When it comes to Blacks, there are two camps. One is that Blacks score less well because of intelligence. The other is that there is no such thing as intelligence, and that there are no valid comparisons to determine things like thinking skills. Most reputable sources deny that blacks are unequal in ability, but they don't back this up with tests that show equal outcomes between races
This is because there are no general tests of intelligence that show a general population of blacks scoring equal to or better than a general white population (though it is not hard to find groups of blacks that score average in schools, or even outstanding in some places). Many say that it's only a matter of inferior schools, less education, less income, or less spending, but every data point shows lower test scores even with equal income, even in districts with the best scores, even in upscale black suburbs like Prince George County, even with more educated parents, even with obscene spending in places like Kansas City. Income only accounts for a fraction of the difference in IQ.
The nearly universal assumption that intelligence is not different are based on the central claim that all IQ tests are invalid. There are no IQ tests that show the races to be the same, though there have been few that score uneducated criminals higher than college educated police officers in "street" IQ. This is the classic "all of the evidence to the contrary is wrong, even if there is no evidence to support my contention, therefore you cannot disprove the zero hypothesis of equality". However, high Asian scores are inconsistent with racist bias, since that would imply the Asian advantage is based on unfair discrimination against whites.
When they come ahead, Asians come up 5 to 10 points higher than average, or about 1/3 to 1/2 as far ahead of whites as whites are ahead of blacks. Asians as a group aren't as high as Jews, but Chinese and Indians broken out separately do nearly as well on SAT tests. Asians fall behind in culturally based measures such as english skills or "document literacy", but are uniformly better in math tests except when matching unusually poor Asians with exceptionally affluent whites, such as in Seattle.
Other interesting points
- Critics like Stephan Jay Gould say that races are inherently equal since evolutionarly and genetic, we're about the same. But even if that's so culture is enormously different, and IQ might be the result of culture even if our brains are wired exactly the same. Other critics say that race is abitrary, how can you talk about the IQ of hispanics when we can't even agree on what a Hispanic is? But if race didn't matter we wouldn't have affirmative action which often gives people points or puts people into competely different pools strictly on the basis of their surnames or the color of their skin. Ironically, its the people opposed to IQ who are most concious of race, and advocates of race as a selection factor, since most IQ advocates are in favor of color-blind selection.
- Some tests are part of the problem. "Higher Order Thinking" high stakes tests favored by education reformers such as CLAS, WASL and SOL MCAS really slam minorities even when they're fairly close on conventional multiple choice tests like CTBS
- While most people are arguing whether Asians are better than whites or just equal, sometimes they score worse. In Sanda Scarr's study of adopted children, adopted whites had the highest IQs, adopted blacks were still 10 points above average, but adopted Asians were only average. Asians score worse in both math and verbals in cities like Seattle and Washington DC where the whites are way above and Asians are way below the national per-capita income and education. Asians score worse on medical review board despite higher grades and MCAT scores. Asians score slightly worse on law tests. On the national literacy tests which tests tasks like figuring out how to order and pay for a delivered 2-for-1 pizza and 2 liter coke with two-toppings and extra cheese with sales tax, with the attached coupon, Asians scored as poorly as Blacks, which may explain why Asians have such a tough time getting around even though they're supposed to be IQ smart.
Asians taking the military IQ test washed out at double the rate of blacks at a study of Boston recruits in WWII (though largely due to inability in english it is thought). Most studies of Asian IQs are of children, who are equally educated as their peers, or adults in urban Asian cities, who are also well educated. However, from 30% to nearly all Asian adults in some Chinatowns, refugee groups and in rural Asia have almost no formal education at all. I haven't seen any IQ studies which include these people. I would imagine that they would score much more poorly than Blacks, who are on average high school graduates with some college, since many IQ questions concern vocabulary geometry, algebra, and science.
- On the other hand, I'm of the opinion that Asian Americans are really better at both math and verbal, once you take a representative sample of the entire population, and give them at some formal education. Asians score worse at SAT, but might be as good or better since Asians nearly twice as likely to take the test. Asians are clearly taking over not only the MIT's but Stanfords and Harvard's as well. Among Asians, the Chinese are twice as overrepresented as Asians at places like Berkeley and MIT, and SAT religion breakdown show that Hindu Asians, mostly Indian score higher than almost any other groups. Harold Stevenson did one of the only studies which claims no IQ differences, but he was matching for income and social status, which in real life isn't matched, and Minneapolis is a city where Whites are above but Asians are below the national average in incomes.
- CLAS shows Asians better than whites at verbal AND math statewide, but worse at verbal in cities where Asians worse and whites better than average. SAT scores for Asians in verbal are also better for Asians where English is the first language. Though Asians are relatively better at math than verbals, it appears to be incorrect that Asian are inherently weaker overall than whites in verbals when first language is taken into account, or even in the total population if the CLAS is right. Most Asians will tell you it's our parents beat education into their kids, and we dutifully study our little brains out.
Still it's spooky that the NEAP and its international counterpart show that Asians in America score just as well as Asians in Korea and Taiwan, and the SAT shows that english-first Asians, who are born in America score just as well in math as immigrant Asians. That tends to destroy the theory that Asian language which breaks down "eleven" into ten plus one is the key, or that Asian schools or school years are better, since test scores show Asians often excel in the same urban war zones like Boston or San Francisco where so many Blacks and Hispanics fail.
Harold Stevenson just completed another study where he claims that if you account for habits like time spent studying vs. watching TV and dating, Asians in Taiwan were no better than Asian in America, and if you threw in basic values like enthusiasm for math and studying, they weren't any better than the Whites either. If he's right, then the advantage is merely cultural, but as long as Asians are culturally different, they're still going to keep their advantage.
That's why I believe that even if some groups were lower in potential ability as some say, they'd still have a mile to improve by merely studying as hard and adopting the same values as the Asians, which most studies show they currently don't. They might even beat the Whites since Asians commonly believe a stupid person who works hard can beat a smart person who is lazy.
Thomas Sowell notes IQ differences between ethnic groups in the same race, and places the blame on cultural inferiority. He advocates assimilation and openness to change rather than cultural "protectionism" and chauvenism.
I say we can't judge the issue of genetic ability until every group has the same opportunities, and adopts the same cultural norms.
- IQs based largely on reasoning, visual, abstract and vocabulary. Catch-22 - people with higher IQs get higher education, acquire more words, but people with higher IQs come from groups with more exposure and education. IQs were developed to measure innate smartness, and some specialize on "g" which focuses on tasks which require the most mental processing, but there's no way to prove that's what they actually measure, and nobody thinks that anymore.
- Some critics of the book have used Thomas Sowell's newest book "Race and Culture" which notes that there is a 15 point difference in IQ between the Catholics and Protestants in Ireland, and across various cultures worldwide. I've gotten SAT breakdown not commonly published which show that southern and rural persons score lower than urban and northern within races, liberal christians and the non-religious score higher than fundamentalist christians. Even Murray's book states that Africans from Africa score at levels that would place them as "retarded" in the US (he says they're not actually retarded, just really bad at IQ tests) , while African Americans are at least within spitting distance of whites in the US.
- Shuey shows some tests were blacks are close, or above 100
- overall view is that Shuey believes there are innate differences, but book is full of studies that show some environment and interventions work, some IQ tests are narrow skills tests that can be trained.
- CLAS shows that urban cities have whites > avg, asians < avg, black + hisp equal to average, blacks do worse no matter how rich the school dist, and Asians do well, no matter how bad the school dist. Blacks in the best school dist equal to white state avg, Asians in the worst are close to other minorities, despite national studies of refugees which show that even poor refugees do well on grades.
- The higher the test, the bigger the spread.
- Literacy is now complete between whites and blacks (both above 97% as measured by 1970 census) which isn't the case for Hispanics or Asians with high % with no elementary let alone hs grad.
- Depending on which numbers, hs grad rate for blacks is equal to whites. If you compare black hs grad rates, the gap gained 10 years with every 10 year census. It reachd equality in 1990.
- 2 year college rates are comparable, but 4 degree behind.
- SAT scores getting better, equality in < 25 years
- Urban blacks in SF and Boston score at 40, which is 95IQ, or very close to average whites, even though C/D average grade and worst in Bay area. Some grades in NYC blacks equal to national average
- Making tests easier don't help because high IQ people do even better. CLAS multiple choice to written answer actually widens the gap. Claims that tests test only rote, not higher reasoning don't note that low IQ people do even worse at higher reasoning than note memory.
- Blows up racist notion that all blacks have low IQS, or that race alone should be a disqualification
- Whites believe success is inherited genetically. They rely on individualism, or discrimination to keep in power. Asians believe it comes from effort, and believe in working hard even if it only gets you half as far. While it hasn't been documented, if the civil rights rhetoric is to be a measure, it would appear that blacks believe that success and failure comes primarily from racial discrimination rather than genetic inferiority or lack of effort. Their emphasis is on getting preferential treatment, equal access to the resources of the rich, and enacting laws. - Put it this way - Whites believe they can get into Berkeley if they are rich and powerful enough. Asians believe all their kids can get in if they study hard enough. Blacks believe their kids can get in because they deserve affirmative action.
- According to civil rights theory, all inequity arises out of discrimination. But the facts are more like discrimination arises out of inequities that were there first. The facts of IQ show that if IQ isn't equally distributed, even some black thinkers have noted that even with equal color-blind treatment, blacks would still be behind as long as they started out with less capital and education if not less IQ. Indeed, this is the justification given for racial preferences as some California cities continue to give preference for Blacks even when they are not under-represented in some fire and police departments.
- Should (but won't) blow up notion that all races are equally qualified. Almost all affirmative action programs and politicians dedicated to a definition of diversity that "reflects" the population, when a colorblind selection by test score shows only a tiny percentage of those with top IQs and test scores are black when IQs and test scores are the single most important criterion in fields like engineering and medicine. This is the point that most of the press isn't seeing.
- The Asian advantage shows the problems with the civil rights philosiphy which at best raises your minority group to average. Even with unspoken quotas at Berkeley and some other colleges like the University of Washington Law School which held Blacks and Hispanics to the politically determined parity with population, the Asians are still the best represented with the best test scores, even as European Americans are now the most underrepresented minority on many elite campuses today. Asians pose the biggest threat to equality because radical racial caps, such as those being imposed on the Chinese San Francisco's elite Lowell high school, and were once imposed on Jews earlier in the century are the only way to enforce equality when one groups simply tries harder or performs better even without any discrimination.
- MIT / Berkeley undergrade have to admit in lowest 8-10% to get 7-10% black
- Blacks have higher income for given IQ which means that if the dollar is the true measure of societal worth, it discriminates less than IQ, and blacks must have other skills and talents to compensate for their higher incomes. It also implies that if black IQ ever becomes equal to whites, their incomes would be much higher if they keep their cultural advantages, while disposing of their disadvantages. In contrast, Asians have much higher IQs for a given income. Asians, male or female are paid less than whites for a given level of education, and the gap is comparable to blacks, about 10% for men, while black women now earn slightly more than white women. It's not uncommon to find cities like Redmond Washington, parts of San Jose California, and even parts of New York city where blacks earn the same or more than Whites.
What _is_ open to question is whether the tests measure innate,
unchangeable abilities. As this chart shows, there are groups with
average or better performance out there. However there is no evidence
that any conventional race-based intervention in education results in
equal performance.
Only programs based on rigorous academics, such as Barclay and
similar charter or magnet schools and not race, such as conventional
desegregation, busing students to expensive surburbs or affirmative
action in hiring and multiculturalism in curriculum have been shown
to result in superior performance.
Vincent Sarich notes that brain
size difference is much less than 1 SD, believes brain size explains
only a small part of the race IQ difference.
Rushton 8 studies
linking brain size and iq.
STUDIES SHOW BRAIN POWER NOT ALWAYS RELATED TO SIZE
\doc\web\99\06\brainsiz.txt
RUSHTON REVIEWS JENSEN'S G FACTOR \doc\web\99\05\rushjens.txt This
review of The g Factor just appeared in Politics and the Life
Sciences, 1998, 17, 230-232 East Asians and their descendants average
about 17 cm3 (1 in3) larger brain volumes than do Europeans and their
descendants, whose brains average about 80 cm3 (5 in3) larger than do
those of Africans and their descendants. Jensen calculated an
"ecological" correlation (widely used in epidemiological studies) of
+0.99 between median IQ and mean cranial capacity across the three
populations of "Mongoloids," "Caucasoids," and "Negroids."
\clip\99\06\brain.txt Brain of `last wild man in America' found after
80 years at Smithsonian LOS ANGELES (February 20, 1999 8:28 a.m. EST
http://www.nandotimes.com) "It was not uncommon to study brains in
the early 20th century," Starn said. "Some people thought that
different races had different brain sizes." Louis Andrews notes
people like Rushton are still studying brain sizes and yes, they do
have different sizes.
BRAIN SIZE PREDICTIVE OF IQ AT BIRTH, CORRELATES WITH # NEURONS
\clip\99\04\gould.htm
http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/jpr_gould_paid.html
Special Review
Race, Intelligence, and the Brain: The Errors and Omissions of the
Revised Edition of S. J. Gould's The Mismeasure of Man (1996)
Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 23, No. 1 (July 1997), pp. 169-
180
J. Philippe Rushton
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A
5C2, Canada
The brain-size/IQ correlation is predictive from birth. The National
Collaborative Perinatal Study analyzed data from 17,000 White babies
and 19,000 Black babies followed from birth to 7 years (Broman et
al., 1987). Head perimeters were measured at birth for all children.
At age 7, head perimeters were remeasured and IQ assessed. For both
the Black and the White children, head perimeter measured at birth
significantly predicted head perimeter at 7 years, and head perimeter
at both ages predicted IQ!
Haug (1987, p.135) found a correlation of 0.479 (N = 81, P<0.001)
between number of cortical neurons and brain size in humans. ... a
person with a brain size of 1,400 cm3 has, on average, 600 million
fewer cortical neurons than an individual with a brain size of 1,500
cm3.
Consider the pattern of decreasing mean brain size going from East
Asians to Europeans to Africans shown in Rushton's (1989a) reanalysis
of Gould's retabulation of Morton's data. This pattern has been
corroborated since 1980 by three different techniques: wet brain
weight at autopsy, volume of empty skulls using filler, and volume
estimated from external head sizes. Recently, a fourth technique,
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), has confirmed the White/Black
difference.
The brains of Orientals and their descendants average about 17 cm3 (1
in3) larger than those of Europeans and their descendants whose
brains average about 80 cm3 (5 in3) larger than those of Africans and
their descendants.
Head size Asian Euro African
Beals 1984 1,415 1,362 1,268
US Army 1,416 1,380 1,359
International Labour Office 1,308 1,297 1,241
An absolute difference in brain size between men and women has not
been disputed since at least the time of Broca (1861). He assembled a
series of 292 male brains and found an average weight of 1,325
while 140 female brains averaged 1,144 grams, a difference of 181
grams.
(US Army) men averaged 1,442 cm3 and women 1,332 cm3. But women have
the same intelligence as men overall.
Galton's data were analyzed by Johnson et al. (1985), who found that
the professional and semiprofessional groups averaged significantly
larger head sizes (both length and width) than did unskilled groups.
RUSHTON DOCUMENTS DIFFERENCES IN
BRAIN SIZE, COGNITIVE ABILITY AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY ASSOCIATION
CLAIMS ALL RACE DIFFERENCES ARE SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED
Rushton writes that Asians are
about 1 cubic inch larger in brains than Caucasoids, about 3 more
than Negroids. Was rebuttal to Gould article.
Arthur Hu's "IQ Spectrum"
Note that blacks are, as a group, generally below whites, but it is
not difficult to find groups who score 100 average or far above under
ideal conditions. Those who say that tests are invalid are implying
that performance is equal when every test devised by man shows
differences in skills such as vocabulary, abstract reasoning, and
mathematics.
Age Years
---------------------------------------------------
6 months - infant recognize name and verb
2-4 years - adult chimpanzee or gorilla
15 yrs - average white adult
IQ SPECTRUM Summary:
* DO NOT USE TO ATTACK PEOPLE * * DO NOT USE TO ATTACK PEOPLE *
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Borderline retarded 70-75 (2)IQ Seligman p.151
Black delinquents 74 Shuey p. 498
Africans (Africa) 75 Lynn as cited by Murray p. 288
Muhammad Ali IQ test 78 Steve Sailer early in career
Dull-Normal 80-90 IQ Textbook by Wechsler
Southern Black children 80.5 Shuey
White delinquents 81 Shuey p. 498
Black felons 81 Shuey p. 498
India 81 Lynn IQ and the Wealth
Black SAT 1995 Math 85
Black US average 85 (3)IQ Seligman p.149
Colored (Africa) 85 Lynn as cited by Murray p. 288
Koko the Gorilla 85-95 (1)IQ Seattle Pacific magazine
Koko the Gorilla 70-95
Border Black children 87 Shuey
Northern Black children 87.6 Shuey
Black G12 NAEP math 89 (7)
Black 6-17 DAS 89.2 DAS (10)
World Average 90 IQ and the Wealth of Nations Lynn/Vanhanen
Average Intelligence 90-109 IQ Textbook by Wechsler
Black US northern average 90 (4)IQ Jensen
Urban North Black 91.1 Shuey
Black 2-3 DAS 91.5 DAS (10)
Hisp G12 NAEP math 92 (7)
White felons 92 Shey p. 498
White Chronic Welfare 92 Murray
Overall criminals 92 Murray
Black Calf Math CLAS 92 A.Hu estimate (6)
Hispanic 6-17 DAS 93.9 (10) DAS
Koko the Gorilla, high end 95 Claims by her trainer
Malays 96 Lynn 1977 (Seligman)
Black Calf Reading CLAS 96 A.Hu estimate (6)
White unwed, but not welf 98 Murray
China 100 Lynn IQ and the Wealth
Mixed child of black sold 100 Murray p. 310 (5)
Black children Boston, NYC100 See note
Adopted Asian Children 100 Sandra Scarr
British 100 Lynn 1977 (Seligman)
Mainland China 101 Lynn (Seligman)
White CLAS reading, math 100 A.Hu set by definition (6)
Flynn's Asian studies 100
Asian G8 Calf CLAS Math 102 A.Hu (7)
White G12 NAEP math 102 (7)
British Children 102 IQ Lynn & Song 1994
malnourished Ad.Korean 102 (2)Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975
White 6-17 DAS 102.65 (10)
Asian Average 103-4 Murray
Police Office Teller Sales104 NandoTimes 9/99 Officer IQ too high
Korean national est. 105 IQ Lynn & Song 1994
moderately nour Ad.Korean 106 (2)Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975
Chinese Hong Kong 106 IQ Chan & Lynn 1989
Chinese Hong Kong 106.7 Lynn 1982 (Seligman)
vs. American students 100 Cattell's culture Fair Test
Japanese 9 yr olds 107 IQ Shigehisa & Lynn 1991
Asian 6-17 DAS 107.2 DAS 1986
Asian 6-17 DAS Reasoning 108.8 DAS 1986
Korean sample 108.5 IQ Lynn & song 1994
Asian G12 NAEP math 109 (7)
Korean children in Korea 109 IQ Lynn & Song 1994
Chinese Hong Kong 109.8 Lynn 1982 (Seligman)
vs. British 100 Raven's matrices
Bright-Normal 110-119 IQ Textbook Wechseler
Koreans ad. Belgians@10 110 Frydman & Lynn 1989
Adopted Black children 110 Sandra Scarr
Chinese 110 Lynn 1977 (Seligman)
well nourished Ad.Korean 112 (2)Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975
Jewish boys 112.8 verbal Ann Arbor Institute (Seligman)
Orthodox Jewish children applying to Hebrew schools in 1950's
114.9 Miles B. Storfer
Other Storfer jews 110-115 Miles B. Storfer
Jews 115 Review of Bell Curve
Gays/Lesbian 115 See note (3), set equal to Jews
Black math 116 Barclay school Baltimore MD.
Black UC Berkeley 115 A.Hu top 15% UC definition
Adopted White children 120 Sandra Scarr
Black MIT 120 A.Hu based on SAT 1985
White UC Berkeley 124 A.Hu top 5% top 1/3 of UC
Rejected police office 124 NandoTimes 9/99 IQ too high vs 104
GW Bush estimate 126
Superior 120-129 IQ Text Wechsleler
Very Superior 130 above
Al Gore est. 134
White/Asian MIT 138 (top 0.5% of population)
Gen Norman Schwarzkopf 170
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
All figures subject to accuracy and belief in validity and meaning
of test scores.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
American men = Asian women at visiospatial tasks (math) (Lynn / Seligman)
Notes:
(1) For those based on SAT scores, conversions were made from SAT
scores to an estimate of the US population based on percentile to IQ
conversion.
(2) Koreans adopted by Americans, Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975
(3) No published figures, but gays vote at same rate as Jews
(nearly total), and have 50% college 4-yr degree rate, therefore
likely to be comparable to Jews and best Asians in opinion of A.Hu
(4) Blacks in New York and Boston are equal to grade level in some
grades, equal to 100 IQ by definition. Some schools that are
mostly black in Chicago also perform at the 50th percentile.
(5) Study of children of mixed parents of European and Black
soldiers found no difference
(6) A.Hu Converted 1995 CLAS distribution to IQ with white=100
(7) National Assessment of Educational Progress given to national
cross-section of students, 1990
(8) "A better idea" The Economist Dec 2, 1995 p. 23 Barclay public
school in Baltimore Md. emulates a tough private school to achieve 85
percentile math scores with 90% black students, 82% free lunch who
previously were scoring 20-30 percentile. Superintendent was fired
who had opposed "rich black man's curriculum" inappropriate for poor
students.
(9) Flynn looked at studies that put Asian IQ higher and concluded
that after you accounted for increases in IQ since the tests were
"normalized", Asian IQs were actually no higher than whites might
expected to be at the same time. However, he does not dispute that
Asians still have superior academic performance in school, which is
just as useful as having a high IQ.
(10) ""Racial and ethnic differences in intelligence in the United
States on the Differential Ability Scale Pergamon Personal individual
Differences Vol 20 No. 2 pp. 271-273, 1996
People who reference this page:
I've upgraded my page detailing statistics about IQ on line. Many
thanks to Charles Murray, Arthur Hu and Chris Brand who, via their
books or web site or direct answering, are the most important sources
of this page.
http://www.douance.org/qi/qicorrel.htm
Philippe Gouillou - pg@evopsy.org - http://www.evopsy.org
A paraitre : "Pourquoi les femmes des riches sont belles"
Recrutement et Psychometrie : www.sapiens-sapiens.com
Levels
@@intelligence
@@Abecedarian Project
IF YOU PUMP $10,000 A YEAR INTO POOR BABIES, THEY'LL GAIN 5 IQ POINTS
BY AGE 15, AND YOU'LL "PREVENT POVERTY"
This study claims that if you pump lots of money into poor kids at
birth, you can improve IQ at levels that stick around even at age 15,
compared to Head Start which starts at 3 to 5, and generally fades
out in an IQ gap. Note that even this study after 15 years has
subjects with an IQ of 94 which is still below average, and only 5
points above the control group, at a cost approaching $10,000 per
child for the first 5 years of life when most rich kids don't get any
formal schooling at all except from their parents.
ABCEDARIAN CLAIMS PRESCHOOL FIXES IQ WITHOUT FADE-OUT
"What it might take to defeat poverty: A North Carolina Program that
starts teaching at birth is based on the idea that preventing the
setbacks of poverty is more effective than trying to compensate for
them" Seattle Times Dec 5, 1996 A3 Richard Whitmire. Study with
subjects now 21, concludes that IQ can be changed, but Head Start
starts way too late at 3 to 5, it must start in the first months of
life with trained experts. [ mothers are obviously not good enough]
Craig Ramey oversaw Abecedarian and another $33 million experiment on
low birthweight children. That program raised IQs by 13 points.
Godfrey Oakley ran a $2.5M program based on ab. methods. CDC proposed
$10,000 per year, $300 million over 5 years but shot down by Clinton.
z45\clipim\2000\10\14\abced.efx abced1.gif
IQ DIFFERENCES DID NOT STICK, BUT KIDS DID BETTER IN LIFE IQ
differences disappeared as kids aged in Mich. project Richard
Whitemire Gannett News seattle Times Dec 15, 1996 A3 High/Scope Perry
Preschool Study tracked 123 poor black children for 27 years. "Only"
7 percent of program group had been arrested vs 35% of the control
group. 4x earned $2,000 or more a month, 3x owned homes, fewer
received welfare, marriages lasted twice as long, females had fewer
out of wedlock babies. Claims that the program saved society $7 for
every $1 in cost. However, IQ differences washed out by age 10
IQ differences vs control group
3.0 84.27 100.70
3.5 93.04 102.96
4.0 89.19 101.22
4.5 91.09 101.22
5.0 93.82 101.43
6.5 92.26 98.45
7.0 91.82 98.12
8.0 93.33 97.83
12.0 88.44 93.74
15.0 90.34 94.98
Claim - differences did not fade completely, but 15 point gap has
narrowed to less than 5 points.
NY TIMES SAYS ABECEDARIAN WORKS
http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/102299early-childhood-edu.html
New York Times October 22, 1999 Quality Day Care, Early, Is Tied to
Achievements as an Adult. The Abecedarian Project involved 111
African-American families in Chapel Hill, N.C., whose infants were
medically healthy but, demographically, at risk for failure 35% vs
15% in 4 yr college. 30% vs 56% repeat grade, over 19 vs 17 child,
below avg test scores, iq gap 17 at age 3, 5 pts by age 21
NEWSWEEK: ABECEDARIAN SHOWS GAINS AT AGE 15 VS HEAD START
Craig Ramey of the University of Alabama in 1972 launched the
Abecedarian Project. Children enrolled in this program from ages
ranging from 4 months up to 8 years were found to still score higher
in math and reading at age 15 than the untreated, with an average
retained IQ advantage of 4.6 points, with earlier treatment lasting
longer. Intervention after age 5 showed no benefits. "Your Child's
Brain " Newsweek Feb 19, 1996 p. 61
@@Accomodations
BOOST IQ 15 PTS BY BENDING THE RULES
z48\clip\2001\02\miniq.txt Chris Brand: New IQ for minorities A
review of: ARMOUR-THOMAS, Eleanor & GOPAUL-McNICOL, Sharon-ann
(1998). Assessing Intelligence: Applying a Bio-Cultural Model.
Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage (Racial and Ethnic Minority Psychology
Series, senior editor, F. T. L. Leong). Pp. xix + 239. ISBN
0-7619-0521-9 (pbk). The child can be given more of a chance to
display its true ability. The instructions of Wechsler's subtests can
be repeated. More examples can be given by the tester if a child gets
off to a bad start. The tester can relax Wechsler's time limits on
items. In these ways, new IQ scores can be arranged for children. So
the authors do all this, and provide the average child with a useful
15-IQ-point boost
In the 1930's, Wechsler adopted the practice of comparing adult
testees with people in their own ten-year age bands rather than with
the generality of adults. Wechsler thus provided a much-appreciated
boost to older people
@@Adoptions
It is commonly assumed that adoption studies have proven that IQ is
not connected to race. Not so. Studies in cited in the Bell Curve
and Jensens 1998 G Factor indicated that adopted children still do
worse (black) or better (Asian) than adopted whites. Adoption helps
IQ, but Asian children do better than white children, who do better
than black children, and IQ's resemble group averages as they reach
adult age.
Rushton says race IQ ranking
exists even among adopted children.
ADOPTION RAISES <85IQ KIDS TO +7.7/85 low +19.5/98 high SES \doc\web\99\10\adoptiq.txt Abstract
from the new PNAS: Vol. 96, Issue 15, 8790-8794, July 20, 1999 How
can we boost IQs of "dull children"?: A late adoption study Michel
Duyme*,, Annick-Camille Dumaret, and Stanislaw Tomkiewicz Edited by
Eleanor E. Maccoby, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved
May 26, 1999 The average IQs of adopted children in lower and higher
socioeconomic status (SES) families were 85 (SD = 17) and 98 (SD =
14.6), respectively, at adolescence (mean age = 13.5 years). The
results show (i) a significant gain in IQ dependent on the SES of the
adoptive families (mean = 7.7 and mean = 19.5 IQ points in low and
high SES, respectively), (ii) IQs after adoption are significantly
correlated with IQs before adoption,
ADOPTION DOES IMPROVE IQ, BUT REMAINS NO BETTER THAN AVERAGE
z60\clip\2002\10\iqadop.txt
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/15/8790?
maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=IQ&searchid=1034099522
935_6385&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0
PNAS Vol. 96, Issue 15, 8790-8794, July 20, 1999
Our results show that the adoptive environment for children adopted
after 4 years of age is effective in boosting low IQs. Children who had
low pre-adoption IQs and were adopted between the ages of 4 and 6 had
much higher scores at adolescence. They had an average IQ gain of 13.9
points, 19.5 points when they were adopted by high SES families.
[but ..] in higher SES adoptive families, the mean IQ is 98 points and
remains slightly below the general population average of 100
Philippe Gouillou believes this study invalid, with a Marxist point
of view.
Psychology-BS
How can we boost IQs of "dull children"?: A late adoption study
Michel Duyme*,, Annick-Camille Dumaret, and Stanislaw Tomkiewicz§
* Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.155,
Epidémiologie Génétique, Université Paris VII,
RUSHTON REVIEWS JENSEN'S G FACTOR \doc\web\99\05\rushjens.txt This
review of The g Factor just appeared in Politics and the Life
Sciences, 1998, 17, 230-232 The g Factor also cites the evidence of
transracial adoption studies. Three studies have been carried out on
Korean and Vietnamese children adopted into White American and White
Belgian homes. Though many had been hospitalized for malnutrition,
prior to adoption, they went on to develop IQs ten or more points
higher than their adoptive national norms. By contrast, Black and
Mixed-Race (Black-White) children adopted into White middle-class
families typically perform at a lower level than similarly adopted
White children.
Source: Bell Curve p. 310
In a decade later followup to the Scarr study,
116 adopted asian 10 pts above national norm (rushton, jensen)
109 biological children of white
106 adopted white children
99 black adopted one white, one black parent
89 black adopted two black parents <- not much different than north IQ
\clip\99\04\gould.htm
http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/jpr_gould_paid.html
Special Review
Race, Intelligence, and the Brain: The Errors and Omissions of the
Revised Edition of S. J. Gould's The Mismeasure of Man (1996)
Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 23, No. 1 (July 1997), pp. 169-
180
J. Philippe Rushton
Most transracial adoption studies also provide evidence for the
heritability of racial differences in IQ. Studies of Korean and
Vietnamese children adopted into White American and white Belgian
homes have been conducted (Clark & Hanisee, 1982; Frydman & Lynn,
1989; Winick et al., 1975). As babies, many adoptees had been
hospitalized for malnutrition. Nontheless, they went on to develop
IQs 10 or more points higher than their adoptive national norms. By
contrast, Black and Mixed-Race (Black/White) children adopted into
White middle class families typically perform at a lower level than
similarly adopted White children. For example, in the well known
Minnesota Adoption Study, by age 17, adopted children with two White
biological parents had an average IQ of 106, adopted children with
one White and one Black biological parent had an average IQ of 99 and
adopted children with two Black biological parents had an average IQ
of 89 (Weinberg, Scarr & Waldman, 1992).
@@Africans
Africans are generally reported to have an IQ of 70. Many tests seem
to bear this out, but where in white population a 70IQ also comes
with huge rates of mental disability, Africans are completely
comparable to whites as long as they're not asked to do abstract
cognitive tests. I tend to agree that IQ tests are only useable for
matters of picking out "defectives" if culture and education are
comparable or simply measuring abstract performance.
AFRICAN PEASANT IQ JUDEMENT IS FOOLISH
Pitchford says mainstram ignores 70
iq african scores, cites others who say aficans with 70 iqs do quite
well, coleman did no find hi asian iq. there are no mainstream
Xopsychometricians who take the "data" on African IQs seriously, and
the most convincing large-scale study of Asian (Japanese and Chinese)
IQs in the US (the Coleman Report) also failed to find the fabled
higher mean. For a genuinely impartial assessment of this work see
chapter 5 of Mackintosh's "IQ and Human Intelligence" (OUP, 1998):
it is important to acknowledge that confident pronouncements about
the average intelligence of African peasants, based on the results of
standard IQ tests, are foolish and dangerous: an IQ test can only
purport to measure the intelligence of people with some common
cultural background.
NY review of books critical
of validity of african iq strudies
Rushton claims 84 college, 70
general IQ in South Africa.
Brand reports on Rushton's
findings that African do poorly on tests of abstract thinking.
Rushton reports IQs from
college and high school students far below US norms, supporting
the 70 IQ figure.
link Africans are probably not 70
IQ, not in the way whites would have 70 IQ. Black americans with 70IQ
just have low IQ, not retarded as whites with similar scores are.
Bell Curve p. 288
- Africans from Africa do much worse than African Americans
(BellCurve) Richard Lynn says IQ = 75 from 11 studies, 1.7 SD below
US, 10 below US blacks. Colored (mixed race) similar to US blacks
\priv\95\02\pion2.txt
He scrounged up eleven studies. Five took place in apartheid South
Africa and a sixth in the genocidal Belgian Congo of 1952, where
colonial rulers were slaughtering 15 million black people. The best
he could find was one that, even the study's author said, did "not at
all" indicate that intelligence is inherited. The author himself
pointed to poorer schooling for black students and difficulty with
English as a second language as reasons for the subjects' poor
performances.
Steve Sailer thinks african immigrants are
smart
@@Age
IQ by age
-------------------------
age 2-3 Ape / chimpanzee
age 11 IQ 70
age 25 peak IQ
Somwhere ther are tables of how IQ varies by age. However if we use
the NAEP race gaps as a guide, it has been widely published that
blacks graduate about 3-4 years behind, and Asians and Asian Americans
about 2 years ahead of whites. If the standard IQ gap of 1SD is used,
that would mean about a .25-.30 SD improvement for each year of age.
It would also put a child that is 2SD above average at about 8 years
advanced, so a very bright 10 yr old would be as smart as an adult.
Philippe Gouillou: the global IQ is said to hit its top
at 18-22 (max: 25), and some tests do compensate for age decline as
soon as at 35 years old.
The overall general agreement is that fluid IQ will increase until
16, and then stay at the same level for a few years (till 25 for
some) and fall more and more sharply, the cristallized IQ will
continue to increase till late in life, but soon not enough to
compensate the fall of F-IQ.
[1] As a consequence, to claim an mental age IQ of 200, one has to
have been tested before 8 yo (for 250 it's 6 y and 3 m) and
have obtained at this age an IQ of 100 on an adult scale.
Until 16, there is a table of conversion from raw results to IQ
scores according to age. After 16, the population is considered as
adult, but in some tests points are added to the raw result
to compensate for age decline.
The conversion from mental age to/from distribution IQ is not
automatic (one has to use tables, and these tables are different for
each subtest) and it's the same for conversion of IQ from an age to
another (eg: if one has an IQ of 150 at 10, you have to use tables
to know what would be his IQ if he had 15 (and it will generally be
more than 100), but you know that when he will be tested at 15 he
will have an IQ around 150).
%%Baby
BABIES, MONKEYS CAN COUNT UP TO 5
z58\clip\2002\09\apecoun.txt
CNN: Evidence adds up that monkeys can count - September 5, 2002
http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/09/05/coolsc.countingmonkeys/index.html
"Human babies also have a rudimentary ability to estimate small
quantities," said Nieder. Both human infants and monkeys can
accurately discriminate quantities up to five. "
%%General
RUSHTON BELIEVES B/W IQ GAP = 4 YEARS
link J.P. Rushton: 10/2002: An IQ
of 70 is about the mental age of an eleven year old. He believes the
African population has a mental age of 7 to 16 with mean of 11 vs
White American 11 to 20 with mean of 15 [call the guy a racist but
that's consistent with the NAEP gap of 3-4 years]
As reported by Ed Miller:
Full text along with tables and
figures are found at:http://www.bmj.org/cgi/content/full/322/7290/819#B18
---------------Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to
age 76
J Whalley et al.BMJ 2001;322:819 Objectives: To test the association between
childhood IQ and mortalityover the normal human lifespan.
Design: Longitudinal cohort study.
Setting: Aberdeen.
Subjects: All 2792 children in Aberdeen born in 1921 and attendingschool on 1
June 1932 who sat a mental ability test as part of theScottish mental survey
1932.Main outcome measure: Survival at 1 January 1997.Results: 79.9% (2230)
of the sample was traced. Childhood mental abilitywas positively related to
survival to age 76 years in women (P<0.0001)and men(P<0.0001). A 15 point
disadvantage in mental ability at age 11conferred a relative risk of 0.79 of
being alive 65 years later (95%confidence interval 0.75 to0.84); a 30 point
disadvantage reduced this to 0.63 (0.56 to 0.71).However, men who died during
active service in the second world war hada relatively high IQ.Overcrowding
in the school catchment area was weakly related to death.Controlling for this
factor did not alter the association between mentalability and mortality.
Conclusion: Childhood mental ability is a significant factor among
thevariables that predict age at death. Full text along with tables and
figures are found at:http://www.bmj.org/cgi/content/full/322/7290/819#B18
THE AGING MIND
Newsweek Health for Life Fall 2001
Relative Performance z-score
Verbal Knowledge / Processing Ability
20-29 -0.5 1.0
40-49 -0.2 0.2
70-79 0.3 -0.5
80-89 0.1 -1.0
Processing ability declines from 20 but
verbal increases up to 70-79 then dips slightly
z50\clip\2001\08\cogage.txt
http://unisci.com/stories/20013/0814014.htm
Memory Starts To Decline In Our 20s, Researcher Finds
People in their 20s don't usually complain about forgetting names or
phone numbers or having trouble learning something new. But that's when
memory and mental energy first start to decline, according to
psychologist Denise Park.
Park directs the Center for Aging and Cognition at the University of
Michigan Institute for Social Research (ISR).
z48\clip\2001\04\ageiq.txt
IQ peaks at 25, but some find success at older age
ANALYSIS: Creativity and age By STEVE SAILER UPI National
Correspondent http://www.vny.com/cf/news/upidetail.cfm?QID=174184
Somebody who scores 100 on the test would actually score 114 at age
25 and only 93 at age 60, according to Harvard psychology Professor
Raymond E. Fancher.
@@AmerIndian / Native American
COLEMAN REPORT PUTS AMERINDIAN GAP AS LESS THAN BLACK/WHITE GAP
http://lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/em_evol.html
The Evolution of Australian and Amerindian Intelligence
Edward M. Miller
Department of Economics and Finance
University of New Orleans
The best single source of evidence on American Indian intelligence is
provided by the Coleman report. This sampled large numbers of children
widely across the US and picked up non-reservation Indians who would
be functioning in the main stream US society. Jensen (1980, p. 479)
calculated the Indian/white differences as .67, .93, .79, and .93
standard deviation units at grade 3, 6, 9, and 12 for verbal IQ and
.38, .83, .54, and .57 for nonverbal IQ. These were appreciably
smaller than observed for blacks (in spite of their higher
socio-economic condition and greater acculturation). The smaller
deficit on the nonverbal tests is a widely reported result, which
probably reflects a true difference in the pattern of abilities.
@@Animal
MONKEYS CAN COUNT TO 9, MONKEYS AND DOLPHINS CAN CHOOSE "I DON'T KNOW"
z75\clip\2004\01\anthou.txt
http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1098372,00.html
Animals 'can think about thought'
Laboratory monkeys
have counted up to nine,
..monkeys and dolphins, at least, could opt for the "uncertain"
response, in a manner essentially identical to a human don't-know.
A team from the University of Buffalo, New York, the University of
Montana and Georgia State University report in the December issue of
Behavioural and Brain Sciences
ANIMALS, WHALES, CHIMPS DISPLAY CULTURE
z62\clip\2002\12\animcult.txt
Crashing the culture club
http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/330/science/Crashing_the_culture_clubP.shtml
Animals may pass down 'traditions,' but is it culture?
By Cynthia Mills, Globe Correspondent, 11/26/2002
"in 1996, two whales tried something new. They sang wildly different
songs, with new rhythms and melodies. In a few more years, all the
whales were singing in the new style, as if humpback rock 'n' roll had
given way to humpback punk. "
DOLPHINS FIRST NON-APES TO PASS MIRROR TEST
z49\clip\2001\05\dolphin.txt NYT May 1, 2001 Brainy Dolphins Pass the
Human 'Mirror' Test By MARK DERR their studies lend support to the
view that dolphins can develop some notion of themselves and others
as distinct individuals, abilities often associated only with humans
and great apes. children begin to recognize themselves in the mirror
at around 18 to 24 months.
@@Arab
RUSHTON SAYS ARABS (AND GREEKS TURKS) ARE IN LOW 90S
From: J. P. Rushton Friday, October 20, 2000 7:52 AM To:
h-bd@egroups.com Subject: [h-bd] Arab IQ From Richard Lynn's ongoing
compilation as well as some other not yet published data I have from
Muslim populations in Europe, across a broad sweep of populations
Arab and Turkish populations are averaging IQ equivalents in the low
90s. (So are Greeks). Richard Lynn also has calculated on the basis
of his data so far a correlation of 0.75 bewteen a country's GDP and
its average IQ score.
@@Asians
Asians supposedly show less m/f difference, have larger heads and
brains and iq, are real good at visiospatial have smaller standard
deviation Le Griffe has a theory that economic success is more closely
tied to verbal IQ, and Asians lag europeans there.
%%inferior
ASIAN LAG IN VERBAL MAY EXPLAIN UNDERWEALTH COMPARED TO IQ
SMART FRACTION THEORY II: WHY ASIANS LAG La Griffe du Lion
http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com/sft2.htm
.. data from more than
27,000 students who entered ABA approved law schools in fall 1991. The
study found that only 80.75% of Asians passed the bar on the first try
compared with 91.93% of non-Hispanic whites. This corresponds to a
white-Asian mean-score difference of 0.53 standard deviation or in IQ
terms a verbal gap of 8 points!
R. Lynn reviewed the literature on racial IQ in The Mankind Quarterly,
31:3, Spring 1991, 255-296 ...12 [studies] reported both general and
verbal IQ averages for NE Asians. Three of the 12 indicated a white-NE
Asian verbal IQ gap of about 8 points in agreement with the bar exam
result, but these are at the high end. The average verbal gap was a
bit less than 4 points or about a quarter standard deviation.
..Among the races, only NE Asians and Amerindians exhibit this
particular kind of verbal-nonverbal cognitive split.
..spectacular visuospatial ability of NE Asians, while accounting for
their high IQ scores, does not necessarily make them good capitalists
%%Peak
BRAIN SIZE, IQ PEAK IN RAW SCORES AT 13 - 15
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/mental_health/article5007079.ece
The TimesOctober 25, 2008
Does age matter when electing a president?
The pattern is the same on classic intelligence tests, which measure
basic reasoning ability, an important ability for a nation's leaders.
You may have heard that “IQ” remains relatively stable throughout
life, and indeed it does. That's because IQ is a quotient
(Intelligence Quotient), a relative measure that expresses your test
score in relation to test scores of people your own age. Your IQ stays
roughly the same because you stay in roughly the same place with
respect to your cohort; virtually everyone in your cohort is
deteriorating at about the same rate. The peak of raw scores on
intelligence tests occurs between ages 13 and 15.
A recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study at the University of
California San Diego, shows that brain size in human beings peaks at
about 14 and declines gradually thereafter. Although at 70 the brain
has shrunk, this doesn't mean that a 70-year-old has the intelligence
of a child. It does mean, however, that although accrued knowledge and
wisdom remain roughly intact, the various cognitive abilities, and
especially the ability to acquire new knowledge, are in decline.
%%standard deviation
seligman says asian
iq has smaller s.d.
From: "Patricia Hausman" @@Baby development
INFANTS RECOGNIZE NOUNS AND NAMES AT 6 MONTHS
z62\clip\2002\11\babword.txt
http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2002-03/02-032.html
Distributed November 7, 2002
Brown University News Service
Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences
Infants use their own name to recognize other words in fluent speech
A Brown University study of 24 six-month-olds found infants recognized
nouns and verbs when spoken in connection with their names. It is the
youngest age at which the ability for word recognition has been
documented.
http://www.seattletimes.com/sbin/iarecord?NS-search-set=/335fc/aaaa001h15fca
2f&NS-doc-offset=0&
\clip\97\11\braifood.txt Seattle Times April 22, 1997 Science:
Stimulation is the key to how babies learn
by Katherine Long Seattle Times Eastside bureau
New brain imaging technologies and research into newborn behavior are
telling scientists what good parents seem to know instinctively:
Loving parents make smarter, happier babies.
z60\clip\2002\11\babydev.txt
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/11/021105080630.htm
cienceDaily News Release: The Eyes Have It: Study Shows Infants More Tuned Into Wider World Than Previously Believed
11/5/2002
Research by University of Washington psychologists Rechele Brooks and
Andrew Meltzoff reveals the importance of eyes to12-, 14- and
18-month-old infants and shows that they are much more likely to look
at an object when a person turns toward it with open eyes rather than
closed. 12-month-olds had difficulty distinguishing between the
headband and blindfold, while the 14- and 18-month-olds readily
followed the eyes of the headband-wearing experimenter but rarely
followed her when she turned with the blindfold in place.
@@Barbados
Lawrence Harrison says Barbados
racial stock similar to poorer, more primitive Haiti, but Barbados
absorbed developed English culture where Haiti did not.
@@Basic Skills
@@BEAUTY
BEAUTIFUL WOMEN LIGHT UP MENS BRAINS
z54\clip\2001\11\beauty.txt
Patterns: Beauty, It Turns Out, Lights the Brain
NYT November 13, 2001
By ERIC NAGOURNEY
@@Bell Curve controversy
Charles Murray and Herrenstein's book is a lightning rod for
criticism of "scientific racism".
z47\clip\2001\01\bushcab.txt Think Tank Frankensteins: Bush's Rainbow
Cabinet by R Lederman Date: Mon, 15 Jan 2001 11:24:56 attacks Bush
circle for sympathy with Charles Murray "Among the many Bush cabinet
appointees and advisors associated with Murray's ideas are Stephen
Goldsmith, Tommy Thompson, Elaine Chou, Myron Magnet, Marvin Olasky,
Linda Chavez, Karl Rove, Floyd Flake, Spencer Abraham and various
members of the Bush family - including former President Bush." Chao
is also mentioned for being with Heritage Foundation.
\priv\95\14\bellcurv.txt - The false science of racism
\priv\95\10\bellpoli.txt - Called political, not scientific and
invalud. SFC 8/11/95
\priv\95\02\sciamer.txt - Scientific American Feb 95
@@Bias
FLORIDA GIFTED PROGRAM USES DIFFERENT IQ FOR RACE TO MATCH "BIAS"
Z54\CLIP\2001\11\link1107.txt the state mandated a two-tiered IQ
testing level to compensate for built-in biases in the test. The state
settled similar lawsuits last year involving children from
Hillsborough and Pinellas counties but so far has not changed its
policy. Florida: Suit says gifted programs discriminate
http://www.news-press.com/news/today/011107gifted.html "Florida is
unconstitutionally discriminating against white and Asian children in
favor of other minorities in gifted program assignments at public
schools, a federal lawsuit claimed Tuesday. The suit, filed by a group
led by Ward Connerly
@@Birth Weight
z47\clip\2001\01\heavbaby.txt 1/26/01 Heavy Babies Are Smarter Adults
By EMMA ROSS The Associated Press LONDON (AP) - In the biggest study
to date examining the influence of birth weight on intelligence,
scientists have found that babies born on the heavy side of normal
tend to be brighter as adults. in the British Medical Journal, found
that among children whose birth weight was higher than 5.5 pounds -
considered to be normal - the bigger the baby, the smarter it was
likely to be.
Gouillou finds studies show birth
weight isn't the greatest factor in IQ compared to smoking or parents
status.
@@Black American
@@African American
Very controversial topic, either there is no such thing as a valid
black IQ, or it's 1 SD down for most test of Americans, 70IQ for
Africans, or 5 points better for African immigrants. African Americans
in some schools score at or above average on basic skills tests, but
this hasn't been demonstrated on IQ tests which are much more
difficult and / or biased. Wikipedia says african immigrants perform
better than whites or Asians in the US. Canadian study finds Bermuda,
mostly african descent is also highly rated.
Learning a Living
first results of Adult Literacy and life skills survey
https://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/44/7/34867438.pdf
[[acknowledge IQ
Blacks who acknowledge there may be some inherent differences in IQ
and ability - very few of these guys, or none. There are Asians and
whites who accept this.
%%Sowell
Thomas Sowell - does NOT acknowledge this, cites high IQ differences
within races and between cultures. he uses a study that found such a
difference between Irish Catholics and Protestants. On p. 160 in
RACE AND CULTURE, he alludes to this finding, citing Eysenck's THE IQ
ARGUMENT (1971), p. 123.
SOWELL - NOT AFRAID TO STUDY RACE AND IQ
z60\clip\2002\10\sowiq.txt
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/thomassowell/ts20021001.shtml
Thomas Sowell
October 1, 2002
Race and IQ
Studies had shown that females
predominated among high-IQ blacks. One study of blacks whose IQs were
140 and up found that there were more than five times as many females
as males at these levels.
it would "dignify" Professor
Arthur Jensen's thesis of a genetic basis for black-white differences
in IQ scores.
Similar 15 PT IQ differences could be found between various
culturally isolated white communities and the general society, both
in the United States and in Britain.
Jensen found black children IQ scores rose by 8 to 10 points after he
met with them informally in a play room and then tested them again
What a shame that
others seem to have less confidence in black children than Professor
Jensen has had.
Robert A. Gordon, the distinguished sociologist at Johns Hopkins
comes immediately to mind. He too has taken some heat, but not the
literal kind you describe. - La Griffe du Lion Gordon is a real
talent, but is Caucasian. He was formerly married to Linda
Gottfredson and they still work together.
[[African
Charles Murray 5/2001: Dick Herrnstein and I could not track down any
evidence for the common assertion that West Indian blacks approach
equality with whites on standardized tests. Steve Sailer adds:
Charles found that foreign-born blacks (not all of whom are West
Indian, of course) averaged five points higher than native-born
blacks on the big dataset The Bell Curve is based upon.
[[average
New York, Boston schools blacks are at grade level in some
grades
Best Chicago predominantly black schools are at 50 percentile
Seattle's Zion academy claims students are performing at grade level
[[carribean
Mcwhorter and others speak of the success of carribean immigrants
relative to natives, but there isn't much data that shows they're
actually at parity with white Americans.
il_leone_uno presents data points on carribean blacks:
1) Richard Lynn in The Mankind Quarterly, Spring 1991, cites IQ
measurements of West Indians from two Caribbean islands: Barbados
(mean IQ = 82) and Jamaica (mean IQ = 66-75).
2) Peter Brimelow writing in National Review in June 1992 points out
that "the skill level of the post-1965 wave of West Indian immigrants
has deteriorated sharply. Caribbean immigrants are now the most prone
of all to welfare dependency."
3) A June 1999 report prepared for the Mayor's Advisory Task Force on
the City University of New York, concludes from regression analysis
of 8th grade performance that: "Being from the Caribbean was
negatively associated with both [math and reading] skill sets."
4) The same report looking at college-bound students found that
students from Puerto Rico and the Caribbean had average scores
between 396 and 406 on the verbal SAT, and between 397 and 413 on the
math SAT depending, respectively, on whether they went to CUNY or not.
[[different
Sailer notes IQ is predictive of
many academic intensive tasks, but not improvisational or celebrity
where blacks excel. Jordan and Oprah make most as endorsements.
[[high
>>f121495: \doc\95\14\barclay.txt "A better idea" The Economist Dec
2, 1995 p. 23 Barclay public school in Baltimore Md. emulates a
tough private school to achieve 85 percentile math, 80 reading scores
with 90% black students, 82% free lunch who previously were scoring
20-30 percentile. Superintendent was fired who had opposed "rich
black man's curriculum" inappropriate for poor students. It used lots
of homework, drilling, spelling tests, world history, literature, and
art, and must be adept at writing reports, creative essays and
letters by the age of 11. (85% is good enough to get into the
University of California system, or UC Berkeley with affirmative
action) , = 116 IQ
[[jail
\clip\2005\10\jailiq.txt - letter from psychiatrist, not named, who
observes that blacks with low 70-85 IQ appear normal, and make good
correctional officers, but white 70-85 IQ don't act normal, and higher
"G" candidates might make bad correctional officers.
[[low
>>\priv\95\19\iqchart.txt potato@mo.net (Frank Weltner) provides a nice
ascii summary of the conventional comparison of white and black IQ,
and percentages / numbers of those falling above and below average. He
claims the average is 83, based on bell curve, and that is equal to
"borderline retarded"
Shuey p. 205
Southern schoolchildren 80.5
Border schoolchildren 87 (excluding DC sample)
Northern schoolchildren 87.6
Rural/Small Village schoolchildren 77.8
Urban schoolchildren 86
Rural vs Urban South 77 vs 82.6 (dif = 5 pts)
Urban South vs North 88.3 vs 91.1 (dif = 3 pts)
North vs South 87.6 vs 80.5 (dif = 8 pts)
Equally bad neighborhoods vs White difference = 8 pts
Fathers same occupational group or homes equal status dif = 12.8 pts
Shuey does not believe this proves gap is entirely environmental.
Shuey p. 103 (High school students)
City gap 15
Town gap 20
Rural gap 10
@@Agreement Among Scientists
Post of Wall
Street journal of 50 scientists on what IQ is
@@Armed Forces Qualification Test
@@AFQT
The AFQT is one of the best paper-and-pencil measures of IQ available
for adolescents and young adults. Its median correlation with full
scale IQ tests such as the WISC and S-B in the NLSY sample is .81,
higher than the median correlation of the WISC and S-B with other
cognitive tests. Herrnstein and I gave over an entire appendix to
discussion of the psychometric characteristics of the AFQT, for
anyone who's curious. Charles Murray
%%Gender
GENDER DIFFERENCE OF .25 SD ON AFQT
z54\doc\web\2002\01\afqt.txt
Patricia Hausman 1/2002: In the case of the Armed Forces test, the
mean difference between males and females on arithmetic reasoning,
(.25 standard deviation) is apparently high enough that even with
greater variability males are not overrepresented at the bottom of
the curve.
%%General
Pat on afqt being a IQ test with
low ceiling.
\clip\96\04\skillgap.txt BusinessWeek / September 23, 1996 IS THE
RACE GAP A SKILLS GAP? Why wages of blacks are lagging In a
controversial new study in the current issue of The Journal of
Political Economy, however, Derek A. Neal of the University of
Chicago and William R. Johnson of the University of Virginia found
that measured by the Armed Forces Qualification Test, poorer skills
as reflected in the standardized test scores explained "roughly
two-thirds of the racial wage gap among young men and all of the gap
for young women"
@@Australian Aborigineses
z46\clip\2000\11\abobrain.txt Copyright 2000 The Telegraph Group
Limited SUNDAY TELEGRAPH(LONDON) November 19, 2000, Sunday THE
DIFFERENCE, a three-part series on genetics, begins on Channel 4
tonight at 8pm. He's got a better memory than us New research
suggests that one part of an aborigine's brain is 25 per cent bigger
than a European's - but the academic community refuses to take it
seriously, for fear of being branded 'racist'. ALASDAIR PALMER reports
Ed Miller wrote: I summarized the literature on Australian aboriginal
intelligence in a paper, which I can E-mail to anyone interested. The
test results were generally poor on IQ, but there is evidence for
above average pathfinding ability. On one test which asked young
children which way to their home, the apparently acclimatized
aboriginal kids did much better than poor Caucasian children. Louis
Andrews here - Ed's paper on the Australoids is also available online
on my website at: http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/em_evol.html
@@Book
zip37\doc\web\99\14\intdes.htm Gottfriedson on Inequality by design
book says that IQ only exists to oppress the poor, first attempt to
rebut the bell curve with science but does a poor job
@@Brain Size
@@Head Size
According to Gould's Mismeasure of Man, there have never been, and can
never be any valid measure of brain size between groups of humans
which shows any group difference. His widely lauded book, however, does
not provide any evidence to prove the alternate thesis that brain sizes
are therefore equal in size.
It may be possible that brain size and structure can be influenced by
culture and exercise. Arnold Schwarzenegger is strong because he is
big, but he's big because he is trained. O
The most outspoken opposing view is Phillipe Rushton cites research
that shows that brain size at birth correlates with IQ and brain size
later on in life so there may be inherent differences as well.
Rushton concludes that Asians are 17 cm3 larger than Europeans who
are 80 cm3 larger than Africans. [This is also consistent with most
math tests that put Asians about 1/3 to 1/2 as far ahead of whites as
whites are ahead of blacks] Men also have larger brains than women.
In a 2002 letter, Rushton says "The best current evidence is that
there is 5 cubic inches of overall average difference in cranial
capacity between Blacks and Whites and about 1 cubic inch overall
difference between East Asians and Whites.... I am assured
(privately) that the MRI results completely confirm the race
differences"
Professionals have larger brains than the unskilled.
---------------------------------------
z45\clip\2000\08\afrbrain.txt August 13, 2000 J. P. Rushton
Cranial capacity in CC
375-485 -2.68 A. africanus
750 -1.73 Homo Habilis
1000 Homo Erectus (1)
1200 Human .25M years ago (1)
1300-1350 1.00 Modern Human
----------------------------------------
1276 Africans (1)
1347 Caucasians (1)
1362 -1.011 US Army AfrAm (1)
1364 Mongloids (1)
1378 1.000 US Army EuroAm (1)
1391 1.009 US Army AsianAm (1)
----------------------------------------
1700 1.23 Neandertal
Worldwide data adjusted for stature
1241 -1.045 African
1297 1.000 European
1308 1.008 E Asian
(1) Rushton 1995, unadjusted, differences greater adjusted for body
weight. Also 2000 z45\clip\2000\08\afrbrain.txt August 13, 2000 J. P.
Rushton. Conjectures that brain features also determine maturation
rates, and and wider hips, jaw structure also observed to vary between
races.
cran.jpg Rushton army data on
cranium size "Here are Rushton's US Army data. Note that the bottom
15% of population are not allowed in US Army" Notes - black, white
and asian males are shown to have more cranial capacity than any
women, but Asian females do about as well in SAT math as white men.
boasbrai.txtBoas found that only
27% of Blacks exceeded the White brain size average, rather than the
50% that should have done had the races been equal.
@@Brand, Chris
UK IQ race "hawk" who belives that "g" is largely determined by
genes, as are racial differences.
Fired from his UK university over alleged sympathy for a
pedophile, more likely because of his depublished book "g factor"
For more, including a weekly newsletter, go to
http://www.crispian.demon.co.uk
Chris Brand
Advocates that children be taught at a pace consistent with their IQ
1970 Age
4 n whites
12,029
n blacks
9,730 Tests SB IQs 87
-
- Broman et
al.,1975 1974
7
19,968 18,474 WISC 87
-
- Broman et
al.,1975 1972 6/16
305
1,870 WISC-R 84
86 85 Kaufman &
Doppelt,1976 1977 16/74
7,270 16,134 GATB 81
86 84 Aviola & Waldman,
1994 1977 5/11
456
604 WISC-R 85
87 86 Mercer &
Lewis,1979 1978 16/74
192
1,664 WAIS-R 85
87 86 Reynolds et
al.,1987 1980 14/22
3,022
6,502 AFQT 82
-
- Herrnstein & Murray,
1994 1981 2/12
311
1,450
KABC 93
-
- Kaufman &
Kaufman,1983 1982 3/18
932
4,519 PPVT 84
84 - Dunn, 1988 1984
Philippe Gouillou - pg@evopsy.org offers:
The book of Chris BRAND : "The g Factor - General Intelligence and its
Implications" is available on line at no cost from my web site
www.douance.org In The g Factor, Chris BRAND presents clearly the
facts, arguments and deductions about the existence of a general
factor (g), its biological roots, and provides the basis for any
serious discussion about its validity.
TO DOWNLOAD THE BOOK :
The page http://www.douance.org/qi/brandtgf.htm contains the link to
the zip file of the book (the book is in HTML format - compressed in
.zip = 282 ko)
Note copyright restrictions on his website.
Published in the UK by Wiley
(Chichester) in February 1996, The g Factor, a product of Chris
Brand's thirty years in the psychology of intelligence and
personality, met with expert approval(but met with personal
attacks get getting fired)
@@Brazil
Louis Andrews: 14 Nov 2001 The current issue (Fall 2001) of _The Mankind Quarterly_
has a short article by a Maria Fernandez entitled "A Study of the
Intelligence of Children in Brazil." It purports to be the first
evidence "published on racial and ethnic IQs in Brazil." I believe
the study was done in conjunction with some work by/for Richard Lynn.
The study is of 10 year-olds and used the Standard Progressive
Matrices. Approximately 1800+ were tested in Sao Paolo with a mean
age of 10. The adjusted IQ figures and numbr tested were as follows:
Group # Adjusted IQ
White 735 95
Brown 718 81
Black 223 71
Asian 186 99
The adjustment was 2 pts downward to equate it to the British mean of 100
and account for the Lynn/Flynn effect. The four categories are the ones
recognized by the Brazilian census and it was noted that the Asian group was
primarily Japanese.
@@Breast feeding
Breast feeding is said to increase IQ, may narrow the gap, more
whites than blacks breast feed.
\doc\web\99\07\briq.txt
breast feeding may narrow iq gap
BREAST FEEDING NUTRITION RAISES IQ
\clip\99\18\breaiq.txt Breast-Feeding Said Linked to IQ By Tim
Whitmire, Associated Press Writer Washington Post Wednesday, Sept.
22, 1999; 6:13 p.m. LEXINGTON, Ky. At least 60 percent of the
average intelligence gain seen in breast-fed infants comes from
breast milk's nutritional value, rather than benefits from maternal
bonding, according to a study released Wednesday. Anderson's study is
being published in the October edition of the American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition. The study was partially funded by Martek
Biosciences Corp., a Winchester-based company that manufactures plant
versions of two fatty acids found in breast milk, docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA).
BREAST FEEDING RAISES IQ 5.3PTS, 3.1 AFTER =INCOME FACTORS
\clip\99\18\briq2.txt Breast Milk's Link to IQ Reiterated Boost
Independent of Socioeconomic Factors, Study Asserts By Marc Kaufman
Washington Post Staff Writer Thursday, September 23, 1999 Page A12
"Breast-fed infants tested on average 5.3 IQ points higher, according
to the study, published in the American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition. After 15 factors such as maternal smoking and education,
birth weight, birth order and family income were weighted and
subtracted, the researchers still found that breast-fed babies tested
3.1 IQ points higher than formula-fed babies. "
Burakumin
BARAKUMIN REPUTED TO LOSE IQ GAP WHEN IN THE US
http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/04/olson-p1.htm "Take IQ tests
as an example. In Japan the Buraku are a caste of people
discriminated against in education, housing, and employment. Their
children typically score ten to fifteen points below other Japanese
children on IQ tests—about the average black-white difference in the
United States. Yet when the Buraku emigrate to the United States, the
IQ gap between them and other Japanese vanishes." Albert Himoe notes
there are no references to support IQ of Buraku in US.
C. Murray says it's from John
Ogbu's work, but he can't find reference for US children either.
BURAKUMIN ARE THOUGHT TO BE LIKE OTHER JAPANESE, BUT DOWN 15IQ
"Michael Ikeda"
