16 San Francisco Chronicle Maiden Names Skew Birth Data U.S. counts babies of married moms as out of wedlock Ramon G. McLeod Bill is presented so that CA requires reporting of marital status of parents on birth certificates, instead of guessing based on maiden names. (note4) Adolescent Pregnancy and parenting in California Claire D. Brindis Dr. P.H. and Rita J. Jeremy PhD. Center for Population and Reproductive Health Policy Institute for Health Policy Studies University of California, San Francisco 94143 Sutter Publications P.O. Box 7690 SF CA 94120-7690 d:\doc\94\18\cabirth.wk1 - CA births by marial status and race 1988 Summary: Percent of births to teens W1.0(7.9%) B2.39(18.9%) H1.91(15.1%) A-1.8(4.4%) Oth-1.05 Teen births to married mothers 10-14 married W1.0 B-2.05 H1.43 A5.19 O-1.44 15-17 married W1.0 B-3.17 H1.04 A2.16 O-1.09 18-19 married W1.0 B-3.19 H-1.12 A1.39 O-1.10 [[Decline z56\clip\2002\06\teendecl.txt The Washington Times www.washtimes.com U.S. teens' birthrate lowest in 6 decades Cheryl Wetzstein THE WASHINGTON TIMES Published 6/7/2002 "All teen ethnic groups saw declines, with the largest among black teens" births per 1,000 age 15-19 w b h a n 2000 32.5 79.4 94.4 21.6 67.8 2001 30.2 73.1 92.4 20.6 65.7 15-19 Teen Birth Rate in 2001 W1.00 B-2.4 H-3.1 A 1.5 N-2.2 30-34 Older Birth Rate in 2001 W1.00 B-1.4 H1.2 A 1.2 N-1.4 HHS Report Shows Teen Birth Rate Falls to New Record Low in 2001 June 6, 2002 NCHS Press Office Births: Preliminary Data for 2001. NVSR Vol. 50, No. 10. 20 pp. (PHS) 2002-1120. National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 50,Number 10 June 6,2002 Births:Preliminary Data for 2001 by Joyce A.Martin,M.P.H.;Melissa M.Park,M.P.H.;and Paul D.Sutton,Ph.D.Division of Vital Statistics z56\clipim\2002\06\07\birth.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr50/nvsr50_10.pdf Table A.Total births and percent of births with selected demographic and health characteristics,by race and Hispanic origin of mother:United States,final 2000 and preliminary 2001 [Figures for 2001 are based on weighted data rounded to the nearest individual ] All races 1 White,total 2 Non-Hispanic White Black 2 Hispanic 3 Characteristic 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 Number Births ..............4,040,121 4,058,814 3,192,985 3,194,005 2,336,033 2,362,968 604,834 622,598 849,800 815,868 Percent Births to unmarried mothers ...33.4 33.2 27.6 27.1 22.5 22.1 68.3 68.5 42.4 42.7 Low birthweight 4 . ....7.6 7.6 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.6 12.9 13.0 6.5 6.4 Very low birthweight 5 ...1.43 1.43 1.15 1.14 1.16 1.13 3.02 3.06 1.13 1.14 Total cesarean delivery rate 6 .........24.4 22.9 24.2 22.8 24.5 23.1 25.8 24.3 23.5 22.1 Primary cesarean rate 7 ..16.9 16.1 16.7 15.9 17.2 16.4 18.2 17.3 15.2 14.5 VBAC rate 8 ..............16.5 20.6 16.4 20.4 16.9 21.1 16.8 20.5 14.8 18.5 Prenatal care beginning in first trimester .......83.4 83.2 85.2 85.0 88.5 88.5 74.5 74.3 75.7 74.4 Prenatal care beginning in third trimester or no care . ...3.8 3.9 3.2 3.3 2.3 2.3 6.6 6.7 5.9 6.3 1 Includes races other than white and black. 2 Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the birth certificate.Data for persons of Hispanic origin are included in the data for each race group according to the mother ’ s reported race;see Technical notes. 3 Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race;see Technical notes. 4 Birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 oz). 5 Birthweight of less than 1,500 grams (3 lb 4 oz). 6 Total births by cesarean as percent of all births. 7 Number of primary cesareans per 100 live births to women who have not had a previous cesarean. 8 Number of vaginal births after previous cesarean delivery per 100 live births to women with a previous cesarean delivery. Table B.Birth rates for women aged 15 –19 years,by age,race,and Hispanic origin:United States,final 1991 –2000 and preliminary 2001,and percent change in rates,1991 –2001 [Rates per 1,000 women in specified group ] Age and race and Hispanic Percent change origin of mother 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1991 –2001 [[Risk Teens are much more likely to have unintended pregnancies, more likely to divorce, and more likely to have had involuntary first sex. "Teen Pregnancy Findings" Seattle Times May 1, 1997 p.1 from 1995 National Survey of Family Growth [[Seattle UNUSUAL: ASIANS HAVE HIGHER TEEN PREGANCY IN SEATTLE (note3) \doc\96\03\kingpreg.txt "Teen pregnancy rates down in King County" Seattle Post Intelligencer May 3, 1996 p. 1. F050396 Rates of teen pregnancy by race, per1,000: rates W16.0 B65 H70 A18 N71.5 index W1.00 B-4.06 H-4.43 A-1.12 N-4.46 Comment - Seattle is one of few cities where Asians have equally high rates of teen pregnancy as whites, their math scores are also worse, where it is higher in most other cities, reflecting unusually well-educated white parents, and distressed Asians with a high percentage of poor refugees and pacific islanders. \doc\94\18\seateen.wk1 - seattle survey of drug use among students - data in report, but not in spreadsheet [[Massachusetts Chinese had the lowest rate, but Asians overall slightly higher than whites. \doc\96\03\massbir2.wk1 - Births in Massachusetts by Race Massachusetts 1992 Department of Public Health 1992 Advance Data: Births Birthweight and Prenatal Care and Teen Births by Ethnicity Ranked by Under 18 births Under 18Index Puerto Rican 13.7% 8.06 Hispanic 9.4% 5.53 Other SEA 9.2% 5.41 Other Black 7.5% 4.41 Black NH 6.8% 4.00 Other 6.8% 4.00 Cambodian 5.7% 3.35 Dominican 5.6% 3.29 Other Hispanic 3.4% 2.00 Central American 3.2% 1.88 State Total 2.9% 1.71 Hatian 2.8% 1.65 Asian 2.1% 1.24 White NH 1.7% 1.00 Unknown 1.6% -1.04 Other Asian 0.5% -3.40 Vietnamese 0.3% -5.67 Chinese 0.1% -16.73 \doc\94\18\mabirt01.wk1 - Mass births teen, low, cesarean sections and breast feeding Massachusetts Health Department 1992 births report Teen Birth Rank, Mass 1992 Chinese -17.12 Other Asian -3.38 Unknown -1.07 White nonHisp 1.00 Asian 1.23 Haitian 1.60 State Total 1.69 Vietnamese 1.70 Cent American 1.81 Other Hispanic 1.98 Dominican 3.21 Cambodian 3.28 Black non-Hisp 3.90 Other 3.91 Other Black 4.31 Other SE Asian 5.26 Hispanic 5.43 Puerto Rican 7.87 [[States tpgrstate.prn Teen Pregnancy by State Rank State Rate 1 D.C. 277 2 Calif 159 3 Nev 145 4 Hawaii 138 5 Ariz 133 6 N.M 129 7 Ga 127 8 Fla 127 9 Texas 123 10 Miss 122 11 NC 121 12 Del 121 13 \NY 120 14 Md 118 15 Ala 117 16 Ark 116 17 Ill 112 18 Tenn 112 19 Colo 111 20 SC 110 21 Alaska 109 22 La 109 23 Mich 1087 24 Wash 107 25 Va 101 26 Mo 100 27 Okla 100 28 Ore 99 29 Ky 99 30 NJ 97 31 Conn 96 32 RI 96 33 Ind 95 34 Ohio 93 35 Kan 90 36 Mass 87 37 W Va 85 38 Pa 84 39 Mont 81 40 Wyo 81 41 Idaho 77 42 S.D. 74 43 Wis. 73 44 Vt. 71 45 Neb. 71 46 Maine 70 47 Iowa 67 48 Utah 65 49 Minn 64 50 N.H. 62 51 N.D. 59 Average 112 Wash. D.C. is highest, and has highest proprortion of African Americans. However, Hawaii has highest percentage of Asian / Pacific Islanders and tanks number 4, Nevada at #3 is nearly all white Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy as cited in USA Today July 14, 1997 p. 3A Rate is pregnancies per 1,000 girls 15-19 years old for 1992 [[USA Asians overall about half the rate of teen pregnancy, but some Asian groups are much lower. Fewer kids are having kids-teen pregancies fell in the '90s Business Week 0mar 15, 1999 p. 22 Metropolitan Life Ins co Statistical Bulletin birth rates fell 15% 1991-97, black is lowest on record. US 53 / 1000 vs 4 Japan 29 UK. <7% of teen married, 71% white 95% black birth out of wedlock \clip\08\04\teenbirt.txt http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPlate/1998-02/13/110l-021398-idx.html Hispanic Teens Rank 1st in Birthrate Blacks No Longer Have Highest Incidence [But Asian lowest rate STILL unreported!] By Barbara Vobejda and Pamela Constable Washington Post Staff Writers Friday, February 13, 1998; Page A10 Hispanics also have higher out-of-wedlock birthrates than African Americans and have the lowest rates of high school and college graduation. American born hispanics have the highest rates. The percentage of Hispanic teenagers who give birth has surpassed that of African American teenagers for the first time, with both groups more than twice as likely as whites to become mothers before they turn 20, the federal government reported yesterday. Births per 1,000 girls Change, 1989-95 age 15-19 Group Index Rate Change Cuban 1.34 29 -16 White 1.00 39 - 2 Total -1.46 57 - 7% Puerto Rican -2.28 89 -21 Black -2.53 99 -11 All Hispanic -2.74 107 6 Mexican -3.20 125 32 SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics \clip\96\06\birthrat.txt Birth Rate For Unwed Women Falls By Judith Havemann Washington Post Staff Writer Saturday, October 5 1996; Page A01 The Washington Post The birth rate for unmarried women dropped for the first time in nearly 20 years, F100796-3 "Births among unwed mothers, teens dropping " Steven A Holmes (New York Time) Journal American Oct 5, 1996 p. 1 (chart) % of births to unmarried women 1980 1994 Index Black 56.1 69.5 2.74 All 18.4 32.0 white 11.2 25.3 1.00 Birth rate per thousand for teens 15-19 yrs US 1980 1994 Black 97.8 95.5 1.89 All 53.0 56.9 White 45.5 50.3 1.00 \clip\96\06\birthrat.txt Birth Rate For Unwed Women Falls By Judith Havemann Washington Post Staff Writer Saturday, October 5 1996; Page A01 The Washington Post (note2) "Unwed Moms" US News June 19,1995 - Unwed birthrates H95.3 B86.5 W35.2 per 1,000. No mention of Asian women who have the lowest rates of any race Index W1.0 B2.45 H2.70 \priv\95\07\immoth.doc - Asian immigrant mothers from India and Korea have the lowest rates of unwed and teen pregnancy. Summary: Only 2 percent of births to Koreans and Indians were to teens, compared to 12 perect for all US in 1992, the National Center for Health Statistics said today. (1/6) Only 8 per cent of the Indian babies and about 4 percent of Korean babies were born to unmarried women, compared with 30 percent of all babies born in this country. (1/4 to 1/8) International Examiner (Seattle) May 17, 1995 "Unmarried, teen-age Asian immigrants; less likely to have babies" (note1) \doc\95\02\umarr.wk1 - Unmarried mothers by race, US 1990 Summary - Blacks and Native Americans are highest, Whites are about average, Asians overall half, Chinese one-quarter white rate Unmarried Mothers Ranked by Race, 1990 70-90 90 1970 1990 Increase Index Chinese 3.0 5.0 1.7 -4.08 Japanese 4.6 9.6 2.1 -2.13 Asian/PI $ 13.2 -1.55 Other API 14.9 -1.37 Filipino 9.1 15.9 1.7 -1.28 White 5.5 20.4 3.7 1.00 All 10.7 28.0 2.6 1.37 Hisp 36.7 1.80 AmInd/AN 22.4 53.6 2.4 2.63 Black 37.5 66.5 1.8 3.26 Hispanic is for selected states Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics Based on table in Asian Week Feb 24, 1995 "Unwed Mothers Give 1 of Every 8 Asian Pacific American Live Births", Patrick Anderson \doc\95\02\cens301.txt In 1970, unmarried African American teens were 10 times more likely to have had babies than White unmarried teens (78 per thousand versus 8 per thousand). By 1990, they were just four times more likely to have children (81 per thousand versus 20 per thousand). \doc\95\09\ateenbir.txt Percent Japanese Am who gave birth in 1990: 2.9 Chinese 1.2 Filipino 6.1 Other Asian American 6.3 Percent of Korean American teens in LA survey who knew another Korean American teen who got pregnant 90% A Magazine 1994 \doc\94\18\asbirth.wk1 - Unwed and Teen births for Asians and other races (note5) Fertility of American women: June 1992 P20-470, US Census Bureau % of children born out of wedlock W1.0(15%) B3.7 H2.2 A-2.1 Unmarried mother's total increasing Seattle Times Dec 30, 1991 A2 % of children born to unmarried W1.0(21.6%) B3.3 H1.7 A-1.4 (note6) Fertility of American Women: June 1990 P-20-454 by Amara Bachu, US Census Bureau Rank by teen birth rate Rank by 30-34 birth rate Black 2.22 Asian 1.30 Hispanic 1.97 Hispanic 1.20 AmIndian 1.60 White 1.00 All 1.18 All -1.01 White 1.00 Black -1.19 Asian -1.92 AmIndian -1.33 d:\doc\doc934\teenbirt.xls - lowest teen birth rate in CA doc934:teenbirth.xls "Teen Moms" Dan Walters San Jose Mercury June 25, 1993 p. 13B Births in California White Black Hispanic Asian Live births 39.8 94.9 94.5 30.7 per 1000 15-19 Index W1.0 B2.4 H2.4 A-1.3 University of California at San Francisco Study doc934:filpro.txt - high filipino teen birth rates (?) doc933:HMONGMA XLS hmong teen mothers doc934:asteenp.txt - it's not OK for Asian teens to be pregnant doc935:worldfat.txt - black families without fathers doc938:unmabirt.txt/doc - G. Will Asians have low SF birth rate (note7) doc940:singbirt.xls - single, teen birth rate in US from 1993 Statistical Abstract teen W1.00 B2.12 H1.53 A-1.96 unmarried W1.00 B4.14 H2.03 A-1.44 Race Index Race and Prenatal care Hisp Origi Teen Mother Unmarried First Trimest Third or none percent percent 1985 1990 1985 1990 1985 1990 1985 1990 total 1.19 1.17 1.52 1.57 -1.04 -1.05 1.21 1.22 White 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Black 2.13 2.12 4.14 3.95 -1.28 -1.28 2.13 2.22 AmIndian 1.77 1.79 2.81 3.17 -1.32 -1.34 2.45 2.63 Asian/PI -1.96 -1.91 -1.44 #N/A -1.06 #N/A 1.30 #N/A Filipino -1.86 -1.79 -1.20 -1.06 -1.03 -1.01 -1.02 -1.09 Chinese -9.82 -9.08 -3.92 -3.38 1.04 1.05 -1.12 -1.44 Japanese -3.72 -3.76 -1.84 -1.76 1.08 1.12 -1.81 -1.69 Hawaiian 1.47 1.69 #N/A 2.66 #N/A -1.18 #N/A 1.78 Hispanic 1.53 1.54 2.03 2.17 -1.30 -1.29 2.66 2.45 Mexican 1.62 1.62 1.77 1.97 -1.33 -1.34 2.74 2.69 PuertoR 1.94 1.99 3.52 3.31 -1.36 -1.22 3.30 2.16 Cuban -1.52 -1.42 1.11 1.08 1.04 1.09 -1.27 -1.75 C/S Am -1.32 -1.21 2.41 2.44 -1.31 -1.26 2.66 2.22 \doc\94\16\cesbirth.wk1 Asian lowest teen for cesarean births Wash State highest adult rate Under 20 W1.0(.87) B2.37 H2.08 A-1.34 30-34 W1.0(1.0) B-2.22 H-2.95 A1.60 \doc\94\17\unwedbir.wk1 - Asians lowest unwed births USA Today 7/14/93 "Many women in 30's won't have kids" Census report says W15% B56% H33% A7% W1.0 B3.73 H2.20 A-2.14 [[high / unknown rate of Asian teen births. THERE IS NO DATA ON ASIAN BIRTHRATE (TABOO TO SAY IT'S BETTER) AW 10-4-91/16 "there is virtually no information regarding this matter" Wendy A. Yan, UCLA junior [that's false, this index is proof that there's lots of data, and all of it points to extremely low rates of teen and unwed births among Asians and very high rates of births among women 25-35 and the married. It is politically unacceptable that Asians do better than whites.] [[low doc934:birthrat.txt birth rate by ethnicity doc\94\18\asbirth.wk1 Fertility of American women: June 1992 P20-470, US Census Bureau % of children born out of wedlock W1.0(15%) B3.7 H2.2 A-2.1 Unmarried mother's total increasing Seattle Times Dec 30, 1991 A2 % of children born to unmarried W1.0(21.6%) B3.3 H1.7 A-1.4 mothers who are unmarried B3.3 H1.7 A-1.4 c birth rate 15-19 B2.2 H2.0 A-1.9 NA 1.6 birth rate 35-39 B-1.1 H1.4 A1.6 doc934:teenbirt.xls teen pregancies - Asian lowest teen preg rate asians have lowest teen pregancy rate (6%) doc\94\6\seaspov2.txt UCLA study on Asian success and poverty [[risks \doc\96\06\whatlib.txt "The Lost Children: What Liberals don't like to say" The New Republic Oct 21, 1996 p. 30 Jean Bethke Elshtain, review of "Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy by Kristin Luker. Teen motherhood has multiple negative social effects. [Since Asians have the lowest rate of teen pregnancy, this carries over into why they have such a low rate of infant mortality, low dropout rate, and high academic achievement and intact families.] Babies of teenage mothers - less likely to flourish - more likely to be low-birthweight or premature - less likely to have had prenatal care - more likely to be born into poverty - less safe than stable two-parent births - more likely to have health problems - more likely to have behavioral problems - more likely to be neglected or abused by mothers - more likely to drop out or be teen moms - more likely to be involved with criminality - homes of single teen mothers have double the rate of reported abuse of single mother households in general - children of single teen mothers 40% more likely to drop out - 70% of incarcerated men were born to teen mothers according to National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregancy. - $7 billion direct taxpayer cost of teen childbearing - $21 billion annual total social costs - 90% of black teen births are unwed - Blacks are only 15% of teen population but 1/3 of teen births. Robin Hood Foundation study "Kids Having Kids" found adolescent child bearing: - lower likelyhood of completing high school by 50% - increases likelyhood of more children by 24% - increase time spent as single parent during 1st 13 years of parenthood by 57% [[world Japan is the lowest rate in the world, only Asian nation on the list No. 1380. Births to Unmarried Women, Selected Countries from 1993 statistical abstract CD-ROM bureau of census ------------------------------------------------------------ 1989 1990 COUNTRY ------------------- ------------------- Total Percent Total Percent live born to live born to births unmarried births unmarried (1,000) women (1,000) women ------------------------------------------------------------ Sweden 116 52 124 47 Denmark 61 46 63 46 France 766 28 762 30 United Kingdom 777 27 799 28 United States 4,041 27 4,179 28 Canada \1 385 23 3,979 24 Germany \2 682 10 727 11 Netherlands 189 11 198 11 Italy 556 6 581 6 Japan 1,269 1 1,240 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ \1 Beginning 1980, excludes Newfoundland. \2 Formerly West Germany (prior to unification). Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, @@teen birth programs \doc\95\15\anothome.txt "Another Home, Another Chance" Economist Sept 9, 1995 p. 32 Teen mothers placed in structured homes have a very high 95% graduation rate, and a very low pregnancy rate. 33% of such mothers have been abused as children, 71% dependent on alchohol, 65% did not graduate high school. @@Timing \clip\99\07\birttime.txt February 24, 1999 Study: Two-year wait for conception best for second baby BOSTON (Reuters) - An interval of nearly two years between the birth of one child and the conception of another is optimal for the health of the later baby, researchers reported in Thursday's New England Journal of Medicine. @@Unmarried [[Japan JAPAN IS 50 TIMES LOWER IN TEEN PREGNANCIES THAN US From: dchiang@juno.com According to the New York Times, out of a population of 130 million people in Japan, there were only 35,000 teenage pregnancies (ie. 1995). By contrast, a record 1 million American teenage girls became pregnant last year out of a population of 260 million people. On a per capita basis, American teenagers are becoming pregnant at a rate 50 times higher than Japanese teenagers. [[united states MOST ASIANS HAVE THE LOWEST RATES OF UNMARRIED BIRTHS \doc\96\09\nmbirth.wk1 Births to Never Married Young Women US Children Ever Born April 1990 US Census CP4-1-194 September 1996 Women 15-24 Native Born, Never Married Group Births per Index White=1.00 1000 Black 429 -5.96 Eskimo 428 -5.94 Hmong 373 -5.18 AmIndian 310 -4.31 OtherRace 253 -3.51 Hawaiin 231 -3.21 Guamanian 141 -1.96 Total 140 -1.94 Laotian 139 -1.93 Samoan 139 -1.93 Cambodian 95 -1.32 OtherAsian 77 -1.07 White 72 1.00 Vietnamese 63 1.14 Filipino 61 1.18 OtherPI 46 1.57 Thai 41 1.76 Japanese 32 2.25 Korean 28 2.57 Chinese 16 4.50 AsIndian 14 5.14 Japan National 50.00 (NY times) Wed, 27 Aug 1997 From: Big Don After very much searching far and wide, I did come up with something finally. Here is a "hard data" reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics Vol. 44 No. 11 Supplement, June 24, 1996 "...(talking about 1994 U.S. births)...Births to unmarried women comprised 25 percent of births to white women, 70 percent of births to black women, and 43 percent of Hispanic-origin births. Proportions for Asian or Pacific Islander women were generally lower, averaging 16 percent." @@world c:\priv\96b\07\mexbirt.txt Mexican birth rate declines AP 7/11/96