c:\doc\web\97\04\racescho.txt
Book: Race and Schooling In the City Edited
by Adam Yarmolinsky, Lance Liebman
Corrine S. Schelling Harvard University Press
1981


p. 10 Dianne Ravitch "Furthermore, northern concerns that the act
migh be used to bring about racial balance in northern school
districts were assuaged in Title IV of the Civil Rights Act by an
explicit prohibition of efforts to impose racial balance:
"'Desegergation' means the assignment of students to public schools
and within such schools without regard to their race, color,
religion, or national origin, but 'desegregation' shall not mean the
assignment of students to publich schools in order to overcome racial
imbalance."


p. 14 "in 1973, the Court ruled in Keys v. Denvrer School District No. 1
that "state-impoosed segregation in a substantial portion of the
district will suffice to support a finding.. of a dual system" ...
and would ultimately require the elimination of racial isolation
wherever it existed"


p. 22. What does segregation mean in a system that is 75-80% nonwhite like
Chicago or Detroit? If it means not deviating, then would 50/50 be
segregated? No school is majority white in a nonwhite system?
"in an urban settting, there is no present understanding of what

desegregation ought to be"


p. 132 Charles V. Willie


a century and a half agao in 1820, 18.4 percent of the population 
was black


p. 146


Willis D. Hawley


There are five primary objectives of desegregation


1) ending racial isolation among and within schools


2) increasing racial tolerance and understanding
among children and adults of all races


3) improving the academic performance of low-achievers


4) enhancing the self-concept and spirations to achieve among
minorities


5) Increasing social equality through increased access for minorities
to higher education, higher status jobs, and higher incomes.