Mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, according to mother's detailed race, Hispanic origin, educational attainment, and age: Selected States, 1989-93

[Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System]

Characteristic of mother	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993
Race of mother1	Percent of mothers who smoked2
All races	19.5	18.4	17.8	16.9	15.8
White	20.4	19.4	18.8	17.9	16.8
Black	17.1	15.9	14.6	13.8	12.7
American Indian or Alaskan Native	23.0	22.4	22.6	22.5	21.6
Asian or Pacific Islander3	5.7	5.5	5.2	4.8	4.3
Chinese	2.7	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.1
Japanese	8.2	8.0	7.5	6.6	6.7
Filipino	5.1	5.3	5.3	4.8	4.3
Hawaiian and part Hawaiian	19.3	21.0	19.4	18.5	17.2
Other Asian or Pacific Islander	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.2
Hispanic origin of mother4
Hispanic origin	8.0	6.7	6.3	5.8	5.0
Mexican American	6.3	5.3	4.8	4.3	3.7
Puerto Rican	14.5	13.6	13.2	12.7	11.2
Cuban	6.9	6.4	6.2	5.9	5.0
Central and South American	3.6	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.3
Other and unknown Hispanic	12.1	10.8	10.7	10.1	9.3
White, non-Hispanic	21.7	21.0	20.5	19.7	18.6
Black, non-Hispanic	17.2	15.9	14.6	13.8	12.7
Education of mother5
0-8 years	20.8	19.2	18.3	16.8	15.2
9-11 years	35.0	33.3	31.9	30.6	29.0
12 years	22.2	21.2	20.6	20.1	19.3
13-15 years	13.6	12.7	12.4	12.0	11.3
16 years or more	5.0	4.5	4.2	3.9	3.1
Age of mother2
10-14 years	7.7	7.5	7.6	6.9	7.0
15-19 years	22.2	20.8	19.7	18.6	17.5
15-17 years	19.0	17.6	16.6	15.6	14.8
18-19 years	23.9	22.5	21.5	20.3	19.1
20-24 years	23.5	22.1	21.2	20.3	19.2
25-29 years	19.0	18.0	17.2	16.1	14.8
30-34 years	15.7	15.3	15.1	14.5	13.4
35-39 years	13.6	13.3	13.3	13.4	12.8
40-49 years	13.2	12.3	11.9	11.6	11.0
1 Includes data for 43 States and the District of Columbia (DC) in 1989, 45 States and DC in 1990, and 46 States and DC in 1991-93. Excludes data for California, Indiana, New York, and South Dakota (1989-93), Oklahoma (1989-90), and Louisiana and Nebraska (1989), which did not require the reporting of mother's tobacco use during pregnancy on the birth certificate (see Appendix I).
2 Excludes live births for whom smoking status of mother is unknown.
3 Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy was not reported on the birth certificates of California and New York, which during 1989-91 together accounted for 43-66 percent of the births in each Asian subgroup (except Hawaiian).
4 Includes data for 42 States and DC in 1989, 44 States and DC in 1990, 45 States and DC in 1991-92, and 46 States and DC in 1993. Excludes data for California, Indiana, New York, and South Dakota (1989-93), New Hampshire (1989-92), Oklahoma (1989-90), and Louisiana and Nebraska (1989), which did not require the reporting of either Hispanic origin of mother or tobacco use during pregnancy on the birth certificate (see Appendix I).
5 Includes data for 42 States and DC in 1989, 44 States and DC in 1990, 45 States and DC in 1991, and 46 States and DC in 1992-93. Excludes data for California, Indiana, New York, and South Dakota (1989-93), Washington (1989-91), Oklahoma (1989-90), and Louisiana and Nebraska (1989), which did not require the reporting of either mother's education or tobacco use during pregnancy on the birth certificate (see Appendix I).
NOTES: The race groups, white and black, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Conversely, persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Data computed by the Division of Health and Utilization Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.

Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 1995. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service, p 89. 1996. (The NCHS Web site contains instructions to download the Acrobat® reader required to view this publication.)

Updated 11/06/96